ARB2A

gene
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Also known as DKFZP564D172Toupee

Summary

ARB2A (ARB2 cotranscriptional regulator A, HGNC:25365) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q15, encoding Cotranscriptional regulator ARB2A (Q8WUF8). Plays a role in the regulation of alternative splicing, by interacting with AGO2 and CHD7.

Predicted to contribute to siRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in neural crest cell development; regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; and regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation. Located in endoplasmic reticulum.

Source: NCBI Gene 83989 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 9
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 109 total — 5 pathogenic, 2 likely-pathogenic
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_032042

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:25365
Approved symbolARB2A
NameARB2 cotranscriptional regulator A
Location5q15
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesDKFZP564D172, Toupee
Ensembl geneENSG00000113391
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM621249
Entrez83989

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 19 — 14 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000395965, ENST00000502503, ENST00000504768, ENST00000505869, ENST00000506398, ENST00000509163, ENST00000509739, ENST00000510445, ENST00000511139, ENST00000881903, ENST00000881904, ENST00000881905, ENST00000881906, ENST00000881907, ENST00000881908, ENST00000881909, ENST00000881910, ENST00000933325, ENST00000950072

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_032042 NM_001163417, NM_001163418, NM_032042

CCDS: CCDS4069, CCDS54879, CCDS54880

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000395965 — 11 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000016660249388147093881688
ENSE000017991029377615993776243
ENSE000019148309411151194111663
ENSE000019263069361772593621129
ENSE000035407129405073194050831
ENSE000035571989395877793958968
ENSE000035682419396445893964523
ENSE000036069459382414893824267
ENSE000036290789405312694053227
ENSE000036555939407464694074769
ENSE000036907709378438393784499

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 281 present calls, max score 96.29.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 28.6228 / max 320.8463, expressed in 1785 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
6261121.65151776
626102.95261319
626081.81521013
625951.3676624
626090.3601151
625940.2647122
626070.211272

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370196.29gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004393.74gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818891.85silver quality
caput epididymisUBERON:000435891.79gold quality
cranial nerve IIUBERON:000094191.41gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039791.00gold quality
corpus epididymisUBERON:000435990.40gold quality
paraflocculusUBERON:000535190.39gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534389.77gold quality
cauda epididymisUBERON:000436089.66gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232889.50gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830389.29gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225589.26gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402389.06gold quality
seminal vesicleUBERON:000099889.02gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047388.94gold quality
middle frontal gyrusUBERON:000270287.98gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305387.93gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011587.81gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548887.63gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272887.16gold quality
medial globus pallidusUBERON:000247787.04gold quality
upper leg skinUBERON:000426286.14gold quality
frontal poleUBERON:000279585.99gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099185.86gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000685.79gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10UBERON:001354185.34gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240085.13gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233685.12gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176585.00gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes4.06

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

126 targeting ARB2A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4425100.0067.591049
HSA-MIR-5692B100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-5692C100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-4533100.0069.482758
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-3667-3P99.9967.171636
HSA-MIR-366299.9973.825684
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P99.9972.152772
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-1213699.9872.815713
HSA-MIR-499A-5P99.9870.791323
HSA-MIR-27A-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-998599.9872.112939
HSA-MIR-3688-3P99.9772.022834
HSA-MIR-314899.9775.066478
HSA-MIR-60799.9773.625593
HSA-MIR-570-3P99.9672.414910
HSA-MIR-4725-3P99.9669.532520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P99.9669.602562
HSA-MIR-1250-3P99.9670.044038
HSA-MIR-128-3P99.9571.172484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P99.9571.192505
HSA-MIR-6845-3P99.9466.881439
HSA-MIR-218-5P99.9372.222103
HSA-MIR-6508-5P99.9270.672465
HSA-MIR-129799.9173.413162
HSA-MIR-568099.9169.833421
HSA-MIR-589-3P99.9169.622088
HSA-MIR-374A-5P99.9071.342923

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 11)

  • The changes of C5orf21 gene expression are correlated with diabetic macroangiopathy. (PMID:20137623)
  • FAM172 protein expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells was up-regulated by high glucose levels in a concentration-dependent and time-course manner. (PMID:20818486)
  • FAM172A protein promotes cell proliferation, inhibits cell apoptosis and facilitates S-phase entry in HEK293 cells. (PMID:21092515)
  • FAM172A protein is expressed at high levels in human papillary thyroid carcinoma, which may promote cell proliferation via activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. (PMID:26573560)
  • FAM172A might play a role in the carcinogenesis of CRC by inhibiting the growth and invasion of CRC cells. The mechanisms by which FAM172A exerts its function seem to involve activation of ERS signaling. (PMID:26637224)
  • our study showed that miR27a expression is a diagnostic and prognostic marker and correlates with overall survival of patients with CRC. Therefore, it may be a therapeutic approach for preventing metastasis of CRC to inhibit expression of miR27a or increase expression of FAM172A. (PMID:28440497)
  • Mesenchymal circulating tumor cells and FAM172A detection may predict highrisk stage II colorectal cancer. Our research proved that circulating tumor cells were feasible surrogate samples to detect gene expression and could serve as a predictive biomarker for tumor evaluation (PMID:28618931)
  • FAM172A recombinant protein could induce proliferation of HepG2 cells, in which the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways might be involved. The role of FAM172A in HepG2 cell proliferation also indicated its possible involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:31915594)
  • FAM172A inhibits EMT in pancreatic cancer via ERK-MAPK signaling. (PMID:31988090)
  • FAM172A promotes follicular thyroid carcinogenesis and may be a marker of FTC. (PMID:33095186)
  • The CHARGE syndrome-associated protein FAM172A controls AGO2 nuclear import. (PMID:37221016)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioarb2aENSDARG00000052697
mus_musculusArb2aENSMUSG00000064138
rattus_norvegicusArb2aENSRNOG00000013844
drosophila_melanogasterCG10038FBGN0038013
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00013561

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cotranscriptional regulator ARB2AQ8WUF8 (reviewed: Q8WUF8)

Alternative names: ARB2 cotranscriptional regulator A, Cotranscriptional regulator FAM172A, Protein FAM172A

All UniProt accessions (3): Q8WUF8, B4DMI0, E9PBM2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role in the regulation of alternative splicing, by interacting with AGO2 and CHD7. Seems to be required for stabilizing protein-protein interactions at the chromatin-spliceosome interface. May have hydrolase activity.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with AGO2. Found in a complex, composed of AGO2, CHD7 and ARB2A.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Similarity. Belongs to the ARB2A family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q8WUF8-11yes
Q8WUF8-22
Q8WUF8-33
Q8WUF8-44

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001156889, NP_001156890, NP_114431* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR029058AB_hydrolase_foldHomologous_superfamily
IPR048263Arb2Family
IPR053858Arb2_domDomain

Pfam: PF22749

UniProt features (13 total): sequence variant 3, splice variant 3, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, region of interest 1, short sequence motif 1, compositionally biased region 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8WUF8-F184.010.65

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 293 (nucleophile)

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 178 (showing top): AAGCAAT_MIR137, GOBP_ALTERNATIVE_MRNA_SPLICING_VIA_SPLICEOSOME, KAAB_HEART_ATRIUM_VS_VENTRICLE_UP, PAX8_B, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION_EPIGENETIC, GOBP_MESENCHYMAL_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_RNA_SPLICING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MRNA_SPLICING_VIA_SPLICEOSOME, GOBP_MESENCHYME_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_STEM_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, YYCATTCAWW_UNKNOWN, GOBP_CHROMATIN_REMODELING, GOBP_HETEROCHROMATIN_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_EPIGENETIC_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION, GOBP_NEURAL_CREST_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION

GO Biological Process (5): regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome (GO:0000381), mRNA processing (GO:0006397), RNA splicing (GO:0008380), neural crest cell development (GO:0014032), regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation (GO:0031048)

GO Molecular Function (2): protein binding (GO:0005515), siRNA binding (GO:0035197)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleus (GO:0005634), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
RNA processing2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle2
alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome1
regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome1
mRNA metabolic process1
neural crest cell differentiation1
stem cell development1
regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing1
heterochromatin formation1
binding1
regulatory RNA binding1
cytoplasm1
endomembrane system1
intracellular anatomical structure1
cellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

510 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ARB2APLAC8L1A1L4L8710
ARB2APOU5F2Q8N7G0612
ARB2AGRIK3Q13003601
ARB2ANR2F1P10589577
ARB2ASLF1Q9BQI6572
ARB2AMCTP1Q6DN14551
ARB2APCYOX1Q9UHG3517
ARB2AKIAA0825Q8IV33505
ARB2ACPPED1Q9BRF8486
ARB2ANR2F2P24468433
ARB2AC5orf47Q569G3431
ARB2APRR33A8MZF0400
ARB2ARNPC3Q96LT9394
ARB2ABRAFP15056387
ARB2APRDM10Q9NQV6377

IntAct

40 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
DYNLL1BLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
DYNLL2BLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
SKP1MYCBP2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
ATXN7L3USP27Xpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
FGL1LCMT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
MESDARB2Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
KIR3DL2METTL15psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TANKTRAF5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF331USP9Ypsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ATP5F1DNDUFB5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
DEFB1NMT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
DNAJC3DEDDpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
Dynll1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
METTL14HMGB1P1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
STYXBANF1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
STYXPAK4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TAOK2AIPpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FGL1DNM1Lpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SKP1BHLHE40psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TTC9CPLD2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ZXDBSETD1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RBX1OBSL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CHAF1BKDM4Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DHX34ARG2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DNAJB9POTEFpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SKP1RNASET2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TTC9CLIPApsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (38): FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Co-fractionation), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Proximity Label-MS), MESDC2 (Two-hybrid), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM172A (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A6NC97, A6QQL3, D3ZGS3, F1S5L4, O74429, O94830, P06623, P09543, P13233, P16330, P97564, Q01968, Q0P464, Q10271, Q2TBM9, Q30DN6, Q3TNH5, Q5GJ77, Q5PQK1, Q5REG8, Q5RFD0, Q5SNQ7, Q5XUN4, Q5ZK44, Q61586, Q62240, Q6DIP8, Q6IQX0, Q6J5K9, Q6P5U7, Q7T297, Q7YTB0, Q80Y84, Q8C650, Q8CIG3, Q8NB78, Q8T773, Q8VHT6, Q8W1S1, Q8WUF8

Diamond homologs: A6NC97, Q3TNH5, Q5ZK44, Q6DIP8, Q7T297, Q8WUF8, Q557B6, Q95RN0, Q9XW78

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

109 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic5
Likely pathogenic2
Uncertain significance84
Likely benign4
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (7)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
3062838GRCh37/hg19 5q14.3-15(chr5:91884840-93976422)x1Pathogenic
563091GRCh37/hg19 5q14.3-21.3(chr5:91504101-104858348)x1Pathogenic
59667GRCh38/hg38 5q14.3-15(chr5:91386552-98365880)x1Pathogenic
59670GRCh38/hg38 5q15(chr5:93598243-94237822)x1Pathogenic
686679GRCh37/hg19 5q15(chr5:92386982-94865113)x1Pathogenic
152045GRCh38/hg38 5q14.3-15(chr5:92031269-93947338)x1Likely pathogenic
3062820GRCh37/hg19 5q15(chr5:92845157-93475376)x1Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

5418 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
5:93621127:TGCC:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
5:93621128:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
5:93621128:GCC:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
5:93621129:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
5:93621129:CCTGC:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
5:93621130:C:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
5:93621130:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
5:93621131:T:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
5:93784377:TCTCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:93784378:CTCAC:Cdonor_loss1.0000
5:93784379:TCACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:93784380:CACCT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
5:93784381:ACCTC:Adonor_loss1.0000
5:93784382:C:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:93784500:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
5:93785403:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
5:93824143:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
5:93824144:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:93824145:TACCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:93824146:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
5:93824146:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
5:93824146:ACC:Adonor_loss1.0000
5:93824147:C:CGdonor_gain1.0000
5:93824147:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
5:93824147:CCA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
5:93824147:CCAG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
5:93824147:CCAGT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
5:93824263:TTTTC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
5:93824264:TTTC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
5:93824266:TC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

2757 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
5:93776177:A:GC364R1.000
5:93776229:C:AW346C1.000
5:93776229:C:GW346C1.000
5:93776230:C:GW346S1.000
5:93776231:A:GW346R1.000
5:93776231:A:TW346R1.000
5:93784394:A:GW338R1.000
5:93784394:A:TW338R1.000
5:93784441:G:AS322F1.000
5:93784442:A:GS322P1.000
5:93784444:T:AD321V1.000
5:93784445:C:GD321H1.000
5:93784453:G:TA318E1.000
5:93824149:A:GL302P1.000
5:93824167:C:TG296E1.000
5:93824168:C:GG296R1.000
5:93824168:C:TG296R1.000
5:93824170:C:AG295V1.000
5:93824170:C:TG295E1.000
5:93824171:C:GG295R1.000
5:93824171:C:TG295R1.000
5:93824175:G:CS293R1.000
5:93824175:G:TS293R1.000
5:93824176:C:AS293I1.000
5:93824177:T:GS293R1.000
5:93958811:C:TG178D1.000
5:93958812:C:GG178R1.000
5:93958849:C:AW165C1.000
5:93958849:C:GW165C1.000
5:93958850:C:GW165S1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000010610 (5:93972771 G>A), RS1000011429 (5:93828155 G>A,T), RS1000012584 (5:93822595 T>C), RS1000019332 (5:93852330 G>A), RS1000025956 (5:93749363 T>A), RS1000032702 (5:93628463 G>A), RS1000033667 (5:94019496 T>C), RS1000034057 (5:93841439 C>T), RS1000035061 (5:93678714 C>T), RS1000048037 (5:93908785 A>G), RS1000058388 (5:94024861 T>G), RS1000059474 (5:93926605 T>C,G), RS1000065944 (5:94110291 T>G), RS1000067036 (5:93635944 A>C), RS1000077305 (5:94110046 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:621249 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

9 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST006881_7Hippocampal tail volume (corrected for total hippocampal volume)3.000000e-09
GCST010132_4Processed meat consumption9.000000e-10
GCST010136_8Fruit consumption1.000000e-08
GCST010143_22Meat-related diet6.000000e-11
GCST010701_76Cortical surface area (MOSTest)4.000000e-09
GCST010702_129Subcortical volume (MOSTest)2.000000e-15
GCST010703_4Brain morphology (MOSTest)5.000000e-34
GCST012490_468Femur bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction6.000000e-10
GCST90093325_8Language functional connectivity2.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0008111diet measurement
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0004531urate measurement
EFO:0007797language measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

38 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases expression, increases methylation6
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression3
trichostatin Aaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation, decreases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
FR900359increases phosphorylation1
geldanamycinincreases expression1
methyleugenoldecreases expression1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphatedecreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)decreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamidedecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
ICG 001increases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
dorsomorphindecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
jinfukangdecreases expression1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acidincreases expression1
Temozolomidedecreases expression1
Vorinostatdecreases expression1
Acetaminophenincreases expression1
Air Pollutants, Occupationalaffects expression1
Atrazinedecreases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Formaldehydedecreases expression1
Mercuric Chloridedecreases expression1
Mustard Gasdecreases expression1
Silicon Dioxidedecreases expression1
Thimerosaldecreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression1
Urethaneincreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.