ARG2

Summary

ARG2 (arginase 2, HGNC:664) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q24.1, encoding Arginase-2, mitochondrial (P78540). May play a role in the regulation of extra-urea cycle arginine metabolism and also in down-regulation of nitric oxide synthesis.

Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. At least two isoforms of mammalian arginase exists (types I and II) which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, immunologic crossreactivity and physiologic function. The type II isoform encoded by this gene, is located in the mitochondria and expressed in extra-hepatic tissues, especially kidney. The physiologic role of this isoform is poorly understood; it is thought to play a role in nitric oxide and polyamine metabolism. Transcript variants of the type II gene resulting from the use of alternative polyadenylation sites have been described.

Source: NCBI Gene 384 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 75 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 13 tissues, sQTL in 4 (q < 0.05)
• ChEMBL bioactivity: 2 clinical-phase molecules tested; no curated mechanism-of-action drug
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 0.78 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001172
• Interaction hub: 2,546 STRING partners (top 4% of genes corpus-wide)
• Notable: 75 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:664
Approved symbol	ARG2
Name	arginase 2
Location	14q24.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000081181
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	107830
Entrez	384

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 4 protein_coding, 3 nonsense_mediated_decay, 2 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000261783

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 2: 2, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000261783, ENST00000556491, ENST00000557120, ENST00000557319, ENST00000927904, ENST00001066861, ENST00001066863, ENST00001066866, ENST00001130715, ENST00001135688

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001172 NM_001172

CCDS: CCDS9785

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000261783 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000658652	67646644	67646738
ENSE00001168242	67650715	67651708
ENSE00001168252	67619920	67620088
ENSE00003501949	67620894	67620966
ENSE00003507352	67642186	67642363
ENSE00003508251	67646921	67647025
ENSE00003516515	67648047	67648183
ENSE00003667781	67645643	67645802

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 269 present calls, max score 96.77.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 13.8396 / max 445.3931, expressed in 1507 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): tendon of biceps brachii, oocyte, cortical plate, renal medulla, metanephros cortex.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

ARG2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 13 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 4 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

17 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Muscle Skeletal	sqtl	1.7e-59	-1.66	14:67720983:T:C
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	2.7e-50	+0.50	14:67622713:G:A
Artery Tibial	eqtl	5.5e-05	+0.17	14:67622436:A:T
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	9.3e-03	+0.45	14:67639045:TA:T
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes	eqtl	1.0e-02	+0.34	14:67605598:C:G
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	1.4e-02	-0.25	14:68506738:G:A
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	1.7e-02	+0.60	14:67607452:T:C
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	1.9e-02	-0.91	14:66723982:T:TACACAC
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	2.2e-02	-0.10	14:67634170:T:C
Kidney Cortex	sqtl	2.9e-02	-3.51	14:68438468:C:T
Lung	eqtl	3.1e-02	-0.46	14:67652085:G:GTGGGT
Brain Hippocampus	eqtl	3.2e-02	-1.19	14:68533567:T:C
Spleen	eqtl	3.5e-02	+0.80	14:68310714:G:A
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	4.4e-02	+0.34	14:67683217:A:G
Thyroid	sqtl	4.8e-02	+0.87	14:68454120:G:C
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	sqtl	4.9e-02	+0.80	14:68002425:G:A
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	5.0e-02	+0.34	14:67592075:CAG:C

FANTOM5 promoters

6 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
140238	11.5756	1440
140237	1.0510	663
140240	0.6774	301
140239	0.5124	231
140241	0.0202	4
140242	0.0030	1

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 296 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	96.77	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	96.08	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	95.29	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	94.92	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	94.16	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	93.94	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	93.70	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	93.41	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	93.11	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	92.72	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	92.61	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	92.45	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	92.17	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	92.10	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	91.83	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	91.29	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	90.77	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	90.38	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	89.67	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	89.42	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	88.18	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	88.03	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	87.87	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	87.82	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	87.31	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	87.19	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	86.75	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	86.71	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	86.68	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	86.50	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	85.41	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	85.03	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	84.52	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	84.39	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	84.22	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	84.12	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	84.06	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	84.03	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	83.90	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	83.75	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	83.35	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	83.15	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	82.97	silver quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	82.85	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	82.80	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	82.75	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	82.59	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	82.52	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	82.02	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	81.86	silver quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	81.85	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	81.84	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	81.77	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	81.70	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	81.47	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	81.43	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.32	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	81.24	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	81.19	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	80.81	gold quality
skeletal muscle organ	UBERON:0014892	80.81	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	80.80	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	80.73	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	80.67	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	80.48	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	80.36	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	80.23	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	79.99	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	79.78	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	79.77	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	79.76	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	79.74	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	79.62	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	79.45	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	79.42	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	79.35	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	79.34	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	79.31	gold quality
central nervous system	UBERON:0001017	79.30	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	79.29	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	79.26	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	79.15	silver quality
forebrain	UBERON:0001890	79.13	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	79.10	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	78.90	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	78.63	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	78.44	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	78.23	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	78.19	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	77.89	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	77.49	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	77.26	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	77.15	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	76.91	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	76.88	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	76.79	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	76.79	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	76.78	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	76.70	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	76.66	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-119	yes	22.58
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 78 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Parathyroid gland	tissue	206.5	high
Prostate	tissue	101.8	high
Thyroid gland	tissue	97.9	low
Kidney	tissue	59.7	high
Tongue	tissue	49.2
Pituitary gland	tissue	47.4
Cerebral cortex	tissue	21.1	low
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	21.1
Retina	tissue	20.7
Skeletal muscle	tissue	20.2	low
Occipital cortex	tissue	18.4
Temporal cortex	tissue	18.1
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	17.6
Hippocampal formation	tissue	17.3
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	17.3
Motor cortex	tissue	17.1
Caudate putamen	tissue	16.9
Basal ganglia	tissue	16.8	low
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	16.8
Urinary bladder	tissue	16.6	not detected
Cervix	tissue	16.0	low
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	15.6
Septum	tissue	15.5
Putamen	tissue	14.5
Small intestine	tissue	14.4	high
Ventral forebrain	tissue	14.4
Olfactory bulb	tissue	14.3
Cerebellum	tissue	14.2	low
Insular cortex	tissue	14.2
Thalamus	tissue	14.0
Locus coeruleus	tissue	13.8
Pons	tissue	13.7
Amygdala	tissue	13.2
Hypothalamus	tissue	12.0
Superior colliculi	tissue	11.8
Midbrain	tissue	11.5
Salivary gland	tissue	11.2	not detected
Vagina	tissue	11.0	not detected
Choroid plexus	tissue	10.4
Medulla oblongata	tissue	10.2
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	9.8
Substantia nigra	tissue	9.5
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	8.8
Gallbladder	tissue	8.7	low
Spinal cord	tissue	8.6
Placenta	tissue	8.3	low
Esophagus	tissue	7.3	low
Adrenal gland	tissue	6.9	not detected
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	6.8
Endometrium 1	tissue	6.5	medium
Hippocampus	tissue	5.5	low
Seminal vesicle	tissue	5.4	low
Corpus callosum	tissue	4.9
Pancreas	tissue	4.8	low
Breast	tissue	4.5	not detected
Smooth muscle	tissue	3.5	not detected
Duodenum	tissue	3.5	medium
Epididymis	tissue	3.4	low
Testis	tissue	3.1	not detected
Thymus	tissue	2.8

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 190; highest nTPM — Arcuate nucleus (19.8), Subiculum (16.8), Ventral hippocampus (14.8), Dorsal hippocampus (14.5), Lateral hypothalamic area (10.5).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AR

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting ARG2 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 88 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-4500	99.99	72.72	2367
HSA-MIR-511-3P	99.99	68.85	1467
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-LET-7A-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7B-5P	99.98	72.31	1790
HSA-LET-7C-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7E-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7F-5P	99.98	72.56	1784
HSA-LET-7G-5P	99.98	72.37	1784
HSA-LET-7I-5P	99.98	72.37	1788
HSA-MIR-98-5P	99.98	72.33	1787
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-LET-7D-5P	99.96	71.76	1632
HSA-MIR-4458	99.96	71.64	1650
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227
HSA-MIR-1-3P	99.93	72.35	1914
HSA-MIR-206	99.93	72.50	1893
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-124-3P	99.89	73.74	3043
HSA-MIR-506-3P	99.89	73.55	3057
HSA-MIR-548D-3P	99.87	70.67	4362
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P	99.86	70.58	4354
HSA-MIR-548AC	99.84	70.77	4351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-548Z	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-1321	99.84	65.30	1811
HSA-MIR-4739	99.84	65.25	1832

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.00209, LOEUF 0.78, missense Z 1.29 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000261783 — one region, missense o/e 0.89.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Plays a physiological role in male and female sexual arousal (PMID:12859189)
• Increased arginase II expression and activity in pulmonary arterial hypertension. (PMID:15364894)
• ArgII gene is an early IRF-3-regulated gene, which participates in the interferon-independent antiviral response through polyamine production and induction of apoptosis. (PMID:15955070)
• The Asn149–>Asp mutation is proposed to generate a conformational change responsible for the altered substrate specificity of arginase II. (PMID:16128822)
• Increasing L-Arg for NO synthesis by either arginase inhibition or direct L-Arg supplementation restores the age-related deficit in reflex cutaneous vasodilatation. (PMID:16675494)
• observed in both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (PMID:16720041)
• Increased arginase II expression & activity suggest a potential pathogenic role for platelet arginase and altered arginine and polyamine metabolism in sickle cell disease. (PMID:17353439)
• arginase II expression may play a role in prostate cancer progression (PMID:18202758)
• Cocoa flavonols lower ARG2 activity in endothelial cells in vitro and erythrocytes in vov. (PMID:18348861)
• ARG2 is expressed in lung cancer, but it does not induce tumor immune escape and does not affect disease progression, most probably due to the lack of concomitant NOS expression. (PMID:18528866)
• ARG1 and ARG2 loci are associated with childhood asthma. The association between ARG1 variation and asthma might depend on atopy and ambient ozone levels. (PMID:19281908)
• siRNA silencing of arginase-II but did not inhibit the up-regulation of endothelial VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin by TNFalpha (PMID:19284655)
• [Review] Arginase is constitutively expressed in endothelial cells, but expression of the specific isoforms differs among mammalian species. Although some arginase I has been detected in human endothelial cells, the predominant isoform is arginase II. (PMID:19508396)
• Arginase AI activity and its mRNA level were significantly decreased in cirrhotic liver, whereas the activity and expression of arginase AII were concurrently raised, as compared to normal liver. (PMID:19636440)
• Increased arginase expression in preeclampsia can induce uncoupling of NOS as a source of superoxide in the maternal vasculature in preeclampsia. (PMID:19684035)
• These data support our hypothesis that hypoxia increases proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through the induction of arginase II. (PMID:19801451)
• There was an overexpression of arginase II in anorexia nervosa patients. (PMID:20071203)
• Arginase contributes significantly to L-proline supply for collagen synthesis in rat fibroblasts, in which arginase I is the predominant isoenzyme, but not in human fibroblasts, in which arginase II is the only isoenzyme expressed (PMID:20107769)
• Association of ARG2 gene polymorphism is present in adult asthma, has lower reversibility specific with beta2 agonists. It is also associated with asthma severity, severe airway hyperresponsiveness, and less long-term response to inhaled corticosteroids. (PMID:20124949)
• gene silencing changed promotes apoptosis and reduced expression of cell proliferation markers in thyroid cancer cells (PMID:20542107)
• androgen-regulated immunosuppressive pathway in human PCa through the expression of ARG1, ARG2 and IL-8 (PMID:20711410)
• The alteration of arginase activity between colostrum and mature milk may be a consequence of the transfer of arginase from the blood of the breast mother mammary glands into the colostrum and mature milk (PMID:20853600)
• In human lung microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia upregulates arginase activity as well as mRNA and protein levels of arginase II. Inhibition of arginase II by small interfering RNA or by the inhibitor BEC enhanced NO levels. (PMID:20861464)
• Sequence variations in the NOS2A and ARG2 loci were globally associated with exhaled nitric oxide (PMID:21039601)
• Delineate a clearer path from OxLDL through the endothelial cell LOX-1 receptor, RhoA, and ROCK, to the activation of arginase II, downregulation of NO, and vascular dysfunction in atherosclerosis. (PMID:21130456)
• This study demomistrated that H3K4me3 modification plays an important role in up regulation of ARG2 in prefrontal cortex. (PMID:22008221)
• DDIT3, STT3A, ARG2 and FAM129A immunohistochemistry does not appear to be useful in the diagnosis of thyroid follicular neoplasias, as they do not reliably distinguish follicular thyroid carcinoma from follicular thyroid adenoma. (PMID:22157935)
• has a vascular role in placental vessels counteracting the NOS-dependent relaxation (PMID:22391327)
• The inhibition of arginase II protein was found to be mediated by exchange protein directly activated by cAMP. (PMID:22447968)
• Data suggest that exposure to particulate matter (i.e., air pollutants) upregulates arginase II (but not arginase I) activity and expression in bronchial epithelial cells, in part, via epidermal growth factor-dependent signaling. (PMID:22712848)
• arginase-II (ARG2) was expressed by 60 percent of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas; the absence of ARG2 expression was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival (PMID:22815199)
• Endothelial eNOS/arginase imbalance contributes to vascular dysfunction in IUGR umbilical and placental vessels. (PMID:23122700)
• Gene expression studies have identified altered expression of arginase 2 in suicide completers with a history of mood disorders. (PMID:23260169)
• presence of ARG2-expressing CAFs is an indicator of poor prognosis, as well as hypoxia, in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PMID:23424623)
• Enzymes that are directly involved in the formation of urea are expressed in ocular tissues. (PMID:23740519)
• Arg-II promotes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to VSMC senescence/apoptosis through complex positive crosstalk among S6K1-JNK, ERK, p66Shc, and p53, contributing to atherosclerotic vulnerability phenotype. (PMID:23832324)
• Maternal hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy alters umbilical vein reactivity because of fetal endothelial dysfunction associated with arginase and eNOS signaling imbalance. (PMID:23950140)
• Data indicate that arginase II (Arg II) expressions were higher in breast tumor tissues compared to the matched normal. (PMID:24223914)
• We speculate that cytomegalovirus may contribute to endothelial dysfunction via ARG II induction and reduced eNOS production. (PMID:24442486)
• HDAC2 is a critical regulator of Arg2 expression and thereby endothelial nitric oxide and endothelial function. (PMID:24833798)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	arg2	ENSDARG00000039269
mus_musculus	Arg2	ENSMUSG00000021125
rattus_norvegicus	Arg2	ENSRNOG00000053811
drosophila_melanogaster	arg	FBGN0023535

Paralogs (2): AGMAT (ENSG00000116771), ARG1 (ENSG00000118520)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1330806) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 12 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
kyphosis	1
lordosis	1
abnormal heart morphology	1
enlarged heart	1
abnormal heart shape	1
abnormal spleen morphology	1
small spleen	1
abnormal thymus morphology	1
enlarged thymus	1
decreased exploration in new environment	1
abnormal spine curvature	1
increased circulating arginine level	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Brucella melitensis bv. 1 str. 16M	P0A2X9	100.0%	Diamond
Brucella suis 1330	P0A2Y0	100.0%	Diamond
Brucella abortus bv. 1 str. 9-941	P0A2Y1	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL	P60086	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50	P60087	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315	P60088	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MSSA476	Q6G7E9	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2	Q8NVE3	100.0%	Diamond
Coccidioides posadasii C735 delta SOWgp	P40906	99.4%	Diamond
Coccidioides immitis RS	Q1E180	99.4%	Diamond
Xenopus laevis	Q91553	99.4%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252	Q6GER3	94.0%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q58DL1	92.4%	Diamond
Oryctolagus cuniculus	Q95KM0	91.3%	Diamond
Sus scrofa	Q95JC8	89.8%	Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-	P37818	87.9%	Diamond
Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4	Q12611	75.3%	Diamond
Neurospora crassa OR74A	P33280	71.6%	Diamond
Aquarana catesbeiana	P49900	71.0%	Diamond
Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140	Q6CLS8	70.5%	Diamond
Eremothecium gossypii ATCC 10895	Q74ZW4	70.5%	Diamond
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	P39138	70.1%	Diamond
[Bacillus] caldovelox	P53608	70.1%	Diamond
Brevibacillus brevis	Q7M0Z3	65.8%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	P00812	65.5%	Diamond
Plasmodium berghei ANKA	A0A509AF89	63.6%	Diamond
Agrobacterium fabrum str. C58	P14012	63.3%	Diamond
Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Q8I384	63.1%	Diamond
Glaciozyma antarctica PI12	A0A2R2JFW7	54.3%	Diamond
Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS	C4LSS0	36.6%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
GPHN	protein-coding	10243
TMEM229B	protein-coding	161145
PIGH	protein-coding	5283
PLEKHH1	protein-coding	57475
VTI1B	protein-coding	10490
RDH12	protein-coding	145226
RDH11	protein-coding	51109
MIR5694	ncRNA	100847064
LINC02290	ncRNA	105370540
GARIN2	protein-coding	161142
EIF2S1	protein-coding	1965
ZFYVE26	protein-coding	23503
PLEK2	protein-coding	26499
CCDC196	protein-coding	440184
ATP6V1D	protein-coding	51382
PALS1	protein-coding	64398

Protein

Protein identifiers

Arginase-2, mitochondrial — P78540 (reviewed: P78540)

Alternative names: Arginase II, Kidney-type arginase, Non-hepatic arginase, Type II arginase

All UniProt accessions (1): P78540

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a role in the regulation of extra-urea cycle arginine metabolism and also in down-regulation of nitric oxide synthesis. Extrahepatic arginase functions to regulate L-arginine bioavailability to nitric oxid synthase (NOS). Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Seems to be involved in negative regulation of the survival capacity of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. May suppress inflammation-related signaling in asthmatic airway epithelium. May contribute to the immune evasion of H.pylori by restricting M1 macrophage activation and polyamine metabolism. In fetal dendritic cells may play a role in promoting immune suppression and T cell TNF production during gestation. Regulates RPS6KB1 signaling, which promotes endothelial cell senescence and inflammation and implicates NOS3/eNOS dysfunction. Can inhibit endothelial autophagy independently of its enzymatic activity implicating mTORC2 signaling. Involved in vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and apoptosis independently of its enzymatic activity. Since NOS is found in the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, the clitoral corpus cavernosum and the vagina, arginase-2 plays a role in both male and female sexual arousal.

Subunit / interactions. Homotrimer.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Expressed most strongly in kidney and prostate, much less strongly in the brain, skeletal muscle, placenta, lung, mammary gland, macrophage, uterus, testis and gut, but apparently not in the liver, heart and pancreas. Expressed in activated T cells.

Cofactor. Binds 2 manganese ions per subunit.

Pathway. Nitrogen metabolism; urea cycle; L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine: step 1/1.

Similarity. Belongs to the arginase family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001163* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR006035	Ureohydrolase	Family
IPR014033	Arginase	Family
IPR020855	Ureohydrolase_Mn_BS	Binding_site
IPR023696	Ureohydrolase_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00491

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 3.5.3.1 — arginase (BRENDA: 62 organisms, 63 substrates, 320 inhibitors, 146 Km, 104 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

11 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 11. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
L-ARGININE	0.02–171.9	120
L-ARG	0.69–130	14
L-PHENYLALANINE	22.1–57.5	3
1-NITRO-3-GUANIDINOBENZENE	1.6	1
4-GUANIDINO-2-NITROPHENYLACETIC ACID	0.01	1
4-GUANIDINO-3-NITROBENZOIC ACID	0.007	1
AGMATINE	2.5	1
L-CANAVANINE	22.2	1
L-THIOARGININE	0.5	1
S-(4-AMINOBUTYL)ISOTHIOUREA	4	1
THIOGUANIDINO-VALERIC ACID	2.1	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• L-arginine + H2O = urea + L-ornithine (RHEA:20569)

UniProt features (54 total): helix 21, binding site 13, strand 13, turn 3, transit peptide 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

18 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
4HZE	Crystal structure of human Arginase-2 complexed with inhibitor 9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.6
8RG6	Arginase 2 in complex with inhibitor	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.62
8RFA	Arginase 2 in complex with an inhibitor	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.76
4I06	Crystal structure of human Arginase-2 complexed with inhibitor 14	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
8RGF	Arginase 2 in complex with inhibitor	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.86
4IXU	Crystal structure of human Arginase-2 complexed with inhibitor 11d: …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
8RGU	Arginase 2 in complex with inhibitor	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
8RIM	Arginase 2 in complex with inhibitor	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
9FRV	Arginase 2 in complex with inhibitor	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.06
4IE2	Crystal structure of human Arginase-2 complexed with inhibitor 1h	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.21
6Q37	Complex of Arginase 2 with Example 23	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.21
6Q39	Complex of Arginase 2 with Example 49	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.21
4IXV	Crystal structure of human Arginase-2 complexed with inhibitor 2d: …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
4IE3	Crystal structure of human Arginase-2 complexed with inhbitor 1o	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.35
6SS2	Structure of arginase-2 in complex with the inhibitory human antigen-binding fragment Fab …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
1PQ3	Human Arginase II: Crystal Structure and Physiological Role in Male and Female Sexual …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
6SS4	Structure of arginase-2 in complex with the inhibitory human antigen-binding fragment Fab …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9
6SS6	Structure of arginase-2 in complex with the inhibitory human antigen-binding fragment Fab …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.25

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P78540-F1	92.55	0.86

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab)

3 antibodies co-crystallized with this protein: 6SS2, 6SS4, 6SS6

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Hydrolases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Cancer-related genes, Candidate cancer biomarkers

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): mitochondria

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (13)

Position	Role
202	substrate
251	Mn(2+)
253	Mn(2+)
265	substrate
296	substrate
120	Mn(2+)
143	Mn(2+)
145–149	substrate
145	Mn(2+)
147	Mn(2+)
156–158	substrate

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 curated (TAS) of 5; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

5 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-9837999	Mitochondrial protein degradation	curated
R-HSA-70635	Urea cycle	curated
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-71291	Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives	—
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins	—

MSigDB gene sets: 308 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, TONKS_TARGETS_OF_RUNX1_RUNX1T1_FUSION_MONOCYTE_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ALPHA_BETA_T_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_APOPTOTIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, PEREZ_TP63_TARGETS, GOBP_ALPHA_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LYMPHOCYTE_APOPTOTIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_KIDNEY_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_CELLULAR_SENESCENCE

GO Biological Process (21): urea cycle (GO:0000050), ureteric bud development (GO:0001657), adaptive immune response (GO:0002250), negative regulation of type 2 immune response (GO:0002829), arginine metabolic process (GO:0006525), nitric oxide biosynthetic process (GO:0006809), regulation of interleukin-1 beta production (GO:0032651), negative regulation of interleukin-13 production (GO:0032696), negative regulation of interleukin-17 production (GO:0032700), negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production (GO:0032720), innate immune response (GO:0045087), negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production (GO:0071641), negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production (GO:0071644), negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production (GO:0071650), negative regulation of defense response to bacterium (GO:1900425), regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process (GO:1903426), negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process (GO:1905403), negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation (GO:2000562), positive regulation of cellular senescence (GO:2000774), immune system process (GO:0002376), negative regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051241)

GO Molecular Function (6): arginase activity (GO:0004053), manganese ion binding (GO:0030145), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787), hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amidines (GO:0016813), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)

Reactome top-level categories

3 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives	1
Metabolism of proteins	1
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

59 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
negative regulation of chemokine production	3
biosynthetic process	2
immune response	2
negative regulation of cytokine production	2
urea metabolic process	1
mesonephric tubule development	1
regulation of type 2 immune response	1
type 2 immune response	1
negative regulation of immune response	1
amino acid metabolic process	1
carboxylic acid metabolic process	1
nitric oxide metabolic process	1
interleukin-1 beta production	1
regulation of interleukin-1 production	1
interleukin-13 production	1
regulation of interleukin-13 production	1
interleukin-17 production	1
regulation of interleukin-17 production	1
tumor necrosis factor production	1
regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	1
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production	1
defense response to symbiont	1
macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha production	1
regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production	1
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production	1
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production	1
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production	1
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production	1
negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus	1
negative regulation of defense response	1
negative regulation of response to external stimulus	1
defense response to bacterium	1
regulation of defense response to bacterium	1
regulation of biosynthetic process	1
reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	1
regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	1
negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process	1
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process	1
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process	1
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	1
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation	1
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation	1
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
cellular senescence	1
regulation of cellular senescence	1
biological_process	1
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amidines	1
transition metal ion binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
mitochondrion	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 4 of 30 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

4 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	BP	mutant phenotype
positive regulation of cellular senescence	BP	direct assay
mitochondrion	CC	direct assay
arginase activity	MF	mutant phenotype

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 2,546 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ARG2	OAT	P04181	965
ARG2	PYCR1	P32322	821
ARG2	IL10	P22301	815
ARG2	SLC7A2	P52569	810
ARG2	ASS1	P00966	792
ARG2	ASL	P04424	775
ARG2	ODC1	P11926	764
ARG2	OTC	P00480	760
ARG2	IL4	P05112	726
ARG2	AZIN2	Q96A70	713
ARG2	IDO1	P14902	700
ARG2	NOS2	P35228	679
ARG2	IFNG	P01579	676
ARG2	SRM	P19623	676
ARG2	TGFB1	P01137	675

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ARG2 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

8 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
FOXD4L6	physical association	0.560	3
ARG1	physical association	0.400	2
BAG5	physical association	0.400	1
DDX59	physical association	0.400	1
NT5E	physical association	0.400	1
STK11	physical association	0.370	1
DHX34	association	0.350	1
CLIC6	physical association	0.000	1

BioGRID (22 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): ARG1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CLPP (Proximity Label-MS; 2 records), MATN4 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), BAG5 (Affinity Capture-MS), C1QBP (Proximity Label-MS), CAND1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CLIC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CLIC6 (Two-hybrid), CPT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDX59 (Affinity Capture-MS), DHX34 (Affinity Capture-MS), GFM1 (Proximity Label-MS), HNRNPH1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), HSCB (Affinity Capture-MS), NT5E (Affinity Capture-MS)

SIGNOR signaling

1 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
AR	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ARG2	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ARG2: 75 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic).

ClinVar

75 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	60
Likely benign	3
Benign	1

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 37 predictions of 703):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
14:67620089–67620090	donor_loss	1.0000	5
14:67642184–67642185	acceptor_loss	1.0000	3
14:67642364–67642365	donor_loss	1.0000	5
14:67646642–67646643	acceptor_loss	1.0000	4
14:67646739–67646740	donor_loss	1.0000	2
14:67647026–67647027	donor_loss	1.0000	5
14:67648045–67648046	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
14:67648152	donor_gain	1.0000
14:67648184–67648185	donor_loss	1.0000	5
14:67650714	acceptor_loss	1.0000	2

AlphaMissense

782 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,283 scored), across 214 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
D147	8	0.989	0.997
D253	8	0.989	0.996
D251	8	0.988	0.996
D143	8	0.985	0.995
D119	8	0.983	0.994
H145	8	0.981	0.992
H120	8	0.977	0.991
H160	8	0.962	0.988
D293	8	0.941	0.981
H247	8	0.931	0.994
D223	8	0.897	0.944
D256	8	0.876	0.957
D202	8	0.873	0.942
M219	8	0.811	0.935
D67	8	0.806	0.933
E296	7	0.986	0.995
W141	7	0.979	0.997
E205	7	0.960	0.990
W183	7	0.949	0.988
E275	7	0.942	0.984

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Cancer enhanced (Prostate Adenocarcinoma)

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

3 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (validation)	favorable	3.17e-06
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (validation)	favorable	0.000403
Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.000533

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:107830 | disease phenotypes:

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL1795148 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

Phase ≥1, by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 1,010 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

2 molecules by phase:

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL4218271	NUMIDARGISTAT	2	972
CHEMBL1234777	NOR-NOHA	1	38

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

PharmGKB variant annotations

Per-publication pharmacogenomic findings for this gene (significant associations).

1 published findings:

Variant	Drug(s)	Category	Finding	PMID
rs3742879	Methyldopa	Efficacy	Allele G is associated with increased response to Methyldopa in women with Pregnancy and Pre-Eclampsia as compared to allele A.	PMID:35971863

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Arginase

Most potent curated ligand interactions (2 total), top 2:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid	Inhibition	8.07	pKi
compound 9 [PMID: 23472952]	Inhibition	6.29	pIC50

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

197 measured of 206 human assays (215 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
CHEMBL4764455	IC50	0.1 nM
CHEMBL6161542	IC50	0.1 nM
CHEMBL4793482	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL4749434	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL4755855	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL4750602	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL5193387	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL5184299	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL5176739	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL5171566	IC50	1 nM
CHEMBL5170454	IC50	1 nM
(+)-(R)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((2- fluorobenzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H- tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	3.4 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((2-fluorobenzyl)amino)- 2-oxoethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	9.4 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(2R,4R)-4-amino-2-(4-boronobutyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	IC50	10 nM	US-11420984: Arginase inhibitors and methods of use thereof
(+)-(R)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-oxo-2- (phenethylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	10.5 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((2,3- difluorobenzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H- tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	11.5 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(-)-(S)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((4- chlorobenzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H- tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	12 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(-)-(S)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-oxo-2- (phenethylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	13.2 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-(3-boronopropyl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid	IC50	14 nM
(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((4-chlorobenzyl) amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	14 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(5-Amino-5-(1-(2-oxo-2- (phenethylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	15 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(+)-(R)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-oxo-2-(prop-2- yn-1-ylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	15 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((4-chloro-2- fluorobenzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H- tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	15.5 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
CHEMBL2418830	IC50	17 nM
(5-amino-5-(1-(2-oxo-2-(prop-2-yn-1- ylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	17 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
CHEMBL4757930	IC50	18 nM
CHEMBL5572458	IC50	20 nM
CHEMBL2418831	IC50	21 nM
CHEMBL2418991	IC50	22 nM
CHEMBL4753285	IC50	23 nM
CHEMBL2418829	IC50	24 nM
CHEMBL4752391	IC50	25 nM
(-)-(S)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-oxo-2-(prop-2- yn-1-ylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5- yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	28 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
CHEMBL4778086	IC50	29 nM
CHEMBL4745275	IC50	30 nM
CHEMBL4750174	IC50	31 nM
(-)-(S)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((2- fluorobenzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H- tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	36.4 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
CHEMBL6082888	IC50	39 nM
(+)-(R)-(5-amino-5-(1-(2-((4- chlorobenzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H- tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl)boronic acid	IC50	55 nM	US-11845767: Arginase inhibitors
CHEMBL2326090	IC50	60 nM
(2S,4R)-2-(4-boronobutyl)-4-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	IC50	60 nM	US-11420984: Arginase inhibitors and methods of use thereof
CHEMBL2418828	IC50	80 nM
CHEMBL5276302	IC50	86 nM
3-phenylprop-1-enylboronic acid	KI	89 nM
CHEMBL6102647	IC50	90 nM
(2S,4R)-4-(2-aminoethylamino)-2-(4-boronobutyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	IC50	90 nM	US-11420984: Arginase inhibitors and methods of use thereof
(3R,4S)-3-amino-4-(3-boronopropyl)-1-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	IC50	100 nM
CHEMBL2326087	IC50	100 nM
CHEMBL2418998	IC50	100 nM
CHEMBL5197405	IC50	100 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

243 potent at pChembl≥5 of 263 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
10.00	IC50	0.1	nM	CHEMBL4764455
8.40	IC50	4	nM	CHEMBL4745275
8.15	IC50	7	nM	CHEMBL4749355
8.07	Ki	8.5	nM	CHEMBL1812661
8.07	IC50	8.5	nM	CHEMBL1812661
8.07	Ki	8.5	nM	CHEMBL5723327
8.00	IC50	10	nM	CHEMBL4749355
8.00	IC50	10	nM	CHEMBL5807059
7.82	IC50	15	nM	CHEMBL4757930
7.82	IC50	15	nM	CHEMBL4752307
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL4752307
7.68	IC50	21	nM	CHEMBL4752391
7.68	IC50	21	nM	CHEMBL4753285
7.64	IC50	23	nM	CHEMBL2418831
7.64	IC50	23	nM	CHEMBL5798991
7.62	IC50	24	nM	CHEMBL4778086
7.62	IC50	24	nM	CHEMBL4750174
7.58	IC50	26	nM	CHEMBL6161542
7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL2418830
7.52	Ki	30	nM	CHEMBL4244287
7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL4244287
7.48	IC50	33	nM	CHEMBL2418991
7.41	IC50	39	nM	CHEMBL5572458
7.33	IC50	47	nM	CHEMBL2418829
7.30	IC50	50	nM	CHEMBL2418998
7.29	Ki	51	nM	NOR-NOHA
7.29	IC50	51	nM	NOR-NOHA
7.17	IC50	67	nM	CHEMBL2326090
7.16	IC50	70	nM	CHEMBL2418999
7.16	IC50	70	nM	CHEMBL4858437
7.09	IC50	81	nM	CHEMBL6082888
7.07	IC50	85	nM	CHEMBL2418828
7.05	Ki	89	nM	CHEMBL539140
7.00	IC50	100	nM	CHEMBL4793482
7.00	IC50	100	nM	CHEMBL5171566
6.82	IC50	150	nM	CHEMBL5853762
6.81	IC50	154	nM	CHEMBL6062097
6.72	IC50	190	nM	CHEMBL2326087
6.72	IC50	190	nM	CHEMBL5955172
6.70	IC50	200	nM	CHEMBL5192755
6.70	IC50	200	nM	CHEMBL5170454
6.70	IC50	200	nM	CHEMBL6012295
6.65	IC50	224	nM	CHEMBL6102647
6.64	IC50	230	nM	CHEMBL2418994
6.64	IC50	230	nM	CHEMBL2418993
6.64	IC50	230	nM	CHEMBL6014233
6.62	IC50	240	nM	CHEMBL2418995
6.60	Ki	250	nM	CHEMBL5723327
6.58	IC50	260	nM	CHEMBL5921659
6.57	IC50	270	nM	CHEMBL2326085

PubChem BioAssay actives

116 with measured affinity, of 149 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(3R,4S)-3-amino-1-(2-aminoethylsulfamoyl)-4-(3-boronopropyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1724062: Inhibition of human Arg2	ic50	0.0001	uM
(2R,4S)-4-amino-2-(4-boronobutyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid	1678561: Inhibition of human recombinant arginase 2 expressed in Escherichia coli using thioarginine by Ellman’s assay	ic50	0.0040	uM
(2R,4R)-2-(4-boronobutyl)-4-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	2207511: Inhibition of Arg2 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0070	uM
(2S)-2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid	1724057: Inhibition of human Arg2 at pH 7.5	ki	0.0085	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]propyl]hexanoic acid	1724060: Inhibition of human Arg2 using L-arginine as substrate after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ki	0.0100	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[3-(2-phenylethylamino)propyl]hexanoic acid	1724060: Inhibition of human Arg2 using L-arginine as substrate after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ki	0.0100	uM
(2R,4R)-4-amino-2-(4-boronobutyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	2207511: Inhibition of Arg2 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0150	uM
(2R,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-2-(4-boronobutyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid	1678561: Inhibition of human recombinant arginase 2 expressed in Escherichia coli using thioarginine by Ellman’s assay	ic50	0.0150	uM
(2R,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-aminobutanoyl]amino]-2-(4-boronobutyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid	1678561: Inhibition of human recombinant arginase 2 expressed in Escherichia coli using thioarginine by Ellman’s assay	ic50	0.0210	uM
(2R,4S)-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-2-(4-boronobutyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid	1678561: Inhibition of human recombinant arginase 2 expressed in Escherichia coli using thioarginine by Ellman’s assay	ic50	0.0210	uM
(2R)-2-(4-boronobutyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	2218724: Inhibition of ARG2 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0230	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[8-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.0230	uM
(2R,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-2-(4-boronobutyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid	1678561: Inhibition of human recombinant arginase 2 expressed in Escherichia coli using thioarginine by Ellman’s assay	ic50	0.0240	uM
(2R,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]-2-(4-boronobutyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid	1678561: Inhibition of human recombinant arginase 2 expressed in Escherichia coli using thioarginine by Ellman’s assay	ic50	0.0240	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[3-(3-phenylpropylamino)cyclobutyl]hexanoic acid	2218724: Inhibition of ARG2 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0260	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[8-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.0300	uM
(2R)-2-amino-3-(2-boronoethylsulfanyl)propanoic acid	1724057: Inhibition of human Arg2 at pH 7.5	ki	0.0300	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[8-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.0330	uM
(1R,2S,5R)-1-amino-5-(2-boronoethyl)-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	2218728: Inhibition of human recombinant ARG2 extracted from Escherichia coli	ic50	0.0390	uM
2-amino-2-(8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-boronohexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.0470	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.0500	uM
(2S)-2-amino-4-[[amino-(hydroxyamino)methylidene]amino]butanoic acid	1370773: Inhibition of arginase 2 (unknown origin)	ki	0.0510	uM
(2R)-6-borono-2-(methylamino)-2-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.0670	uM
(2S,3R)-3-(3-boronopropyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	2207511: Inhibition of Arg2 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0700	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-[3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl]piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.0700	uM
(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-(aminomethyl)-6-boronohexanoic acid	2207401: Inhibition of recombinant human Arg2 extracted from Escherichia coli incubated for 30 mins by Ellman’s method	ic50	0.0810	uM
2-amino-2-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-boronohexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.0850	uM
[(E)-3-phenylprop-1-enyl]boronic acid	1929548: Binding affinity to human Arg II	ki	0.0890	uM
(1R,2S,5R)-1-amino-5-(2-boronoethyl)-2-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	1724062: Inhibition of human Arg2	ic50	0.1000	uM
(1R,2S,5R)-1-amino-2-[[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]methyl]-5-(2-boronoethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	1875447: Inhibition of recombinant human ARG2 expressed in Escherichia coli using L-arginine hydrochloride as substrate incubated for 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.1000	uM
(2R,4R)-2-(4-boronobutyl)-4-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	2207511: Inhibition of Arg2 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.1540	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.1900	uM
(1R,2S,5R)-1-amino-2-[[[(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]methyl]-5-(2-boronoethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	1875447: Inhibition of recombinant human ARG2 expressed in Escherichia coli using L-arginine hydrochloride as substrate incubated for 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2000	uM
(1R,2S,5R)-1-amino-2-[[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]methyl]-5-(2-boronoethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	1875447: Inhibition of recombinant human ARG2 expressed in Escherichia coli using L-arginine hydrochloride as substrate incubated for 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2000	uM
(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-(aminomethyl)-6-boronohexanoic acid	2207401: Inhibition of recombinant human Arg2 extracted from Escherichia coli incubated for 30 mins by Ellman’s method	ic50	0.2240	uM
2-amino-2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-6-boronohexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2300	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-(3-methylbutyl)piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2300	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2400	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.2700	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2900	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	1937989: Inhibition of recombinant human ARG2 expressed in Escherichia coli using L-arginine hydrochloride as substrate incubated for 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2900	uM
(3R,4S)-3-amino-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]-4-(3-boronopropyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1724062: Inhibition of human Arg2	ic50	0.2960	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	1937989: Inhibition of recombinant human ARG2 expressed in Escherichia coli using L-arginine hydrochloride as substrate incubated for 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.2960	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.3100	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[2-[methyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.3200	uM
(2R,4R)-4-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-2-(4-boronobutyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	1724065: Inhibition of human Arg2 by TOGA assay	ic50	0.3300	uM
2-amino-6-borono-2-[1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]hexanoic acid	765935: Inhibition of human arginase-2 assessed as L-arginine conversion to L-ornithine measured as urea level after 1 hr by colorimetric assay	ic50	0.3300	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[2-[(2S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]ethyl]hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.3400	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[2-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.3900	uM
(2R)-2-amino-6-borono-2-[2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]hexanoic acid	728412: Inhibition of human recombinant fully active truncated form of arginase 2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as inhibition of urea formation after 60 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.4200	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

102 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Acetaminophen	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	5
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	4
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, increases expression, affects expression	4
Cyclosporine	increases expression	4
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases abundance	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression	3
Doxorubicin	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Estradiol	decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment	3
Oxygen	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, increases expression	3
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	2
2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid	affects binding, decreases activity	2
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Cisplatin	increases expression, decreases response to substance	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression	2
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression, affects reaction, increases activity	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone	affects expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
thymoquinone	increases expression	1
alpha phellandrene	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
deoxynivalenol	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
zinc chloride	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

37 unique, capped per target: 34 binding, 3 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1816206	Binding	Binding affinity to human arginase 2	Binding of α,α-disubstituted amino acids to arginase suggests new avenues for inhibitor design. — *J Med Chem*
CHEMBL4649958	Functional	in vitro enzyme assay to detect the production of urea directly proportional to the activity of Arginase II	University of Dundee, Small-Polar-MMV Screening Library

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_E1QR	HAP1 ARG2 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E1QS	HAP1 ARG2 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E1QT	HAP1 ARG2 (-) 3	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 82 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00793988	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Vibration-Assisted Anaesthesia
NCT01239498	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Saline Injection - Assisted Anesthesia in Eyelid Surgery
NCT02761083	Phase 4	WITHDRAWN	PMCF-study Using Novosyn® Quick Suture Material in Ophthalmic Surgery
NCT04007276	Phase 4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	The Effect of Lumify™ on Ocular Redness, Intraocular Pressure, and Eyelid Position in Glaucoma Patients
NCT07390578	Phase 4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Upneeq vs. Lumify Ptosis
NCT01908972	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Safety and Efficiency of Propranolol as an Initial Treatment for Pediatric Hemangioma
NCT04077515	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Low-dose Sirolimus to Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
NCT02436759	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Study of the Safety and Efficacy of RVL-1201 in the Treatment of Acquired Blepharoptosis
NCT03536949	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Study of Safety of RVL-1201 in Treatment of Blepharoptosis
NCT03565887	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Study of Safety and Efficacy of RVL-1201 in the Treatment of Blepharoptosis
NCT05945615	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Oxymetazoline Drops for Acquired Blepharoptosis From Synkinesis
NCT06683651	Phase 3	RECRUITING	A Study in Chinese Patients With Acquired Blepharoptosis
NCT06514612	Phase 3	RECRUITING	LIDRISE Study: A Phase 3 Study on the Efficacy and Safety of STN1013800 (Oxymetazoline HCl 0.1% Eye Drops, Single Dose) in the Treatment of Acquired Blepharoptosis.
NCT00312520	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Pulse Steroids Versus Oral Steroids in Problematic Hemangiomas of Infancy
NCT01685398	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Topical Timolol for Superficial Infantile Hemangioma
NCT01743885	Phase 3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol Versus Acebutolol on the Proliferative Phase of Infantile Hemangioma
NCT02342275	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol Versus Atenolol on the Proliferative Phase of Infantile Hemangioma
NCT03266081	Phase 2	WITHDRAWN	Bupivacaine Epiphora Trial
NCT00555464	Phase 2	TERMINATED	Clinical Trial of Vincristine vs. Prednisolone for Treatment of Complicated Hemangiomas
NCT01072045	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Comparative Study of the Use of Beta Blocker and Oral Corticosteroid in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma
NCT01074437	Phase 2	TERMINATED	Corticosteroids With Placebo Versus Corticosteroids With Propranolol Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas (IH)
NCT02145884	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Topical Timolol Gel for the Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas
NCT02731287	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Topical Timolol for Infantile Hemangioma in Early Proliferative Phase
NCT07477548	Phase 2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus in Patients With Teratment-refractory Vascular Anomalies
NCT02496013	Phase 1	UNKNOWN	Clinical Translation of a Novel Albumin-Binding PET Radiotracer 68Ga-NEB
NCT02878694	Phase 2/3	TERMINATED	Treatment of Ptosis to Muscular Dystrophy Oculopharyngeal by Myoblast Autologous Graft
NCT05358977	Phase 2/3	UNKNOWN	Fibrin Sealant in Eyelid Surgery
NCT01848041	Phase 1/2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of RVL-1201 in Acquired Blepharoptosis
NCT05715346	Phase 1/2	COMPLETED	LEV102 Topical Gel in Acquired Blepharoptosis
NCT04807855	Early Phase 1	COMPLETED	Custom Print Megnetic Levator Prosthesis Pilot Comparison
NCT06911216	Early Phase 1	COMPLETED	A Pharmacokinetics (PK) Study in Healthy Adults
NCT00816270	Not specified	TERMINATED	Liquid Bandage (2-Octyl-Cyanoacrylate) in Upper Lid Blepharoplasty
NCT00864656	Not specified	COMPLETED	Eyelid Position Interdependence in Involutional Ptosis Patients Submitted to 10% Phenylephrine
NCT01350024	Not specified	COMPLETED	Comparison of Postoperative Pain With Two Different Types of Local Anesthesia in Surgery for a Drooping Eyelid
NCT01430247	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vision Screening for the Detection of Amblyopia
NCT01968174	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Astigmatic Changes Secondary to Eyelid Surgeries
NCT02201979	Not specified	COMPLETED	Laser Fluorescent Imaging of Nipple and Areola During Breast Lift
NCT02226016	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Levator Muscle Strength Evaluation
NCT02367677	Not specified	COMPLETED	Digital Photographs to Evaluate Blepharoptosis
NCT02376556	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Effect of Eyelid Surgery on Dry Eye - a Prospective Study
NCT02501187	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Risk of Dry Eye Post Different Surgeries for Blepharoptosis Repair
NCT02638610	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Assessment of Changes of Periocular Skin Sensation Following Eyelid and Ocular Surface Surgeries
NCT02959697	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Subconjunctival Injection of Local Anesthetic in Anterior Blepharoptosis Repair
NCT02988856	Not specified	COMPLETED	Magnetic Correction of Eye Lid Paralysis
NCT03149367	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Surgical Management of Blepharoptosis
NCT03239418	Not specified	TERMINATED	NMES to Improve Eyelid Functions in Cranial Nerve (CN) III and VII Palsy
NCT03375879	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Bandage Contact Lens in Post Operative Ptosis Patients
NCT03812016	Not specified	RECRUITING	A Feedback-enabled Magnetic Device for Temporary Management of Blepharoptosis
NCT03818204	Not specified	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial to Improve the Magnetic Levator Prosthesis
NCT04214379	Not specified	COMPLETED	Management of Severe Congenital Blepharoptosis
NCT04235803	Not specified	COMPLETED	Telemedicine Follow-up for Routine, Low-Risk Oculoplastic Surgery
NCT04678115	Not specified	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial Comparing Two Non-Surgical Treatments for Severe Blepharoptosis
NCT04714424	Not specified	COMPLETED	Comparing Vision Tests in a Virtual Reality Headset to Existing Analogues
NCT04883853	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Newly Modified Technique for Levator Muscle Tucking in Blepharoptosis Surgery: An Egyptian Tertiary Center Study
NCT05746078	Not specified	RECRUITING	Performance and Safety Assessment of SPRING THREAD® Elastic Tensor Thread in Patients with Mild to Moderate Facial Ptosis.
NCT06047418	Not specified	COMPLETED	Blepharoptosis in Indonesia: A 5-Year Multicenter Study on Characteristics and Surgical Evaluation
NCT06292182	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Red Light Ptosis Proof-of-Concept
NCT07534436	Not specified	RECRUITING	A Prospective Cohort Study on Visual Function and Psychological Conditions Before and After Surgery for Congenital Ptosis
NCT07821450	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Blepharoptosis After Repeated Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections: A Prospective Study
NCT01147601	Early Phase 1	TERMINATED	Topical Timolol 0.5% Solution for Proliferating Infantile Hemangiomas

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for ARG2 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.