ARL15

Summary

ARL15 (ARF like GTPase 15, HGNC:25945) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q11.2, encoding ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 15 (Q9NXU5).

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Located in extracellular exosome.

Source: NCBI Gene 54622 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 83
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 33 total — 2 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_019087

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25945
Approved symbol	ARL15
Name	ARF like GTPase 15
Location	5q11.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ20051
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000185305
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	54622

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 3 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000502271, ENST00000504924, ENST00000505383, ENST00000505630, ENST00000507646, ENST00000510591

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_019087 NM_019087

CCDS: CCDS54850

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000504924 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002034241	53883942	53886713
ENSE00003524516	54154580	54154639
ENSE00003545956	54310432	54310573
ENSE00003577189	54113202	54113410
ENSE00003618864	54171784	54171928

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 257 present calls, max score 96.42.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 22.5584 / max 570.0253, expressed in 1799 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
61651	10.8499	1749
61650	8.2043	1682
61649	2.0236	1015
61648	1.0807	680
61646	0.2479	102
61647	0.1520	70

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	96.42	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	94.21	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.31	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	91.74	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	91.48	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	91.33	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	91.00	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	90.17	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	89.82	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	89.75	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	89.65	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	89.62	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	89.38	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	89.23	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	88.67	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	88.55	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	88.27	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	88.27	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	88.12	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	87.86	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	87.47	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	87.37	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	87.37	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.07	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	87.03	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	86.85	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	86.85	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	86.59	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	86.45	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	86.34	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 7.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-11268	yes	14550.78
E-ANND-2	yes	11176.09
E-GEOD-131882	yes	5812.06
E-CURD-119	yes	5383.78
E-GEOD-135922	yes	368.18
E-ANND-3	yes	4.68
E-MTAB-10137	yes	4.62

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

144 targeting ARL15, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-6758-5P	100.00	66.21	1470
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-6856-5P	100.00	65.47	1298
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-3667-3P	99.99	67.17	1636
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-4531	99.99	69.70	3181
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-3688-3P	99.97	72.02	2834
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-6888-3P	99.97	65.95	1170
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-128-3P	99.95	71.17	2484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P	99.95	71.19	2505

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 12)

• findings identify a novel protein, ARL15, which influences circulating adiponectin levels and may impact upon CHD risk (PMID:20011104)
• In this first GWAS of rheumatoid arthritis among North Indians, ARL15 emerged as a novel genetic risk factor in addition to the classic HLA locus. (PMID:23918589)
• The SNPs in ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 15 (ARL15) and the T-cadherin (CDH13) genes did not exhibit significant association with individual metabolic traits in the T2DM and NDM groups. (PMID:24688318)
• These findings indicated that there may be a racial/ethnic- and/or sex-specific association of the ARL15 rs6450176 single nucleotide polymorphism and serum lipid levels. (PMID:26722494)
• ARL15 plays a role in adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion (PMID:29242557)
• The ARL15 and HLA-DMA gene polymorphisms are associated with RA risk in Northwestern Han Chinese population. (PMID:29382430)
• ARL15 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) play likely role in inflammation and metabolic syndromes through a TNF independent pathway. (PMID:29465355)
• Computational insight into the three-dimensional structure of ADP ribosylation factor like protein 15, a novel susceptibility gene for rheumatoid arthritis. (PMID:33356902)
• Magnesium homeostasis is regulated by ARL15 through N-glycosylations of CNNMs. (PMID:34089346)
• Correlation between an intronic SNP genotype and ARL15 level in rheumatoid arthritis. (PMID:34187973)
• Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor-like 15 can regulate glycolysis and lipogenesis related genes in colon cancer. (PMID:36302536)
• ARL15 and its Multiple Disease Association: Emerging Functions and Potential Therapeutic Application. (PMID:37718516)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	arl15b	ENSDARG00000057995
danio_rerio	arl15a	ENSDARG00000076040
mus_musculus	Arl15	ENSMUSG00000042348
rattus_norvegicus	Arl15	ENSRNOG00000068448

Paralogs (30): ARF5 (ENSG00000004059), SAR1A (ENSG00000079332), ARFRP1 (ENSG00000101246), TRIM23 (ENSG00000113595), ARL6 (ENSG00000113966), ARL1 (ENSG00000120805), ARL4A (ENSG00000122644), ARL8B (ENSG00000134108), ARF3 (ENSG00000134287), ARL3 (ENSG00000138175), ARL5C (ENSG00000141748), ARF1 (ENSG00000143761), ARL8A (ENSG00000143862), ARL11 (ENSG00000152213), SAR1B (ENSG00000152700), ARL5A (ENSG00000162980), ARF6 (ENSG00000165527), ARL5B (ENSG00000165997), ARF4 (ENSG00000168374), ARL13B (ENSG00000169379), ARL13A (ENSG00000174225), ARL10 (ENSG00000175414), ARL4D (ENSG00000175906), ARL14 (ENSG00000179674), ARL17A (ENSG00000185829), ARL4C (ENSG00000188042), ARL9 (ENSG00000196503), ARL2 (ENSG00000213465), ARL16 (ENSG00000214087), ARL17B (ENSG00000228696)

Protein

Protein identifiers

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 15 — Q9NXU5 (reviewed: Q9NXU5)

Alternative names: ADP-ribosylation factor-related protein 2

All UniProt accessions (3): Q9NXU5, A0A0B4J222, R4GN67

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Similarity. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_061960* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR006689	Small_GTPase_ARF/SAR	Family
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042292	ARL15	Family

Pfam: PF00025

UniProt features (18 total): helix 7, strand 5, binding site 3, chain 1, turn 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8F6D	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NXU5-F1	88.12	0.73

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 39–46; 82–86; 142–145

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 160 (showing top): GCACCTT_MIR18A_MIR18B, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HORMONE_LEVELS, TATTATA_MIR374, GOBP_BONE_MINERALIZATION, GOBP_CRANIAL_SKELETAL_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_OSSIFICATION, GOBP_CONNECTIVE_TISSUE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_ADIPOSE_TISSUE_DEVELOPMENT, chr5q11, MARSON_BOUND_BY_FOXP3_UNSTIMULATED, GOMF_GTPASE_ACTIVITY, GOMF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_ACID_ANHYDRIDES, DUTERTRE_ESTRADIOL_RESPONSE_24HR_DN, FIGUEROA_AML_METHYLATION_CLUSTER_4_UP

GO Biological Process (1): biological_process (GO:0008150)

GO Molecular Function (5): GTPase activity (GO:0003924), GTP binding (GO:0005525), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), molecular_function (GO:0003674), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (1): extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
guanyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
binding	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1883 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ARL15	ANKRD55	Q3KP44	581
ARL15	LYPLAL1	Q5VWZ2	581
ARL15	FAM13A	O94988	546
ARL15	GRB14	Q14449	542
ARL15	PEPD	P12955	506
ARL15	PTP4A1	Q93096	506
ARL15	PTP4A2	Q12974	499
ARL15	MBLAC2	Q68D91	483
ARL15	GXYLT2	A0PJZ3	453
ARL15	PTPRO	Q16827	449
ARL15	COBLL1	Q53SF7	447
ARL15	SNAPIN	O95295	435
ARL15	ADIPOQ	Q15848	433
ARL15	CNNM1	Q9NRU3	431
ARL15	ZNF664	Q8N3J9	416

IntAct

57 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
UNC119	ARL15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
PDE6D	ARL15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
UBE2K	ZFTRAF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.620
MEOX2	ARL15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ARL15	SLC25A20	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PICK1	ILVBL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PTP4A1	ATE1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TRPV2	ARL15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
SLC37A3	CYB5R3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZNF333	ASPM	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	HLA-C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HCST	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
S100A2	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
APBA1	KIF2A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CALML3	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC39A7	AIP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NHERF1	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CD160	PLXNB2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZDHHC11	TSPAN15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC37A3	APOB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ARL15	OXSR1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (133): CNNM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IREB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM7 (Affinity Capture-MS), LONRF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARL15 (Affinity Capture-MS), FBXO10 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNNM4 (Affinity Capture-MS), TYW1B (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC25A20 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNNM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARL15 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARL15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RTEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NOMO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AGPAT3 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A5C7, A5D7B1, A6H7A0, A6NCF5, A6QLN9, A8MUP2, D3YYU8, D3ZZ80, O43688, O75147, O88843, P08887, Q14CX5, Q3SZQ2, Q3UHH2, Q58CT4, Q5EA19, Q5R4Q7, Q5R7S9, Q5RCI5, Q5RFN0, Q5SP67, Q5SUV1, Q642A6, Q6IA17, Q6PCB0, Q7TPB4, Q86TI4, Q8BGR6, Q8BZI6, Q8K5A4, Q8N5I2, Q8N653, Q8R2Z5, Q8TBF2, Q8VE98, Q92737, Q969P0, Q96NJ5, Q96NT3

Diamond homologs: A1CRG9, A1D4D1, A3LTA2, A8INQ0, A8ISN6, B5FYQ0, H2L0N8, O04266, O04267, O04834, O08697, O45379, P0C950, P0C951, P0CM16, P0CM17, P0CR30, P0CR31, P20606, P22274, P25160, P36404, P36405, P36536, P37996, P49703, P52885, P56559, P61208, Q01474, Q01475, Q02804, Q06849, Q09767, Q0CUN7, Q0VC18, Q10943, Q13795, Q19705, Q1MTE5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

33 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	25
Likely benign	1
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
59608	GRCh38/hg38 5q11.1-11.2(chr5:50462100-55862985)x1	Pathogenic
979674	GRCh37/hg19 5q11.1-11.2(chr5:49430268-53182665)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

5191 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
5:53886711:GATC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:53886712:ATC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:53886713:TCTT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:53886714:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:53886714:C:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:53886715:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:53886715:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:53886715:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:53954431:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:53954432:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:53954435:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
5:54016244:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
5:54113409:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:54113410:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:54154581:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
5:54171780:CCAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
5:54171783:CCTG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
5:54171925:AACA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:54171927:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:54171929:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:54171929:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:54171930:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:54171933:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:53886709:TTGAT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:53886710:TGAT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:53886711:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:53891803:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
5:53891804:C:A	donor_gain	0.9900
5:53891810:A:C	donor_gain	0.9900
5:53923145:G:GA	donor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1327 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
5:54154635:A:C	F66L	1.000
5:54154635:A:T	F66L	1.000
5:54154637:A:G	F66L	1.000
5:54113387:A:G	W93R	0.999
5:54113387:A:T	W93R	0.999
5:54154590:T:A	K81N	0.999
5:54154590:T:G	K81N	0.999
5:54154636:A:G	F66S	0.999
5:54113296:A:G	L123P	0.998
5:54113353:A:T	I104K	0.998
5:54113359:C:T	G102E	0.998
5:54113360:C:A	G102W	0.998
5:54113385:C:A	W93C	0.998
5:54113385:C:G	W93C	0.998
5:54154585:A:T	L83H	0.998
5:54171843:T:A	K45I	0.998
5:54171868:A:G	C37R	0.998
5:54113248:A:T	I139K	0.997
5:54113360:C:G	G102R	0.997
5:54113360:C:T	G102R	0.997
5:54154639:C:T	G65D	0.997
5:54113269:A:G	L132S	0.996
5:54113337:A:C	S109R	0.996
5:54113337:A:T	S109R	0.996
5:54113339:T:G	S109R	0.996
5:54113349:A:C	F105L	0.996
5:54113349:A:T	F105L	0.996
5:54113351:A:G	F105L	0.996
5:54113353:A:C	I104R	0.996
5:54154582:C:T	G84E	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000002505 (5:53892937 G>A,C), RS1000003530 (5:54150721 C>G,T), RS1000003904 (5:54011151 T>G), RS1000011793 (5:54294424 T>C), RS1000014241 (5:54110652 C>T), RS1000033808 (5:53892554 T>G), RS1000040813 (5:53962786 C>T), RS1000060572 (5:54242285 T>C), RS1000073012 (5:54287859 A>G), RS1000080944 (5:54177972 T>G), RS1000090673 (5:54133301 A>T), RS1000112509 (5:54229662 T>A), RS1000121028 (5:54301017 T>C), RS1000125041 (5:53944436 C>T), RS1000130732 (5:54010284 T>C,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

83 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000538_2	Adiponectin levels	3.000000e-08
GCST000755_8	HDL cholesterol	5.000000e-08
GCST001465_7	Adiponectin levels	6.000000e-08
GCST002223_47	HDL cholesterol	7.000000e-10
GCST002300_2	Rheumatoid arthritis	7.000000e-06
GCST002352_45	Type 2 diabetes	7.000000e-09
GCST002477_5	Alcohol dependence (age at onset)	1.000000e-08
GCST002945_42	Emphysema imaging phenotypes	8.000000e-07
GCST003372_46	Glomerular filtration rate (creatinine)	2.000000e-07
GCST003542_137	Night sleep phenotypes	1.000000e-06
GCST003996_37	Monobrow	2.000000e-17
GCST004063_123	Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index	4.000000e-08
GCST004184_3	Lung function (FVC)	3.000000e-12
GCST004232_66	HDL cholesterol levels	1.000000e-09
GCST004292_44	Glomerular filtration rate (creatinine)	6.000000e-10
GCST004611_123	High light scatter reticulocyte count	5.000000e-10
GCST004619_168	Reticulocyte fraction of red cells	1.000000e-11
GCST004622_174	Reticulocyte count	8.000000e-15
GCST004860_76	Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis	3.000000e-06
GCST004894_127	Type 2 diabetes	3.000000e-09
GCST004894_52	Type 2 diabetes	3.000000e-06
GCST005124_1	Urinary magnesium-to-creatinine ratio	2.000000e-11
GCST005194_243	Coronary artery disease	2.000000e-07
GCST005204_1	Systolic blood pressure (dietary potassium intake interaction)	1.000000e-09
GCST005414_4	Type 2 diabetes	2.000000e-07
GCST006224_2	Right lateral prefrontal cortical growth	5.000000e-06
GCST006586_15	Urinary albumin excretion	8.000000e-09
GCST006611_145	HDL cholesterol	5.000000e-09
GCST006613_127	Triglycerides	2.000000e-15
GCST006867_39	Type 2 diabetes	1.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (27, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004502	adiponectin measurement
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004847	age at onset
EFO:0007626	emphysema imaging measurement
EFO:0007906	synophrys measurement
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference
EFO:0004312	vital capacity
EFO:0007986	reticulocyte count
EFO:0008449	magnesium:creatinine ratio measurement
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0008470	dietary potassium intake measurement
EFO:0004285	albuminuria
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0003924	hair color
EFO:0005763	pulse pressure measurement
EFO:0004314	forced expiratory volume
EFO:0009767	glycine measurement
EFO:0009931	Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system use measurement
EFO:0006781	coffee consumption measurement
EFO:0007778	urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
EFO:0007710	cognitive decline measurement
EFO:0004845	magnesium measurement
EFO:0004614	apolipoprotein A 1 measurement
EFO:0005000	leptin measurement
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0006336	diastolic blood pressure
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D065886	Neurodevelopmental Disorders	F03.625

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

38 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, affects expression, increases abundance	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation	3
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	affects expression, decreases expression	2
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, increases methylation	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
benzo(e)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
epigallocatechin gallate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
dimethylarsinous acid	decreases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Flavoring Agents	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Glycerol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Methapyrilene	decreases methylation	1
Nicotine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Phthalic Acids	decreases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

202 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04586348	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Prenatal Iodine Supplementation and Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
NCT04873115	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Sialanar Plus orAl rehabiLitation Against Placebo Plus Oral Rehabilitation for chIldren and Adolescents With seVere Sialorrhoea and Neurodisabilties,
NCT02559102	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Dexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Infants
NCT02757079	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of the Efficacy and Safety of NPC-15 for Sleep Disorders of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT06915480	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Reducing Missed Appointments
NCT07377032	PHASE3	RECRUITING	TAP-GRIN: Interventional Study on Patients With GRIN-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02909959	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Sulforaphane for the Treatment of Young Men With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06081348	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Sertraline vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Anxiety in Children and AdoLescents With NeurodevelopMental Disorders
NCT06352372	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of tPBM for Epileptiform Activity in Autism
NCT00503191	PHASE1	COMPLETED	NeuroModulation Technique Treatment of Autism
NCT04475848	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Food Effect of RO6953958 in Healthy Participants
NCT06300398	PHASE1	COMPLETED	IAMA-6 Oral Dose Study in Healthy Adults
NCT01783041	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Early L-Carnitine Supplementation on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
NCT05767385	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Fetal Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Congenital Heart Disease and Association With Neonatal Neurobehavior
NCT05675098	EARLY_PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Central Nervous System Stimulants and Physical Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy
NCT00783783	Not specified	COMPLETED	CYP2D6 Pharmacogenetics in Risperidone-Treated Children
NCT01778504	Not specified	RECRUITING	Studying Childhood-onset Behavioral, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders
NCT01850784	Not specified	UNKNOWN	High Energy Formula Feeding in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
NCT01922791	Not specified	COMPLETED	Nutrition and Pregnancy Intervention Study
NCT01942525	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Influence of Intrauterine Growth Restriction on Amplitude-integrated EEG in Preterm Infants
NCT02003170	Not specified	COMPLETED	Etiology and Early Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02118649	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Enhancing Behavior and Brain Response to Visual Targets Using a Computer Game
NCT02557191	Not specified	TERMINATED	Biomarkers, Neurodevelopment and Preterm Infants
NCT02690675	Not specified	COMPLETED	Iron Supplement Effect on Child Development
NCT02694003	Not specified	COMPLETED	Better Nights, Better Days for Children With Neurodevelopment Disorders
NCT02792894	Not specified	COMPLETED	Family Networks (FaNs) for Children With Developmental Disorders and Delays
NCT02871674	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Good Night Project: Behavioural Sleep Interventions for Children With ADHD: A Randomised Controlled Trial
NCT02887157	Not specified	COMPLETED	Analyzing Retinal Microanatomy in ROP
NCT02898298	Not specified	COMPLETED	Positive Emotion Regulation Training in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With and Without Developmental Disorder
NCT02912780	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Introduction of Microsystems in a Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NCT03023293	Not specified	COMPLETED	n-3 PUFAs, Irisin and Maternal Glucose Metabolism From Pregnancy to Postpartum
NCT03023644	Not specified	COMPLETED	Improving Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: An Intervention Study
NCT03032991	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Early Biomarkers of Neurodevelopment in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers
NCT03088189	Not specified	TERMINATED	Effect of Parental Peri-conceptional Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Infant Neurocognitive Development in Offspring
NCT03096028	Not specified	COMPLETED	Developmental Origins of Mental Health Disorders
NCT03148782	Not specified	COMPLETED	Brain Plasticity Underlying Acquisition of New Organizational Skills in Children-R61 Phase
NCT03172104	Not specified	COMPLETED	Neurobehavioural Development of Infants Born <30 Weeks Gestational Age Between Birth and Five Years of Age
NCT03222375	Not specified	RECRUITING	SQUED™ Series 28.1 Home-use and Treatment of Autowave Reverberator of Autism
NCT03229928	Not specified	COMPLETED	Clinical Testing of a Real-Time Behavior Measurement Tool: Measuring Outcomes for CHAnge
NCT03232489	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Study for the Evaluation of the Feasibility of Applying Advanced MRI Scanning in Pediatric Clinical Practice