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ASCL5

gene
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Also known as bHLHa47ASH-5AmeloD

Summary

ASCL5 (achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 5, HGNC:33169) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q32.1, encoding Achaete-scute homolog 5 (Q7RTU5). Transcription factor.

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity; and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in ameloblast differentiation; amelogenesis; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be part of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 647219 — automated summary from GO annotations (Alliance of Genome Resources).

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 2 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
  • GTEx eGene: eQTL in 33 tissues, sQTL in 0 (q < 0.05)
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 2
  • Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.42 (intermediate), LOEUF 1.70 (unconstrained)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001270601

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:33169
Approved symbolASCL5
Nameachaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 5
Location1q32.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesbHLHa47, ASH-5, AmeloD
Ensembl geneENSG00000232237
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM620809
Entrez647219

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

MANE Select: ENST00000449188

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 3: 1

ENST00000449188

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001270601 NM_001270601

CCDS: CCDS59202

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000449188 — 2 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001662950201127084201127184
ENSE00001698446201113943201115877

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 90 present calls, max score 61.40.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0334 / max 9.6912, expressed in 10 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): body of pancreas, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, pancreas, gastrocnemius.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

ASCL5 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 33 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 0 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 33 significant tissue × QTL associations:

TissueQTLq-valueSlopeLead variant
Thyroideqtl5.8e-128-0.981:201114378:A:G
Lungeqtl1.6e-48-0.741:201114378:A:G
Artery Aortaeqtl2.5e-46-0.781:201114378:A:G
Pituitaryeqtl4.6e-46-0.931:201114378:A:G
Artery Tibialeqtl1.6e-42-0.641:201114215:A:G
Nerve Tibialeqtl9.3e-42-0.761:201116393:C:T
Prostateeqtl3.7e-33-0.921:201114215:A:G
Esophagus Musculariseqtl3.4e-28-0.591:201114378:A:G
Brain Cerebellumeqtl6.9e-27-0.911:201114215:A:G
Muscle Skeletaleqtl1.4e-25-0.371:201121913:C:A
Adrenal Glandeqtl8.6e-24-0.851:201114215:A:G
Brain Cerebellar Hemisphereeqtl1.1e-23-0.831:201114215:A:G
Ovaryeqtl8.1e-21-0.741:201114378:A:G
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junctioneqtl9.4e-20-0.651:201114215:A:G
Testiseqtl2.4e-18-0.811:201116032:T:C
Colon Transverseeqtl6.7e-17-0.581:201127255:A:G
Heart Atrial Appendageeqtl2.5e-16-0.571:201114215:A:G
Colon Sigmoideqtl4.2e-16-0.601:201116393:C:T
Artery Coronaryeqtl2.2e-15-0.691:201114378:A:G
Minor Salivary Glandeqtl3.2e-14-0.851:201116393:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

1 alternative TSS:

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
166040.033410

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 216 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115061.40gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045156.82gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188254.15gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126453.53gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138852.42gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189852.12gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138351.65gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187051.57gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354051.57gold quality
neocortexUBERON:000195050.82gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983550.43gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281049.99gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225549.85gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983449.44gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099149.08silver quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402348.83silver quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095648.75gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187648.30gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425248.17silver quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46UBERON:000648347.87gold quality
forebrainUBERON:000189047.36gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305347.00gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162546.94gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277146.49gold quality
brainUBERON:000095546.32gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209246.31gold quality
buccal mucosa cellCL:000233645.81gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211945.71gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113445.69silver quality
Ammon’s hornUBERON:000195445.47gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234545.31gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187145.24gold quality
substantia nigraUBERON:000203844.91gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216744.85gold quality
ovaryUBERON:000099244.76gold quality
muscle tissueUBERON:000238544.45silver quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211844.44silver quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187344.35gold quality
midbrainUBERON:000189144.27gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534344.22silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451143.37gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243643.31silver quality
putamenUBERON:000187443.22gold quality
amniotic fluidUBERON:000017342.77gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225042.75gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761042.74gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065542.57gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130242.49silver quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196642.47gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355442.40gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111942.28silver quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266142.08gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiiUBERON:000450242.08gold quality
aortaUBERON:000094741.73gold quality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137941.41gold quality
quadriceps femorisUBERON:000137741.37gold quality
skin of hipUBERON:000155441.37silver quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161441.33gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489041.26gold quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150741.18gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181241.10gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503040.98gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224540.90gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009440.88gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212940.88gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045840.87silver quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183140.81gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203740.81silver quality
duodenumUBERON:000211440.72gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039940.59gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116140.50silver quality
medial globus pallidusUBERON:000247740.49gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195140.45gold quality
myocardiumUBERON:000234940.45gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194940.43gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151540.40silver quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000740.37silver quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130440.33gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119940.32silver quality
urinary bladderUBERON:000125540.29silver quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692040.29gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237140.26gold quality
globus pallidusUBERON:000187540.20gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204640.19silver quality
jejunumUBERON:000211540.18gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149640.14silver quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272840.13gold quality
cartilage tissueUBERON:000241840.06gold quality
oviduct epitheliumUBERON:000480440.03gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176539.98gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colonUBERON:000499339.95gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094539.93silver quality
colonic mucosaUBERON:000031739.92gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123439.86silver quality
deltoidUBERON:000147639.83gold quality
saphenous veinUBERON:000731839.83gold quality
oocyteCL:000002339.80gold quality
urethraUBERON:000005739.80gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208039.79gold quality
pericardiumUBERON:000240739.77gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.52

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

38 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cellAxisnTPM
Nucleus accumbenstissue2.6
Hippocampustissue2.5
Postcentral gyrustissue2.0
Pancreastissue1.7
Locus coeruleustissue1.7
Frontal cortextissue1.6
Choroid plexustissue0.4
Hypothalamustissue0.4
Hippocampal formationtissue0.4
Retinatissue0.3
Skeletal muscletissue0.3
Endometrium 1tissue0.3
Spinal cordtissue0.3
Entorhinal cortextissue0.3
Olfactory bulbtissue0.3
Pituitary glandtissue0.2
Prefrontal cortextissue0.2
Cerebral cortextissue0.2
Ponstissue0.2
Motor cortextissue0.2
Amygdalatissue0.2
Medulla oblongatatissue0.2
Thalamustissue0.2
Substantia nigratissue0.2
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortextissue0.2
Periaqueductal graytissue0.2
Septumtissue0.2
Insular cortextissue0.2
Lymph nodetissue0.1
Stomach 1tissue0.1
Vaginatissue0.1
Midbraintissue0.1
Lungtissue0.1
Spleentissue0.1
Small intestinetissue0.1
Prostatetissue0.1
Temporal cortextissue0.1
Occipital cortextissue0.1

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 187; highest nTPM — Arcuate nucleus (3.9), Hippocampus, CA3 (3.7), Ventromedial nucleus (3.5), Hippocampus, CA1 (3.3), Olfactory area (3.3).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting ASCL5 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

15 miRNAs:

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-76599.8468.242442
HSA-MIR-4649-3P99.5666.901783
HSA-MIR-7159-5P99.5372.122472
HSA-MIR-569399.2466.671106
HSA-MIR-62298.9966.481050
HSA-MIR-7851-3P98.7264.88980
HSA-MIR-6880-5P98.0865.591282
HSA-MIR-445697.5064.881678
HSA-MIR-15A-3P97.4765.08527
HSA-MIR-4529-5P96.7465.77569
HSA-MIR-151A-5P95.7968.73162
HSA-MIR-151B95.7968.73162
HSA-MIR-4749-5P92.1662.26179
HSA-MIR-6767-5P90.0062.4197
HSA-MIR-608989.7261.35324

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.417, LOEUF 1.7, missense Z -0.41 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000449188 — one region, missense o/e 0.97.

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusAscl5ENSMUSG00000097918
rattus_norvegicusAscl5ENSRNOG00000033391
drosophila_melanogasteracFBGN0000022
drosophila_melanogasteraseFBGN0000137
drosophila_melanogasterl(1)scFBGN0002561
drosophila_melanogasterscFBGN0004170
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00001958

Paralogs (4): ASCL1 (ENSG00000139352), ASCL3 (ENSG00000176009), ASCL2 (ENSG00000183734), ASCL4 (ENSG00000187855)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:2685043) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 20 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)Records
decreased bone mineral density1
short mandible1
decreased compact bone thickness1
abnormal heart morphology1
enlarged heart1
abnormal spleen morphology1
abnormal thymus morphology1
enlarged thymus1
decreased body size1
abnormal skin morphology1
cachexia1
decreased molar number1
small molars1
increased circulating creatine kinase level1
long upper incisors1
abnormal lower incisor morphology1
abnormal upper incisor morphology1
abnormal molar cusp morphology1
abnormal molar root morphology1
taurodontia1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

OrganismUniProtIdentityMethod
Oryctolagus cuniculusP5710096.8%Diamond
Bos taurusQ0VCE296.8%Diamond
Ovis ariesQ2855594.6%Diamond
Danio rerioQ9025993.7%Diamond
Xenopus laevisQ0623488.4%Diamond
Gallus gallusQ9069170.7%Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

SymbolTypeEntrez
KIF21Bprotein-coding23046
CACNA1Sprotein-coding779
TMEM9protein-coding252839
IGFN1protein-coding91156
PKP1protein-coding5317

Protein

Protein identifiers

Achaete-scute homolog 5 — Q7RTU5 (reviewed: Q7RTU5)

Alternative names: Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 47

All UniProt accessions (2): M0R2M9, Q7RTU5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Transcription factor. Probably binds E-box motifs 5’-CANNTG-3’ in complex with transcription factor TCF3/E12. Negatively modulates transcription of target genes such as CDH1/E-cadherin, perhaps by recruiting the PRC2 repressive complex to regulatory elements. Regulates ameloblast development and tooth germ growth, perhaps acting by positively modulating migration of inner enamel epithelium (IEE) cells. Plays a role in enamel formation.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with transcription factor TCF3/E12.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001257530* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR011598bHLH_domDomain
IPR036638HLH_DNA-bd_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR050283E-box_TF_RegulatorsFamily

Pfam: PF00010

UniProt features (8 total): region of interest 3, compositionally biased region 3, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q7RTU5-F164.170.19

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at transcript level

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 curated (TAS) of 0; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

MSigDB gene sets: 17 (showing top): GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOCC_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATOR_COMPLEX, GOCC_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATOR_COMPLEX, GOMF_PROTEIN_DIMERIZATION_ACTIVITY, GOMF_SEQUENCE_SPECIFIC_DNA_BINDING, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TRANSCRIPTION_BY_RNA_POLYMERASE_II, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_COMPOUND_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOMF_DNA_BINDING_TRANSCRIPTION_REPRESSOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY, ID1_TARGET_GENES, GOCC_NUCLEAR_PROTEIN_CONTAINING_COMPLEX, CARRILLOREIXACH_HEPATOBLASTOMA_VS_NORMAL_UP, GOMF_DNA_BINDING_TRANSCRIPTION_FACTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATORY_REGION_SEQUENCE_SPECIFIC_DNA_BINDING, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_RNA_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (4): DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006351), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), animal organ development (GO:0048513), epithelium development (GO:0060429)

GO Molecular Function (4): RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001227), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983)

GO Cellular Component (2): chromatin (GO:0000785), RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex (GO:0090575)

GO top-level categories

19 GO namespaces:

CategoryTerms
animal gross anatomical part developmental process2
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding2
gene expression1
RNA biosynthetic process1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
transcription by RNA polymerase II1
tissue development1
transcription cis-regulatory region binding1
chromatin1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity1
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II1
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific1
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity1
protein binding1
chromosome1
cellular anatomical structure1
transcription regulator complex1
nuclear protein-containing complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 264 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ASCL5ACSL5Q9ULC5527
ASCL5BHLHE23Q8NDY6514
ASCL5BHLHA9Q7RTU4500
ASCL5TMEM170BQ5T4T1484
ASCL5LRRC75BQ2VPJ9363
ASCL5MAIP1Q8WWC4361
ASCL5ACSL6Q9UKU0304
ASCL5TMEM63CQ9P1W3302
ASCL5TCF24Q7RTU0301
ASCL5GAGE12JA6NER3299
ASCL5ZNF316A6NFI3286
ASCL5GCDHQ92947282
ASCL5MFSD6LQ8IWD5280
ASCL5Q3KRG4Q3KRG4276
ASCL5H2AL3A0A3B3IU63273

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ASCL5 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

2 partners by confidence:

PartnerInteraction typeMIscoreRecords
H1-2physical association0.4001
H1-5physical association0.4001

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ASCL5: 2 ClinVar records (1 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 1 GWAS association. Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

2 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic1
Uncertain significance1
Likely benign0
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Showing all 1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant IDHGVSClassificationReviewSubmitters
3358881NM_001270601.2(ASCL5):c.274G>A (p.Glu92Lys)Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter2

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore ASCL5’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 20 predictions of 133):

Position(s)EffectΔscoreSites
1:201127082–201127083donor_loss0.98006
1:201119367donor_gain0.9700
1:201127056donor_gain0.9700
1:201127115donor_gain0.9700
1:201115448acceptor_gain0.9600
1:201115878–201115879acceptor_loss0.91006
1:201127081donor_loss0.7400
1:201127084donor_loss0.7100
1:201127098donor_gain0.6900
1:201127084donor_gain0.6600

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620809 | disease phenotypes:

HPO phenotypes

2 phenotypes (HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000006Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000164Abnormality of the dentition

GWAS associations

1 associations:

StudyTraitp-value
GCST005389_1Tooth agenesis2e-16

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

2 total (human), top 2 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): tooth agenesis