ATP4A

gene
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Also known as ATP6A

Summary

ATP4A (ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha, HGNC:819) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.12, encoding Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 (P20648). The catalytic subunit of the gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase pump which transports H(+) ions in exchange for K(+) ions across the apical membrane of parietal cells.

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of P-type cation-transporting ATPases. The gastric H+, K+-ATPase is a heterodimer consisting of a high molecular weight catalytic alpha subunit and a smaller but heavily glycosylated beta subunit. This enzyme is a proton pump that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. It is also responsible for gastric acid secretion. This gene encodes a catalytic alpha subunit of the gastric H+, K+-ATPase.

Source: NCBI Gene 495 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): familial gastric type 1 neuroendocrine tumor (Supportive, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 271 total — 1 pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 1
  • Druggable target: yes — 5 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_000704

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:819
Approved symbolATP4A
NameATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha
Location19q13.12
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesATP6A
Ensembl geneENSG00000105675
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM137216
Entrez495

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 2 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000262623, ENST00000590916, ENST00000592131, ENST00000592767

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000704 NM_000704

CCDS: CCDS12467

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000262623 — 22 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000007000183556320935563268
ENSE000007000243556036335560615
ENSE000007000263555980535560073
ENSE000007000293555899335559191
ENSE000007000313555857735558686
ENSE000007000333555836235558496
ENSE000007000353555765535557847
ENSE000007000383555691335557088
ENSE000008627973556338435563527
ENSE000013571623556361835563658
ENSE000024690813555516635555334
ENSE000027821723555003135550643
ENSE000034603013555144735551580
ENSE000034885533556243535562638
ENSE000035280783555101035551111
ENSE000036048553555303735553182
ENSE000036466613556081935560932
ENSE000036473213555492235555076
ENSE000036497173555083435550925
ENSE000036900773555370635553829
ENSE000036949343555544035555590
ENSE000037015923555567635555812

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 137 present calls, max score 97.76.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.2526 / max 459.2284, expressed in 1 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1805370.25261

Top tissues by expression

283 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
cardia of stomachUBERON:000116297.76gold quality
pylorusUBERON:000116690.14gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116188.91gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094587.65gold quality
fundus of stomachUBERON:000116086.48gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123383.87gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582783.13gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123481.35gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582580.27gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123580.19gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047379.34gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236978.72gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489078.04gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224577.37gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212977.15gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115075.83gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203775.41gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126468.66gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281063.63gold quality
endometrium epitheliumUBERON:000481161.28gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10UBERON:001354161.05gold quality
tongue squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691959.24gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065558.95gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033158.95silver quality
gluteal muscleUBERON:000200058.67gold quality
cerebellar vermisUBERON:000472058.44gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000657.81gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112057.08gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111957.02gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354056.94gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes3.23

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): GLI2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

8 targeting ATP4A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-448799.9664.581252
HSA-MIR-556-3P99.7468.751203
HSA-MIR-128997.4665.37655
HSA-MIR-3189-3P96.8066.34896

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 11)

  • Gastric H+/K+-ATPase activities are not associated with H pylori status in patients with chronic gastritis. (PMID:15962365)
  • study concludes that IL-1beta upregulates HKalpha transcription by inducing Sp1 binding to HKalpha Sp1 & NF-kappaB sites & that Helicobacter pylori perturbation of HKalpha expression is independent of Sp1-mediated basal HKalpha transcription (PMID:18772363)
  • cigarette smoke extract may cause an increase in the amount and activity of H,K-ATPase and smokers’ susceptibility to development of peptic ulcer (PMID:19705497)
  • Downregulation of ATP4A gene is associated with gastric cancer. (PMID:23317218)
  • ATP4A are found in nearly one-third of children with type 1 diabetes and more common among females. In this cross-sectional analysis, Hp infection was not associated with autoimmunity against parietal cells. (PMID:24773566)
  • Homozygous missense mutation in the 14th exon of the ATP4A gene (c.2107C>T) is responsible for an atypical familial type I gastric neuroendocrine tumour. (PMID:25678551)
  • In conclusion, patients homozygous for an inactivating ATP4A mutation develop gastric ECL-cell carcinoids in their 3rd or 4th decade. (PMID:27150581)
  • the generation and characterization of a knockin mouse model for the ATP4a(R703C) mutation to better understand the tumorigenesis process. (PMID:27491072)
  • ATP4A antibodies were present in a significant proportion of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Higher ATP4A levels in T1D children are associated with lower, yet still fitting within the normal range, levels of vitamin B12, and ferritin. (PMID:28401620)
  • Heterozygous mutations in the ATP4A and PTH1R genes were identified in a family with type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors plus hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis (PMID:28474257)
  • Type IV Gastric Carcinoids in the Stomach Caused by ATP4A Gene Mutations. (PMID:31401365)

Cross-species orthologs

11 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusAtp4aENSMUSG00000005553
rattus_norvegicusAtp4aENSRNOG00000020985
drosophila_melanogasteranneFBGN0052000
drosophila_melanogasterSPoCkFBGN0052451
drosophila_melanogasterCG45062FBGN0266432
drosophila_melanogasterCG45063FBGN0266433
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00000834
caenorhabditis_eleganspmr-1WBGENE00004063
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00012341
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00015338
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00015660

Paralogs (21): ATP2C1 (ENSG00000017260), ATP1A2 (ENSG00000018625), ATP2B4 (ENSG00000058668), ATP2C2 (ENSG00000064270), ATP2B3 (ENSG00000067842), ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961), ATP2A3 (ENSG00000074370), ATP12A (ENSG00000075673), ATP1A3 (ENSG00000105409), ATP13A1 (ENSG00000105726), ATP7B (ENSG00000123191), ATP13A4 (ENSG00000127249), ATP1A4 (ENSG00000132681), ATP13A3 (ENSG00000133657), ATP2B2 (ENSG00000157087), ATP13A2 (ENSG00000159363), ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399), ATP7A (ENSG00000165240), ATP2A2 (ENSG00000174437), ATP13A5 (ENSG00000187527), ATP2A1 (ENSG00000196296)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1P20648 (reviewed: P20648)

Alternative names: Gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase subunit alpha, Proton pump

All UniProt accessions (3): A0A384MR29, P20648, M0R249

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. The catalytic subunit of the gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase pump which transports H(+) ions in exchange for K(+) ions across the apical membrane of parietal cells. Uses ATP as an energy source to pump H(+) ions to the gastric lumen while transporting K(+) ion from the lumen into the cell. Remarkably generates a million-fold proton gradient across the gastric parietal cell membrane, acidifying the gastric juice down to pH 1. Within a transport cycle, the transfer of a H(+) ion across the membrane is coupled to ATP hydrolysis and is associated with a transient phosphorylation that shifts the pump conformation from inward-facing (E1) to outward-facing state (E2). The release of the H(+) ion in the stomach lumen is followed by binding of K(+) ion converting the pump conformation back to the E1 state.

Subunit / interactions. The gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase pump is composed of the catalytic alpha subunit ATP4A and the regulatory beta subunit ATP4B. Interacts (via the P-domain) with ATP4B (via N-terminus); this interaction stabilizes the lumenal-open E2 conformation state and prevents the reverse reaction of the transport cycle.

Subcellular location. Apical cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in gastric parietal cells (at protein level).

Similarity. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000695* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001757P_typ_ATPaseFamily
IPR004014ATPase_P-typ_cation-transptr_NDomain
IPR005775P-type_ATPase_IICFamily
IPR006068ATPase_P-typ_cation-transptr_CDomain
IPR008250ATPase_P-typ_transduc_dom_A_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR015127ATPase_P-typ_H/K-transp_NDomain
IPR018303ATPase_P-typ_P_sitePTM
IPR023214HAD_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR023298ATPase_P-typ_TM_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR023299ATPase_P-typ_cyto_dom_NHomologous_superfamily
IPR036412HAD-like_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR044492P_typ_ATPase_HD_domDomain
IPR050510Cation_transp_ATPase_P-typeFamily
IPR059000ATPase_P-type_domADomain

Pfam: PF00122, PF00689, PF00690, PF08282, PF09040, PF13246

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

  • EC 7.2.2.19 — H+/K+-exchanging ATPase (BRENDA: 23 organisms, 73 substrates, 240 inhibitors, 15 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

3 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 3. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
ATP0.0245–1.25
K+0.3–205
K+[SIDE 2]0.4–5.53

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

  • K(+)(out) + ATP + H2O + H(+)(in) = K(+)(in) + ADP + phosphate + 2 H(+)(out) (RHEA:22044)

UniProt features (43 total): topological domain 11, transmembrane region 10, binding site 10, modified residue 7, chain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, active site 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P20648-F188.700.67

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 387 (4-aspartylphosphate intermediate)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (10): 340; 341; 343; 345; 387; 389; 728; 732; 797; 822

Post-translational modifications (7): 7, 10, 27, 463, 601, 840, 954

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-936837Ion transport by P-type ATPases
R-HSA-382551Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-983712Ion channel transport

MSigDB gene sets: 137 (showing top): GOBP_POTASSIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OR_MAINTENANCE_OF_TRANSMEMBRANE_ELECTROCHEMICAL_GRADIENT, GOBP_SODIUM_ION_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, MODULE_45, MODULE_64, GOBP_POTASSIUM_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, MODULE_16, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, MODULE_118, MODULE_379, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_POTASSIUM_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_SODIUM_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_SODIUM_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, GOMF_PROTON_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORTER_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (13): intracellular sodium ion homeostasis (GO:0006883), response to xenobiotic stimulus (GO:0009410), regulation of proton transport (GO:0010155), intracellular potassium ion homeostasis (GO:0030007), monoatomic ion transmembrane transport (GO:0034220), sodium ion export across plasma membrane (GO:0036376), pH reduction (GO:0045851), potassium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0071805), proton transmembrane transport (GO:1902600), potassium ion import across plasma membrane (GO:1990573), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811), potassium ion transport (GO:0006813), establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient (GO:0010248)

GO Molecular Function (10): magnesium ion binding (GO:0000287), P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity (GO:0005391), ATP binding (GO:0005524), P-type potassium:proton transporter activity (GO:0008900), ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887), potassium ion binding (GO:0030955), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), transporter activity (GO:0005215), P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0008556), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (5): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex (GO:0005889), apical plasma membrane (GO:0016324), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Ion channel transport1
Transport of small molecules1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis2
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport2
P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity2
sodium ion homeostasis1
response to chemical1
proton transmembrane transport1
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport1
potassium ion homeostasis1
monoatomic ion transport1
transmembrane transport1
sodium ion transmembrane transport1
export across plasma membrane1
regulation of pH1
potassium ion transport1
potassium ion transmembrane transport1
inorganic cation import across plasma membrane1
transport1
metal ion transport1
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport1
metal ion binding1
P-type sodium transporter activity1
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
P-type proton-exporting transporter activity1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity1
ATP-dependent activity1
alkali metal ion binding1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
molecular_function1
potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity1
P-type ion transporter activity1
ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity1
cation binding1
membrane1
cell periphery1
cation-transporting ATPase complex1
plasma membrane protein complex1
apical part of cell1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3276 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ATP4ACYP2C19P33259945
ATP4AGASTP01350934
ATP4ATCIRG1Q13488923
ATP4AATP6V1B1P15313921
ATP4AATP6V0A4Q9HBG4902
ATP4AATP6V0A1Q93050886
ATP4AHRH2P25021880
ATP4AATP6V0CP27449850
ATP4ACLCN7P51798834
ATP4AATP6V0A2Q9Y487830
ATP4AATP6V1DQ9Y5K8828
ATP4AATP4BP51164822
ATP4ACA2P00918797
ATP4AATP6V0E2Q8NHE4794
ATP4AALBP02768776

IntAct

30 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
ATP1B1ATP1A1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.910
LIPCATP4Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ERO1BATP4Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
NUFIP1PDE2Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
RRP7AATP4Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
APBB1SSPOPpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
Prdm16ESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NUFIP1MAP1LC3B2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HAX1GPM6Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DGUOKDNM1Lpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CDCA8DCLK1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DNAAF2DNM1Lpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ARMC1GNAO1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RRP7AMAPTpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
KLK8MT-ND1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PAESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ATP1A3TMEM223psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
GPM6AKIF2Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HAX1DNM1Lpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DGUOKBIN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ARMC1DCXpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ERO1BHSPA5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ATP1A3EI24psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FECHGTPBP10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (134): ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Biochemical Activity), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A4J6, D4ABB8, F1Q4S1, G5EBH1, O14072, O43520, O43861, O70228, O75110, P09626, P19156, P20648, P27112, P40527, P50996, P57792, P90747, P98195, P98196, P98197, P98198, P98199, Q10309, Q27533, Q3TYU2, Q4VNC1, Q4WYP6, Q5XF89, Q5XF90, Q5ZKB7, Q64436, Q6DFW5, Q8NB49, Q92126, Q93084, Q95JN5, Q9EPE9, Q9H7F0, Q9HD20, Q9LI83

Diamond homologs: A0A143ZZK9, A2VDL6, A7L9Z8, B9QMJ0, D2WKD8, O13397, O13398, O14983, O23087, O34431, O46674, O55143, O75185, O77696, P04074, P04191, P05023, P06685, P07038, P09572, P09626, P09627, P11507, P11607, P11718, P12522, P13585, P13586, P16615, P17326, P18596, P18907, P19156, P20431, P20647, P20648, P22189, P22700, P25489, P27112

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

271 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic1
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance172
Likely benign56
Benign37

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
812929Single allelePathogenic

SpliceAI

3068 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
19:35550639:CCAGC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35550640:CAGCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35550830:TCAC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
19:35550831:CACTC:Cdonor_loss1.0000
19:35550832:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
19:35550832:ACT:Adonor_gain1.0000
19:35550832:ACTC:Adonor_gain1.0000
19:35550832:ACTCC:Adonor_gain1.0000
19:35550833:C:CAdonor_loss1.0000
19:35550833:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
19:35550833:CT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
19:35550833:CTC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
19:35550833:CTCC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
19:35550833:CTCCC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
19:35550835:C:CAdonor_gain1.0000
19:35550861:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
19:35551007:CA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
19:35551008:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
19:35551009:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
19:35551009:CCGA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
19:35551109:TTC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551110:TC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551111:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551112:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551112:C:CGacceptor_loss1.0000
19:35551118:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551118:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551589:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551589:C:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
19:35551590:A:Tacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

6779 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
19:35551524:G:CS936R1.000
19:35551524:G:TS936R1.000
19:35551526:T:GS936R1.000
19:35553085:C:AW901C1.000
19:35553085:C:GW901C1.000
19:35553087:A:GW901R1.000
19:35553087:A:TW901R1.000
19:35554947:A:TL819H1.000
19:35555055:A:GL783P1.000
19:35555063:G:CF780L1.000
19:35555063:G:TF780L1.000
19:35555065:A:GF780L1.000
19:35555073:C:GR777P1.000
19:35555166:C:AG776C1.000
19:35555166:C:GG776R1.000
19:35555194:A:CF766L1.000
19:35555194:A:TF766L1.000
19:35555195:A:CF766C1.000
19:35555195:A:GF766S1.000
19:35555196:A:GF766L1.000
19:35555201:T:AD764V1.000
19:35555201:T:GD764A1.000
19:35555202:C:GD764H1.000
19:35555210:A:GL761P1.000
19:35555210:A:TL761Q1.000
19:35555222:G:TA757D1.000
19:35555261:G:TA744D1.000
19:35555267:C:TG742E1.000
19:35555277:C:GA739P1.000
19:35555285:A:GL736P1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000061808 (19:35558182 G>C), RS1000178875 (19:35563804 CT>C), RS1000301004 (19:35561898 C>G,T), RS1000567200 (19:35550255 C>T), RS1000981780 (19:35554035 G>A), RS1001179583 (19:35556226 G>A), RS1001775978 (19:35555133 C>T), RS1001801135 (19:35563155 T>C,G), RS1002167025 (19:35559213 C>A), RS1002281664 (19:35558856 G>A,T), RS1002457033 (19:35553419 G>A), RS1002777851 (19:35553767 G>C), RS1002839769 (19:35556347 C>T), RS1003119328 (19:35550754 A>G), RS1003173382 (19:35557957 G>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:137216 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
familial gastric type 1 neuroendocrine tumorSupportiveAutosomal recessive
gastric neuroendocrine neoplasmLimitedAutosomal recessive

Mondo (3): dystonic disorder (MONDO:0003441), gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm (MONDO:0003111), familial gastric type 1 neuroendocrine tumor (MONDO:0018742)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0001332Dystonia

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST005991_47Platelet count1.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004309platelet count

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D020821Dystonic DisordersC10.228.662.300

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2095173 (PROTEIN COMPLEX)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

5 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 169,080 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL1502PANTOPRAZOLE414,689
CHEMBL1503OMEPRAZOLE452,284
CHEMBL1790041RANITIDINE430,599
CHEMBL30CIMETIDINE447,191
CHEMBL480LANSOPRAZOLE424,317

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: transporter — H+/K+-ATPases

Most potent curated ligand interactions (6 total), top 6:

LigandActionAffinityParameter
ilaprazoleInhibition8.05pIC50
zastaprazanInhibition7.78pIC50
vonoprazanInhibition7.72pIC50
linaprazanInhibition6.5pIC50
tegoprazanInhibition6.28pIC50
revaprazanInhibition5.64pIC50

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

111 measured of 111 human assays (111 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

LigandMeasureValuePatent
5-[3-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-oneIC508.6 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-[2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[3,4-dimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-7-oxopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-6-yl]propanamideIC509.5 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
4-chloro-3-(2,3-dihydroindol-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-pyridin-4-ylbenzamideIC5011.9 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
7-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acidIC5013.3 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
3-[2-(ethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenolIC5014.1 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
2-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-N-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]benzamideIC5017.8 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
methyl 1-[5-(isoquinolin-5-yloxymethyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carbonyl]piperidine-2-carboxylateIC5018.4 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
[2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylamino]-2-oxoethyl] 1H-indazole-3-carboxylateIC5020.9 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
[2-[4-amino-1-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl]-2-oxoethyl] (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoateIC5024.5 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
6-bromo-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-(furan-2-yl)-8-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridineIC5025.4 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
6-bromo-2-(furan-2-yl)-8-methyl-3-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridineIC5025.7 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
[2,2-bis(prop-2-enyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-[5-[(5-chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxymethyl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]methanoneIC5027.7 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-(4-chloro-3-morpholin-4-ylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenylbutanamideIC5030.8 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
2-(6-phenylmethoxypurin-9-yl)-1-[4-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanoneIC5030.9 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-[2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[3,4-dimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-7-oxopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-6-yl]acetamideIC5033.8 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
[2-[(3-carbamoylthiophen-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-naphthalen-1-ylacetateIC5034.4 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
(E)-N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-(diethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamideIC5034.6 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
ethyl 2-[5-[2-methyl-1-[(6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)amino]propyl]tetrazol-1-yl]acetateIC5035.2 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
4-(2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amineIC5035.9 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1-(5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamideIC5036 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
US20260001864, Compound 75IC5036.6 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
US20260001864, Compound 27IC5038.7 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
3-[3-[[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-7-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetyl]-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-8-carboxamideIC5041 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
2-amino-N-[(4-phenylphenyl)methyl]quinoline-3-carboxamideIC5041.3 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
3-methyl-2-[4-[[4-oxo-4-[[(4S,5R,12S)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-yl]oxy]butanoyl]amino]butanoylamino]pentanoic acidIC5041.4 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
(E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-oneIC5043.4 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-pyridin-3-yl-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamideIC5046.3 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
ethyl 4-[[1-[[2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl]methyl]piperidine-3-carbonyl]amino]piperidine-1-carboxylateIC5048.4 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
2-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)ethynyl]-10-methylacridin-9-oneIC5051.1 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-([1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzothiazol-6-yl)-4-[methyl(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)sulfamoyl]benzamideIC5051.3 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
1-[(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-(6-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl)piperidine-4-carboxamideIC5051.6 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
6-chloro-4-N-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]pyrimidine-4,5-diamineIC5055.3 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
5-benzyl-2-[4-[(2,3-dichlorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]pyrimidineIC5055.3 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
[2-[(3-carbamoylthiophen-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propanoateIC5056.1 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
4-methyl-4-(phenylsulfanylmethyl)azetidin-2-oneIC5056.6 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
13-hydroxy-6,14,26-trimethylspiro[2,5,11,17,24-pentaoxapentacyclo[23.2.1.03,9.04,6.09,26]octacosa-19,21-diene-27,2’-oxirane]-12,18,23-trioneIC5058.5 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
4-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]pyrazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidineIC5065.2 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
3,5,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehydeIC5065.9 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N’-(3-fluorobenzoyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbohydrazideIC5066.7 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
2-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamideIC5072.1 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
8-[8-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)octyl]-1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dioneIC5072.6 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-cyclooctyl-5-(quinolin-6-yloxymethyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamideIC5080.5 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
16,17-dimethoxy-6-propan-2-yl-2,7,20-trioxapentacyclo[11.8.0.03,11.04,8.014,19]henicosa-3(11),4(8),9,14,16,18-hexaen-12-oneIC5082.4 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
2-(4-imino-1-pyridinyl)-1-(4-phenylphenyl)ethanoneIC5083.9 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
N-[2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-2-[3,4-dimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-7-oxopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-6-yl]propanamideIC5088.1 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
3-nitro-4-(4-thiophen-2-ylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)benzamideIC5098.5 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
(6,14,26-trimethyl-12,18,23-trioxospiro[2,5,11,17,24-pentaoxapentacyclo[23.2.1.03,9.04,6.09,26]octacosa-19,21-diene-27,2’-oxirane]-13-yl) acetateIC50101 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
5-benzyl-2-[4-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]pyrimidineIC50109 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-4-iumIC50114 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION
[[2,7-bis(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)fluoren-9-ylidene]amino]thioureaIC50114 nMUS-20260001864: COMPOUND CONTAINING SULFAMIDE STRUCTURE, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION

ChEMBL bioactivities

249 potent at pChembl≥5 of 306 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
7.70IC5020nMCHEMBL1202672
7.52IC5030nMCHEMBL1202661
7.40IC5040nMRANITIDINE
7.30IC5050nMCHEMBL1202647
7.30IC5050nMCHEMBL1202621
7.19IC5064nMCHEMBL296482
7.19IC5065nMCHEMBL47529
7.10IC5080nMCHEMBL1202681
7.10IC5080nMCHEMBL1202672
7.10IC5080nMCHEMBL1202647
7.05IC5090nMCHEMBL1202667
6.96IC50110nMCHEMBL1202658
6.96IC50110nMCHEMBL1202621
6.92IC50120nMCHEMBL1202681
6.92IC50120nMCHEMBL1202661
6.92IC50120nMCHEMBL1202663
6.92IC50120nMCHEMBL1202667
6.89IC50130nMCHEMBL1202663
6.89IC50130nMCHEMBL1202659
6.89IC50130nMCHEMBL293244
6.85IC50140nMCHEMBL1202607
6.85IC50140nMCHEMBL1202656
6.82IC50150nMCHEMBL1202651
6.82IC50150nMCHEMBL1202654
6.80IC50160nMCHEMBL1202629
6.77IC50170nMCHEMBL1202678
6.77IC50170nMCHEMBL1202671
6.75IC50180nMCHEMBL1202660
6.75IC50180nMCHEMBL1202679
6.75IC50180nMCHEMBL1202655
6.75IC50180nMCHEMBL1202668
6.70IC50200nMCHEMBL1202666
6.70IC50200nMCHEMBL20162
6.68IC50210nMCHEMBL1202607
6.68IC50210nMCHEMBL1202655
6.68IC50210nMCHEMBL1202656
6.66IC50220nMCHEMBL1202677
6.64IC50230nMCHEMBL1202642
6.64IC50230nMCHEMBL1202615
6.64IC50230nMCHEMBL1202668
6.64IC50230nMCHEMBL1202673
6.62IC50240nMCHEMBL1202675
6.62IC50240nMCHEMBL1202678
6.60IC50250nMOMEPRAZOLE
6.60IC50250nMCHEMBL1202643
6.60IC50250nMCHEMBL1202608
6.60IC50250nMCHEMBL1202638
6.58IC50260nMCHEMBL1202666
6.58IC50260nMCHEMBL1202643
6.58IC50260nMCHEMBL1202644

PubChem BioAssay actives

251 with measured affinity, of 493 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
4-[4-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.0200uM
4-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dipropylbutan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.0300uM
1-N’-[2-[[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]furan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]ethyl]-1-N-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.0400uM
2-phenyl-4-[4-(3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-1,3-thiazole;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.0500uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-[(E)-2-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.0500uM
2-(4-methyl-12-phenyl-13-oxa-3,6-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,6]trideca-1(9),2,4,7-tetraen-5-yl)acetonitrile78910: Inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase as reduced acid formation in rabbit gastric glandsic500.0640uM
2-(2-methyl-8-phenylmethoxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)acetonitrile78910: Inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase as reduced acid formation in rabbit gastric glandsic500.0650uM
4-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-diethylbutan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.0800uM
N,N-diethyl-3-[4-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.0900uM
4-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dipropylbutan-1-amine;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.1100uM
N,N-dibutyl-4-[4-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]butan-1-amine;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.1200uM
2-[2-methyl-8-(2-phenylethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetonitrile78910: Inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase as reduced acid formation in rabbit gastric glandsic500.1300uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzothiazole;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.1300uM
3-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dipropylpropan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.1400uM
3-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenoxy]-N,N-dipropylpropan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.1400uM
N-[3-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]propyl]-N-butylbutan-1-amine;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.1500uM
3-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-diethylpropan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.1500uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylbutoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzothiazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.1600uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(4-piperidin-1-ylbutoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.1700uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylbutoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.1700uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzothiazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.1800uM
4-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-diethylbutan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.1800uM
3-[4-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]-N,N-dipropylpropan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.1800uM
4-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dibutylbutan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.1800uM
2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfinylmethyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylaniline78730: In vitro inhibitory activity against H+/K+ ATPase prepared from canine fundic mucosaic500.2000uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(4-imidazol-1-ylbutoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzothiazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2000uM
3-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dipropylpropan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2200uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(5-imidazol-1-ylpentoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.2300uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.2300uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.2300uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-(5-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.2400uM
6-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methylsulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2500uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.2500uM
N-[3-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenoxy]propyl]-N-butylbutan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2500uM
N-[3-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]propyl]-N-butylbutan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2500uM
N-[2-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-N-butylbutan-1-amine;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2600uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-[(E)-2-(5-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2600uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-[(E)-2-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2600uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2600uM
2-[(E)-2-[4-(4-imidazol-1-ylbutoxy)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2700uM
N-butyl-N-[3-[4-[(E)-2-(5-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]propyl]butan-1-amine;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.2900uM
2-benzyl-1-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]guanidine;hydrochloride78732: Inhibitory activity against dog gastric proton-pump enzyme H+/K+ ATPaseic500.3000uM
2-methyl-8-phenylmethoxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine78910: Inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase as reduced acid formation in rabbit gastric glandsic500.3100uM
N-butyl-N-[2-[4-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]ethyl]butan-1-amine;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.3100uM
4-[4-(4-imidazol-1-ylbutoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole;hydrate;hydrochloride167650: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’ -monophosphate (dcAMP)ic500.3100uM
3-[4-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-diethylpropan-1-amine;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.3200uM
4-[4-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazole;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.3700uM
2-phenyl-4-[4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-1,3-thiazole;hydrochloride167652: Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamineic500.3900uM
2-[(4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)methylsulfinyl]-6-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1H-benzimidazole78913: In vitro evaluation for the inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase at pH < 3 in the gastric glands of isolated rabbit stomach.ic500.3981uM
Lansoprazole78913: In vitro evaluation for the inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase at pH < 3 in the gastric glands of isolated rabbit stomach.ic500.3981uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

17 total (human), top 17 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases methylation2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
propionaldehydeincreases expression1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoatedecreases expression1
sodium arseniteaffects methylation1
butyraldehydeincreases expression1
pentanalincreases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
Acetaminophenincreases expression1
Aldehydesincreases expression1
Estradiolaffects binding, increases reaction1
Tretinoinaffects expression1
Valproic Acidincreases methylation1
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphateincreases expression1
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumincreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation1
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

17 unique, capped per target: 13 binding, 4 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL686427BindingInhibitory activity against dog gastric proton-pump enzyme H+/K+ ATPaseAntiulcer agents. 4-substituted 2-guanidinothiazoles: reversible, competitive, and selective inhibitors of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase. — J Med Chem
CHEMBL765030FunctionalInhibition of [14C]aminopyrine (AP) accumulation stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in isolated rabbit parietal cellsNicotinamide derivatives as a new class of gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-substituted 2-(benzhydryl- and benzylsulfinyl)nicotinamides. — J Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

169 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00142259PHASE4UNKNOWNEfficacy and Safety of DBS of the GPi in Patients With Primary Generalized and Segmental Dystonia
NCT00950196PHASE4COMPLETEDAmantadine for Improving Neurologic Symptoms in Ataxia-Telangiectasia
NCT00998660PHASE4COMPLETEDRECHARGE Sub-Study to the Implantable Systems Performance Registry (ISPR)
NCT02263417PHASE4COMPLETEDA Randomized Controlled Trail Comparing Subthalamic and Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia
NCT00169403PHASE3UNKNOWNPallidal Stimulation in Patients With Idiopathic Generalised Dystonia
NCT03232320PHASE3COMPLETEDMeditoxin® Treatment in Patients With Cervical Dystonia
NCT00001784PHASE2COMPLETEDMexiletine for the Treatment of Focal Dystonia
NCT00105430PHASE2COMPLETEDDeep Brain Stimulation for Cervical Dystonia
NCT00106782PHASE2COMPLETEDTranscranial Electrical Polarization to Treat Focal Hand Dystonia
NCT00122044PHASE2COMPLETEDChildhood Hypertonia of Central Origin: A Trial of Anticholinergic Treatment Effects
NCT00169338PHASE2COMPLETEDPallidal Stimulation in Patients With Post-anoxic and Idiopathic Dystonia
NCT00331669PHASE2UNKNOWNEfficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the Pallidal (GPi) in Patients With Tardive Dystonia
NCT02107261PHASE2COMPLETEDIncobotulinum Toxin A (Xeomin®) As A Treatment For Focal Task-Specific Dystonia Of The Musician’s Hand
NCT02470325PHASE2UNKNOWNThe Effects of Cannabis on Dystonia and Spasticity on Pediatric Patients
NCT05027997PHASE2COMPLETEDExploratory Study of Dipraglurant (ADX48621) for the Treatment of Patients With Blepharospasm
NCT06412653PHASE2COMPLETEDProspective Pilot Trial to Address Feasibility and Safety of Oral Zinc in GNAO1 Associated Disorders
NCT07304089PHASE2RECRUITINGA Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of VIM0423 in Individuals With Isolated Dystonia
NCT01433757PHASE1COMPLETEDAmpicillin for DYT-1 Dystonia Motor Symptoms
NCT01698450PHASE1COMPLETEDMagnetic Resonance (MR) Guided Functional Ultrasound-Neurosurgery for Movement Disorders
NCT02982304PHASE1UNKNOWNMulti-Target Pallidal and Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Hemi-Dystonia
NCT06117020PHASE1COMPLETEDSingle and Multiple Ascending Dose Study of MTR-601 in Healthy Individuals
NCT06554288PHASE1RECRUITINGPharmacogenomic Contributions to Trihexyphenidyl Biotransformation and Response in Children With Dystonic Cerebral Palsy
NCT00004421PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDDeep Brain Stimulation in Treating Patients With Dystonia
NCT00272246PHASE2/PHASE3UNKNOWNBilateral Internal Pallidum Stimulation in Primary Generalized Dystonia
NCT00608231PHASE2/PHASE3WITHDRAWNDexmedetomidine Effects on Microelectrode Recording in Deep Brain Stimulation
NCT04277247PHASE2/PHASE3UNKNOWNBotulinum Toxin Type A for Foot Dystonia-associated Pain in Parkinson’s Disease
NCT02015039PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDPilot Trial of Botulinum Toxin and Occupational Therapy for Writer’s Cramp
NCT02911103PHASE1/PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGDeep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Focal Hand Dystonia
NCT04727177EARLY_PHASE1UNKNOWNPrecision-targeted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Primary Dystonia
NCT00006336Not specifiedCOMPLETEDSensory Training to Treat Focal Dystonia
NCT00017875Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Studies of Dystonia
NCT00029601Not specifiedCOMPLETEDSurround Inhibition in Patients With Dystonia
NCT00031369Not specifiedTERMINATEDBrain Anatomy in Dystonia
NCT00047957Not specifiedCOMPLETEDBrain Inhibition of Muscle Movement in Normal Volunteers
NCT00050024Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electrical Stimulation of Nerves to Study Focal Dystonia
NCT00072956Not specifiedCOMPLETEDThe Physiology of Tricks
NCT00082615Not specifiedCOMPLETEDNeurophysiological Markers in Patients With Craniofacial Dystonia and Their Relatives
NCT00102999Not specifiedCOMPLETEDBrain Function in Focal Dystonia
NCT00285870Not specifiedCOMPLETEDQuantification of Upper Extremity Hypertonia
NCT00355927Not specifiedUNKNOWNSedation During Microelectrode Recordings Before Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders.