ATRNL1

Summary

ATRNL1 (attractin like 1, HGNC:29063) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q25.3, encoding Attractin-like protein 1 (Q5VV63). May play a role in melanocortin signaling pathways that regulate energy homeostasis.

Predicted to enable Notch binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 26033 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 8
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 218 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_207303

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29063
Approved symbol	ATRNL1
Name	attractin like 1
Location	10q25.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KIAA0534, FLJ45344, ALP
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000107518
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	612869
Entrez	26033

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 6 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000355044, ENST00000424738, ENST00000449616, ENST00000524503, ENST00000526373, ENST00000526946, ENST00000527407, ENST00000534530, ENST00000609571, ENST00000616894, ENST00000650603, ENST00000943847

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_207303 NM_001276282, NM_207303

CCDS: CCDS73204, CCDS7592

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000355044 — 29 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000986750	115461941	115462035
ENSE00001234284	115847877	115847991
ENSE00001234294	115727248	115727355
ENSE00001598484	115281355	115281487
ENSE00001603299	115334282	115334419
ENSE00001619722	115265193	115265277
ENSE00001650462	115268326	115268444
ENSE00001732000	115300034	115300247
ENSE00001763357	115266797	115267005
ENSE00001769012	115171037	115171292
ENSE00001794611	115286216	115286397
ENSE00001803926	115241571	115241725
ENSE00001956054	115944658	115948999
ENSE00003493527	115301855	115302043
ENSE00003496503	115519263	115519324
ENSE00003499523	115469172	115469329
ENSE00003538216	115467174	115467252
ENSE00003559078	115215697	115215880
ENSE00003651669	115426250	115426302
ENSE00003661812	115549458	115549536
ENSE00003664106	115315518	115315736
ENSE00003674296	115394659	115394752
ENSE00003702472	115127593	115127721
ENSE00003703573	115093365	115094043
ENSE00003704837	115160040	115160214
ENSE00003705579	115165558	115165645
ENSE00003706493	115129327	115129535
ENSE00003708238	115121699	115121812
ENSE00003709427	115120185	115120268

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 206 present calls, max score 97.99.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 3.9737 / max 143.5361, expressed in 672 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
107175	1.3698	437
107174	0.9210	219
107176	0.8534	319
107177	0.5521	223
206001	0.1638	70
107173	0.1136	54

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	97.99	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	92.60	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	91.75	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	91.31	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	91.06	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	90.06	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	89.87	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	88.93	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	88.86	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	88.61	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	88.27	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	88.11	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	88.04	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	87.79	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	87.75	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	86.81	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	86.71	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	86.66	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	85.20	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	85.14	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	84.55	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	84.45	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	84.20	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	84.10	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	84.04	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	83.25	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	83.14	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	81.91	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	81.57	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	81.37	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-25	yes	1945.86
E-HCAD-35	yes	107.71
E-GEOD-75688	yes	88.48
E-ANND-3	yes	5.31

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

200 targeting ATRNL1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-4425	100.00	67.59	1049
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-196A-5P	100.00	68.16	684
HSA-MIR-196B-5P	100.00	68.16	681
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-34A-5P	99.99	71.21	1784
HSA-MIR-449A	99.99	71.05	1776
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-9-3P	99.96	70.88	2068
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• Transgenic overexpression of Attractin-like-1 (Atrnl1), which compensates for loss of ATRN, does not rescue dark-like mutant phenotypes. (PMID:18821597)
• Transcriptional factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer via regulating attractin-like 1. (PMID:38158696)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	atrnl1b	ENSDARG00000006420
danio_rerio	atrnl1a	ENSDARG00000077188
mus_musculus	Atrnl1	ENSMUSG00000054843
rattus_norvegicus	Atrnl1	ENSRNOG00000017406

Paralogs (27): USH2A (ENSG00000042781), LAMC3 (ENSG00000050555), LAMA3 (ENSG00000053747), LAMC2 (ENSG00000058085), NTN1 (ENSG00000065320), NTN4 (ENSG00000074527), ATRN (ENSG00000088812), LAMB4 (ENSG00000091128), LAMB1 (ENSG00000091136), LAMA1 (ENSG00000101680), MEGF8 (ENSG00000105429), MEGF9 (ENSG00000106780), LAMA4 (ENSG00000112769), LAMA5 (ENSG00000130702), LAMC1 (ENSG00000135862), NTN5 (ENSG00000142233), HSPG2 (ENSG00000142798), TMEFF2 (ENSG00000144339), NTN3 (ENSG00000162068), NTNG1 (ENSG00000162631), EGFLAM (ENSG00000164318), LAMB2 (ENSG00000172037), AGRN (ENSG00000188157), NTNG2 (ENSG00000196358), LAMA2 (ENSG00000196569), LAMB3 (ENSG00000196878), TMEFF1 (ENSG00000241697)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Attractin-like protein 1 — Q5VV63 (reviewed: Q5VV63)

All UniProt accessions (6): Q5VV63, A0A087X0X7, A0A3B3ISV6, E9PL90, H0YDQ9, R4GMZ1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a role in melanocortin signaling pathways that regulate energy homeostasis.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with MC4R.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q5VV63-1	1	yes
Q5VV63-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001263211, NP_997186* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000742	EGF	Domain
IPR000859	CUB_dom	Domain
IPR001304	C-type_lectin-like	Domain
IPR002049	LE_dom	Domain
IPR002165	Plexin_repeat	Repeat
IPR015915	Kelch-typ_b-propeller	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016186	C-type_lectin-like/link_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016187	CTDL_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016201	PSI	Domain
IPR034011	Attractin-like_CTLD	Domain
IPR035914	Sperma_CUB_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR051568	LZTR1/Attractin	Family
IPR056732	GBD_ATRN	Domain
IPR056737	Beta-prop_ATRN-MKLN-like	Domain
IPR056863	LMN_ATRN_NET-like_EGF	Domain

Pfam: PF00431, PF01437, PF23106, PF24972, PF24973, PF24981

UniProt features (50 total): disulfide bond 15, domain 11, glycosylation site 8, repeat 6, topological domain 2, region of interest 2, splice variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q5VV63-F1	80.91	0.41

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (15): 63–79, 81–90, 93–119, 211–221, 215–233, 235–244, 776–872, 1014–1022, 1016–1028, 1031–1040, 1043–1057, 1060–1069, 1062–1076, 1078–1088, 1091–1106

Glycosylation sites (8): 76, 174, 198, 380, 763, 778, 898, 1157

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 172 (showing top): GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, MORF_ZNF10, CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_1, BILD_E2F3_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_6HR_UP, HTF_01, SCHLOSSER_SERUM_RESPONSE_DN, MORF_EPHA7, MORF_RAB3A, LASTOWSKA_NEUROBLASTOMA_COPY_NUMBER_DN, MORF_WNT1, FOXJ2_02, GOMF_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_BINDING, SOX5_01, MORF_IL9

GO Biological Process (1): G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)

GO Molecular Function (3): Notch binding (GO:0005112), carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (1): membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	2
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
signaling receptor binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

830 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ATRNL1	MC4R	P32245	595
ATRNL1	MC1R	Q01726	595
ATRNL1	ANKRD61	A6NGH8	411
ATRNL1	FHIP2A	Q5W0V3	391
ATRNL1	SLCO6A1	Q86UG4	389
ATRNL1	RNF157	Q96PX1	374
ATRNL1	GRAMD2B	Q96HH9	351
ATRNL1	TTR	P02766	348
ATRNL1	THRA	P10827	348
ATRNL1	SLX4IP	Q5VYV7	348
ATRNL1	BCS1L	Q9Y276	348
ATRNL1	COL3A1	P02461	347
ATRNL1	TMEM216	Q9P0N5	347
ATRNL1	SLC30A5	Q8TAD4	345
ATRNL1	BCL3	P20749	343

IntAct

127 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ANKRD46	ATRN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ATRNL1	SYNJ2BP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	MAGI3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	LNX2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	PDZD2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	MAGI2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	MAST2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	HTRA1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	MAGI1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	APBA1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	DLG1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	PTPN3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	HTRA3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	DLG4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	MAST1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	TJP2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	LNX1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	HTRA4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	RADIL	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	PATJ	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	DLG3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	DLG2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	PDZD7	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	GORASP2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATRNL1	SCRIB	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440

BioGRID (28): ATRNL1 (Proximity Label-MS), ATRNL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATRNL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATRNL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATRNL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATRNL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATRNL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATRNL1 (Two-hybrid), ATRNL1 (Two-hybrid), SLC12A4 (Co-fractionation), CLCN4 (Co-fractionation), LNPEP (Co-fractionation), CLCN3 (Co-fractionation), CLCN5 (Co-fractionation), LYSMD4 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1D5PUP4, A2AFS3, M0R7X9, O70472, O75882, O95803, P01134, P26012, P52799, P52848, P69849, Q02353, Q05204, Q0VCJ8, Q12841, Q13635, Q15155, Q3UHN9, Q3ZBS2, Q58D84, Q5EA46, Q5JPE7, Q5R9Y1, Q5U4X8, Q5VV63, Q5ZJB7, Q5ZMH6, Q61115, Q62356, Q62632, Q6A051, Q6GQK9, Q6GQT9, Q6P988, Q6UXG2, Q7Z5A7, Q86TD4, Q90693, Q91WE9, Q96CW9

Diamond homologs: A0JP86, A2ASQ1, G5ECE3, O00468, O00634, O09118, O15230, O75445, O75882, O95631, P02468, P11047, P15215, P19137, P24043, P25304, P25391, P31696, P34710, P97927, Q00174, Q01635, Q13751, Q13753, Q16363, Q16787, Q18823, Q19981, Q1LVF0, Q24567, Q24568, Q27262, Q2HXW4, Q2QI47, Q5RB89, Q5VV63, Q60675, Q61001, Q61087, Q61092

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 90 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Dopamine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle	5	43.5×	6e-06
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors	9	40.1×	1e-10
Neurexins and neuroligins	11	38.0×	9e-13
Protein-protein interactions at synapses	7	32.6×	1e-07
Neuronal System	7	5.4×	4e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity	10	66.8×	1e-13
protein localization to synapse	6	52.8×	2e-07
receptor clustering	6	43.0×	6e-07
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels	7	39.9×	1e-07
protein-containing complex assembly	9	11.8×	7e-06
cell-cell adhesion	9	10.5×	2e-05
chemical synaptic transmission	7	6.2×	4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

218 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	189
Likely benign	5
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

6845 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:115120180:TCCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:115120182:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:115120184:G:GC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:115120265:GCTA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115120266:CTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115120269:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115127591:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:115127591:AGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:115127592:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:115127592:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:115127592:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:115127717:TATTC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115127718:ATTC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115127718:ATTCG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115127719:TTC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115127719:TTCGT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115127720:TC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115127721:CG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115127722:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
10:115127722:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115127723:T:TC	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115127724:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115127725:A:AC	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115129325:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:115129326:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:115129533:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115129534:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115129536:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115129537:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
10:115160208:TCCTA:T	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

9105 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
10:115094005:G:C	W85C	1.000
10:115094005:G:T	W85C	1.000
10:115094027:T:C	C93R	1.000
10:115120246:T:A	C119S	1.000
10:115120246:T:C	C119R	1.000
10:115120247:G:C	C119S	1.000
10:115120248:T:G	C119W	1.000
10:115120252:T:A	W121R	1.000
10:115120252:T:C	W121R	1.000
10:115120254:G:C	W121C	1.000
10:115120254:G:T	W121C	1.000
10:115120256:T:C	L122P	1.000
10:115121745:T:A	C142S	1.000
10:115121745:T:C	C142R	1.000
10:115121746:G:A	C142Y	1.000
10:115121746:G:C	C142S	1.000
10:115121747:T:G	C142W	1.000
10:115121751:T:A	W144R	1.000
10:115121751:T:C	W144R	1.000
10:115121753:G:C	W144C	1.000
10:115121753:G:T	W144C	1.000
10:115121754:G:C	D145H	1.000
10:115121755:A:C	D145A	1.000
10:115121755:A:G	D145G	1.000
10:115121755:A:T	D145V	1.000
10:115127678:A:C	S193R	1.000
10:115127679:G:T	S193I	1.000
10:115127680:T:A	S193R	1.000
10:115127680:T:G	S193R	1.000
10:115127682:A:C	D194A	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000003588 (10:115263847 G>A), RS1000010329 (10:115306001 A>G), RS1000014958 (10:115771380 G>A), RS1000015281 (10:115890567 T>G), RS1000018477 (10:115848254 C>T), RS1000019924 (10:115478183 C>G), RS1000023893 (10:115171620 C>G), RS1000024239 (10:115454152 A>G), RS1000024523 (10:115608738 T>C), RS1000028516 (10:115132190 T>C), RS1000035866 (10:115373836 T>A), RS1000037839 (10:115933401 A>G), RS1000066874 (10:115113025 A>C,G), RS1000083498 (10:115305710 T>C), RS1000100570 (10:115432370 A>C,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612869 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

8 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000905_15	Information processing speed	2.000000e-06
GCST003993_42	Menarche (age at onset)	3.000000e-09
GCST004162_10	Carotid plaque burden	9.000000e-06
GCST004691_18	Huntington’s disease progression	9.000000e-06
GCST007239_18	Ovarian cancer	8.000000e-06
GCST007325_146	General risk tolerance (MTAG)	3.000000e-12
GCST007325_207	General risk tolerance (MTAG)	2.000000e-08
GCST008368_8	Plasma anti-thyroid peroxidase levels	2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004363	information processing speed
EFO:0004703	age at menarche
EFO:0006501	carotid plaque build
EFO:0008336	disease progression measurement
EFO:0008579	risk-taking behaviour

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

25 total (human), top 25 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, decreases methylation	8
trichostatin A	increases expression	2
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	affects methylation	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
bazedoxifene	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Boron	increases expression	1
Fonofos	increases methylation	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	1
Methapyrilene	decreases methylation	1
Parathion	increases methylation	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	affects methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.