AXIN2

Summary

AXIN2 (axin 2, HGNC:904) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q24.1, encoding Axin-2 (Q9Y2T1). Inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. It is haploinsufficient (ClinGen: sufficient evidence).

The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin. Apparently, the deregulation of beta-catenin is an important event in the genesis of a number of malignancies. The AXIN2 gene has been mapped to 17q23-q24, a region that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and other tumors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair.

Source: NCBI Gene 8313 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome (Definitive, ClinGen) — +2 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 7
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 4,321 total — 159 pathogenic, 28 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 22
• Druggable target: yes
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency sufficient evidence, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004655

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:904
Approved symbol	AXIN2
Name	axin 2
Location	17q24.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC126582, DKFZp781B0869
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168646
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604025
Entrez	8313

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 14 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000307078, ENST00000375702, ENST00000544103, ENST00000577278, ENST00000578251, ENST00000580513, ENST00000585045, ENST00000618960, ENST00000881031, ENST00000881032, ENST00000881033, ENST00000881034, ENST00000881035, ENST00000936614, ENST00000936615

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_004655 NM_001363813, NM_004655

CCDS: CCDS11662, CCDS86634

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000307078 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001313720	65528563	65530102
ENSE00002208797	65537324	65537835
ENSE00002217078	65533912	65534079
ENSE00002234098	65538203	65538343
ENSE00002259548	65536320	65536553
ENSE00002314183	65536869	65537063
ENSE00003491851	65535626	65535721
ENSE00003596705	65549520	65549660
ENSE00003603935	65541455	65541557
ENSE00003798533	65557806	65558736
ENSE00003845504	65561450	65561648

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 221 present calls, max score 92.93.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 8.6536 / max 457.1661, expressed in 1154 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
167640	3.6421	833
167636	1.8919	419
167642	0.8297	448
167639	0.6620	352
167637	0.6179	258
167644	0.5013	178
167643	0.1781	74
167641	0.1679	78
167638	0.1628	60

Top tissues by expression

245 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	92.93	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	91.61	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	88.79	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	88.78	silver quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	88.73	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	88.46	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	88.45	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	88.35	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	87.95	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	87.73	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	87.21	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	85.90	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	85.70	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	85.70	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	85.62	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	85.50	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	85.40	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	85.33	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	85.29	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	84.93	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	84.93	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	84.83	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	84.70	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	84.67	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	84.63	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	84.59	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	84.12	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	84.08	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	84.06	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	83.79	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.05

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): APP, ASCL1, CDX2, CTNNB1, DLX4, DNMT3A, E2F1, ESR1, FHIT, GRHL3, HNF4A, MYC, NFATC4, NR4A2, RUNX2, RUNX3, SATB2, SOX17, SOX4, TCF7, TCF7L2, WNT3A

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

114 targeting AXIN2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-656-3P	100.00	72.15	2788
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227
HSA-MIR-144-3P	99.94	73.98	2698
HSA-MIR-101-3P	99.94	75.03	2230
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-6835-3P	99.93	70.49	2904
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-6768-5P	99.92	67.36	1942
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-589-3P	99.91	69.62	2088
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 3 (sufficient evidence), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Activation of AXIN2 expression by beta-catenin-T cell factor (PMID:11940574)
• Mutations in AXIN2 cause familial tooth agenesis and predispose to colorectal cancer (PMID:15042511)
• axin2 expression is regulated by its alternative 5’UTR mRNA (PMID:15611123)
• E2F1 induces stabilisation of axin2 mRNAs (PMID:15766563)
• epigenetic silencing of AXIN2 is specifically associated with carcinogenesis in colorectal carcinoma with microsatellite instability (PMID:16247484)
• Results show Low frequency of AXIN2 mutations in patients with multiple polyposis. (PMID:16941501)
• The identification of a beta-catenin-T-cell factor-regulated Axin2-GSK3beta-Snail1 axis provides new mechanistic insights into cancer-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition programmes. (PMID:17072303)
• AXIN1, AXIN2 and TCF7L2 may have roles in development of colorectal carcinomas [review] (PMID:17143297)
• Findings indicate that mutations of AXIN2 can lead to an oncogenic activation of the Wnt pathway in medulloblastomas. (PMID:17373666)
• Mutatated Axin2 can not form dimers, disturbs the degradation of beta-catenin, and leads to the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt signaling pathway. (PMID:17927870)
• Mutations in AXIN1 and AXIN2 may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. (PMID:18330950)
• a high level of p53 downregulates the beta-catenin expression, but this effect is attenuated by non-functional AXIN2 or betaTrCP in lung cancer. (PMID:18372914)
• Germline AXIN2 mutation is associated with melanoma (PMID:18384130)
• Only borderline results for the association of AXIN2 and CDH1 with oral clefts with and without tooth agenesis. (PMID:18683894)
• Five snps in AXIN2 were associated with increased breast cancer risk. AXIN2 rs4791171 was significantly associated with risk in premenopausal women. (PMID:18708403)
• Frameshift mutations of Wnt pathway genes AXIN2 and TCF4 in gastric carcinomas with high microsatellite instability are reported. (PMID:18755497)
• Results support a role of AXIN2 in human tooth agenesis and for the first time suggests AXIN2 is involved in sporadic forms of common incisor agenesis. (PMID:18790474)
• The rs8081536 allelic variation in AXIN2 gene does not contribute to the susceptibility of HSCR in the patients. AXIN2 rs2240308 and rs9913621 allelic variation might be related to HSCR. (PMID:19065536)
• a gene that when mutated increases susceptibility to colon cancer also is associated with cleft lip and palate (PMID:19119171)
• Axin2 regulates chondrocyte maturation and axial skeletal development (PMID:19623616)
• AXIN2 has ben implicated int he mixed form of tooth agenesis. (PMID:19816326)
• The data indicate that conductin regulate centrosomal cohesion by altering the phosphorylation status of beta-catenin at the centrosomes. (PMID:20300119)
• the AXIN2 Intron2 rs35285779 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with development of prostate cancer as a protective SNP (PMID:21069480)
• Molecular analysis disclosed six distinct heterozygous AXIN2 variations in familial melanoma subjects. (PMID:21294210)
• axin associates with ubiquitin-specific protease 34 (USP34); results indicate USP34 controls the levels of axin and positively modulate Wnt signaling by acting downstream of beta-catenin stabilization through controlling the nuclear accumulation of axin (PMID:21383061)
• novel Axin 2 gene mutations may be a predisposing factor in ethnic Kashmiri population to colorectal cancer (PMID:21541676)
• a cohort of 93 Swedish probands with non-syndromic, isolated oligodontia, mutations were identified in the EDARADD), AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 genes (PMID:21626677)
• AXIN2, a Wnt target gene, showed increased expression in all serous ovarian cancer samples. (PMID:21666490)
• The results of this study indicated that Axin2 is an essential regulator of remyelination and that it might serve as a pharmacological checkpoint in this process. (PMID:21706018)
• The present study reports, for the first time, that AXIN2 genetic defects may be found in adrenocortical tumors. (PMID:21733995)
• RNF146 RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling that operates with tankyrase to maintain low steady-state levels of Axin proteins (PMID:21799911)
• CDC20-mediated degradation of conductin regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling for maximal activity during G1/S. (PMID:22322943)
• results continue to support a role for AXIN2 in the etiology of human clefting (PMID:22370446)
• Axin2 acts as a potent promoter of carcinoma behavior by up-regulating the activity of the transcriptional repressor, Snail1, inducing a functional epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and driving metastatic activity (PMID:22745173)
• Borderline association with a decreased risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was observed for the AXIN2 rs3923087 variant. (PMID:22887353)
• tooth agenesis had increased risk of a family history of cancer. tooth agenesis was associated with positive self-reported family history of cancer and variants in AXIN2. (PMID:23169889)
• CDX2 activated APC and AXIN2 promoter activities via intestinal cell-specific enhancer elements; results suggest that a low CDX2 level has influence on the Wnt signaling in invasive colon cancer cells possibly promoting cellular migration (PMID:23393221)
• rs3923086 in AXIN2 and rs3763511 in DKK4 that did not show any association in the overall population were significantly associated with early on-set and estrogen receptor negative breast cancers, respectively. (PMID:23516639)
• Axin2 regulates nuclear GSK-3 localization and Snail mediated E-cadherin promoter activity in colorectal cancer cells. (PMID:23624843)
• The generally increased expression of axin 2 in all tumor stages as compared to normal tissue suggests an initiating pathogenic function in the development of colorectal carcinoma. (PMID:23702820)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	axin2	ENSDARG00000100149
mus_musculus	Axin2	ENSMUSG00000000142
rattus_norvegicus	Axin2	ENSRNOG00000055010

Paralogs (23): RGS11 (ENSG00000076344), RGS1 (ENSG00000090104), RGS17 (ENSG00000091844), AXIN1 (ENSG00000103126), RGS9 (ENSG00000108370), RGS2 (ENSG00000116741), RGS4 (ENSG00000117152), RGSL1 (ENSG00000121446), RGS13 (ENSG00000127074), RGS22 (ENSG00000132554), RGS8 (ENSG00000135824), RGS3 (ENSG00000138835), RGS5 (ENSG00000143248), RGS16 (ENSG00000143333), RGS20 (ENSG00000147509), RGS10 (ENSG00000148908), RGS18 (ENSG00000150681), RGS12 (ENSG00000159788), RGS14 (ENSG00000169220), RGS19 (ENSG00000171700), RGS6 (ENSG00000182732), RGS7 (ENSG00000182901), RGS21 (ENSG00000253148)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Axin-2 — Q9Y2T1 (reviewed: Q9Y2T1)

Alternative names: Axin-like protein, Axis inhibition protein 2, Conductin

All UniProt accessions (6): Q9Y2T1, A0A1B0GX50, E7ES00, F5GX43, J3QQJ3, J3QRK4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates beta-catenin. Probably facilitate the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and APC by GSK3B.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) and beta-catenin. The interaction between axin and beta-catenin occurs via the armadillo repeats contained in beta-catenin. Interacts with SMAD7 and RNF111. Interacts with ANKRD6. Interacts with SIAH1. Interacts with SIAH2.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in brain and lymphoblast.

Post-translational modifications. Probably phosphorylated by GSK3B and dephosphorylated by PP2A. ADP-ribosylated by tankyrase TNKS and TNKS2. Poly-ADP-ribosylated protein is recognized by RNF146, followed by ubiquitination and subsequent activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Ubiquitinated by RNF146 when poly-ADP-ribosylated, leading to its degradation and subsequent activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Deubiquitinated by USP34, deubiquitinated downstream of beta-catenin stabilization step: deubiquitination is important Wnt signaling to positively regulate beta-catenin (CTNBB1)-mediated transcription.

Disease relevance. Colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:114500] A complex disease characterized by malignant lesions arising from the inner wall of the large intestine (the colon) and the rectum. Genetic alterations are often associated with progression from premalignant lesion (adenoma) to invasive adenocarcinoma. Risk factors for cancer of the colon and rectum include colon polyps, long-standing ulcerative colitis, and genetic family history. The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis. Oligodontia-colorectal cancer syndrome (ODCRCS) [MIM:608615] Affected individuals manifest severe tooth agenesis and colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions of variable types. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Domain organisation. The tankyrase-binding motif (also named TBD) is required for interaction with tankyrase TNKS and TNKS2.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001350742, NP_004646* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001158	DIX	Domain
IPR014936	Axin_b-cat-bd	Domain
IPR016137	RGS	Domain
IPR024066	RGS_subdom1/3	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029071	Ubiquitin-like_domsf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR032101	Axin_TNKS-bd	Domain
IPR036305	RGS_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR038207	DIX_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR043581	Axin-like	Family
IPR044926	RGS_subdomain_2	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00615, PF00778, PF08833, PF16646

UniProt features (22 total): region of interest 8, sequence conflict 5, compositionally biased region 4, domain 2, chain 1, short sequence motif 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8HEO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.53

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y2T1-F1	61.71	0.24

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

13 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-201681	TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT
R-HSA-4411364	Binding of TCF/LEF:CTNNB1 to target gene promoters
R-HSA-4641257	Degradation of AXIN
R-HSA-5689880	Ub-specific processing proteases
R-HSA-9943962	CHD6, CHD7, CHD8, CHD9 subfamily
R-HSA-4086398	Ca2+ pathway
R-HSA-4641265	Repression of WNT target genes
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-195721	Signaling by WNT
R-HSA-201722	Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5688426	Deubiquitination
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification

MSigDB gene sets: 459 (showing top): GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_EMBRYO_DEVELOPMENT_ENDING_IN_BIRTH_OR_EGG_HATCHING, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_FAT_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEASOMAL_UBIQUITIN_DEPENDENT_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_AXIS_SPECIFICATION, GOBP_CARTILAGE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_SKELETAL_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MRNA_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_EPITHELIAL_TO_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CARTILAGE_DEVELOPMENT, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_CORTICOSTEROID, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6

GO Biological Process (35): osteoblast differentiation (GO:0001649), somitogenesis (GO:0001756), intramembranous ossification (GO:0001957), secondary heart field specification (GO:0003139), aortic valve morphogenesis (GO:0003180), mitral valve morphogenesis (GO:0003183), chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis (GO:0003413), intracellular protein localization (GO:0008104), dorsal/ventral axis specification (GO:0009950), positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010718), bone mineralization (GO:0030282), regulation of mismatch repair (GO:0032423), positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0032436), osteoblast proliferation (GO:0033687), negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation (GO:0033689), odontogenesis (GO:0042476), proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0043161), maintenance of DNA repeat elements (GO:0043570), positive regulation of fat cell differentiation (GO:0045600), negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045668), mRNA stabilization (GO:0048255), cell development (GO:0048468), canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0060070), regulation of chondrocyte development (GO:0061181), regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion (GO:0070602), cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus (GO:0071549), stem cell proliferation (GO:0072089), negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090), regulation of extracellular matrix organization (GO:1903053), cell population proliferation (GO:0008283), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0016055), regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030111), negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030178), response to steroid hormone (GO:0048545)

GO Molecular Function (7): beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), ubiquitin protein ligase binding (GO:0031625), molecular adaptor activity (GO:0060090), I-SMAD binding (GO:0070411), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), centrosome (GO:0005813), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), beta-catenin destruction complex (GO:0030877), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-10 pathways:

Category	Pathways
TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT	2
Signaling by WNT	1
Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex	1
Deubiquitination	1
CHD chromatin remodelers	1
Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling	1
Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex	1
Signal Transduction	1
Post-translational protein modification	1
Metabolism of proteins	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
ossification	2
positive regulation of cell differentiation	2
protein binding	2
binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
cell differentiation	1
anterior/posterior pattern specification	1
segmentation	1
chordate embryonic development	1
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis	1
somite development	1
direct ossification	1
heart field specification	1
aortic valve development	1
heart valve morphogenesis	1
mitral valve development	1
atrioventricular valve morphogenesis	1
chondrocyte differentiation	1
endochondral bone morphogenesis	1
cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis	1
macromolecule localization	1
axis specification	1
dorsal/ventral pattern formation	1
epithelial to mesenchymal transition	1
regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
biomineral tissue development	1
regulation of DNA repair	1
mismatch repair	1
regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	1
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	1
positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process	1
positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	1
cell population proliferation	1
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	1
osteoblast proliferation	1
regulation of osteoblast proliferation	1
animal organ morphogenesis	1
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	1
proteasomal protein catabolic process	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2758 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
AXIN2	GSK3B	P49841	997
AXIN2	APC	P25054	994
AXIN2	CSNK1A1	P48729	994
AXIN2	CTNNB1	P35222	993
AXIN2	AXIN1	O15169	984
AXIN2	BTRC	Q9Y297	926
AXIN2	RLIM	Q9NVW2	913
AXIN2	DVL1	O14640	893
AXIN2	NKD1	Q969G9	889
AXIN2	WNT3A	P56704	887
AXIN2	LEF1	Q9UJU2	880
AXIN2	DKK1	O94907	865
AXIN2	LRP5	O75197	841
AXIN2	TCF7	P36402	814
AXIN2	RNF111	Q6ZNA4	810

IntAct

165 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GSK3B	AXIN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.980
CTNNB1	AXIN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.940
AXIN1	APC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.850
AXIN2	GSK3B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.820
GSK3A	AXIN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.800
GSK3A	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.660
AXIN2	GSK3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.660
AXIN2	PPP2CB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.650
PPP2CB	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.650
PPP2CB	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.650
AXIN2	PPP2CB	psi-mi:“MI:0203”(dephosphorylation reaction)	0.650
AMER3	APC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.630
AXIN2	SMAD4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
SMAD4	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.610
SMAD4	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
TGIF1	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.570
AXIN2	TGIF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.570
CTNNB1	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
BTRC	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TXLNB	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CHIC2	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ZNF648	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
BARD1	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KIFC3	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SCNM1	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MCRS1	AXIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (126): AXIN2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF146 (Affinity Capture-Western), AXIN2 (Affinity Capture-Western), SMAD7 (Affinity Capture-Western), RLIM (Affinity Capture-Western), RNF111 (Affinity Capture-Western), MAP3K2 (Affinity Capture-Western), AXIN2 (Reconstituted Complex), AXIN2 (Affinity Capture-MS), AXIN2 (Affinity Capture-Western), AXIN2 (Affinity Capture-Luminescence), RNF146 (Affinity Capture-Western), AXIN2 (Proximity Label-MS), AXIN2 (Affinity Capture-Luminescence), AXIN2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L8HBI7, A0A1L8HJK9, A0A1L8HTT5, A6NP61, A8T6P4, C0SPG1, C3VD30, F1N4E5, K7SGN7, O35144, O35253, O70240, O88406, O88566, Q15554, Q1XFL1, Q3ZC82, Q4KLH3, Q5HZN9, Q5JTV8, Q5PQX1, Q5R7A3, Q62315, Q68DK7, Q6P1H6, Q6PDM1, Q6PG95, Q6ZPF3, Q76N89, Q7T3T8, Q7T3T9, Q7T3U0, Q7TNY7, Q7TP65, Q7TSX9, Q80SU3, Q80VM8, Q86XL3, Q8IVF5, Q8K3I4

Diamond homologs: A1A643, F1S668, O08773, O08774, O08849, O08850, O08899, O14921, O14924, O15169, O15492, O15539, O35625, O42400, O43566, O43665, O46469, O46470, O46471, O54828, O54829, O70239, O70240, O70521, O75916, O76081, O88566, O94810, P34295, P41220, P49758, P49795, P49796, P49797, P49798, P49799, P49800, P49802, P49803, P49804

SIGNOR signaling

15 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
AXIN2	down-regulates	CTNNB1
FHIT	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	AXIN2	“transcriptional regulation”
TNKS	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	AXIN2	ubiquitination
TNKS2	down-regulates	AXIN2	ubiquitination
XAV939	up-regulates	AXIN2
AXIN2	“up-regulates activity”	GSK3B/Axin/APC	binding
RNF146	“down-regulates quantity”	AXIN2	ubiquitination
RNF146	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	AXIN2	ubiquitination
TNKS2	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	AXIN2	ADP-ribosylation
TNKS	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	AXIN2	ADP-ribosylation
PLK1	“up-regulates activity”	AXIN2	phosphorylation
hsa-miR-582-3p	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	AXIN2	“post transcriptional regulation”
AXIN2	up-regulates	APC	binding
AXIN2	down-regulates	CTNNB1	binding
AXIN2	“up-regulates activity”	GSK3B	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 71 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Signaling by GSK3beta mutants	6	89.6×	4e-09
CTNNB1 S33 mutants aren’t phosphorylated	6	89.6×	4e-09
CTNNB1 S37 mutants aren’t phosphorylated	6	89.6×	4e-09
CTNNB1 S45 mutants aren’t phosphorylated	6	89.6×	4e-09
CTNNB1 T41 mutants aren’t phosphorylated	6	89.6×	4e-09
Beta-catenin phosphorylation cascade	6	79.0×	7e-09
Disassembly of the destruction complex and recruitment of AXIN to the membrane	6	42.0×	3e-07
Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex	8	27.1×	4e-08

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	5	23.8×	7e-04
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	5	20.3×	1e-03
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	5	17.3×	1e-03
positive regulation of protein catabolic process	5	16.6×	1e-03
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	6	11.6×	1e-03
Wnt signaling pathway	6	9.8×	3e-03
protein polyubiquitination	5	9.5×	7e-03
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	11	9.4×	2e-05

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

4321 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	159
Likely pathogenic	28
Uncertain significance	2314
Likely benign	807
Benign	118

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1027572	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1928_1941del (p.Ala643fs)	Pathogenic
1027575	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2086C>T (p.Gln696Ter)	Pathogenic
1027576	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2092G>T (p.Glu698Ter)	Pathogenic
1071633	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2052del (p.Met685fs)	Pathogenic
1075037	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.579_717del (p.Asp194fs)	Pathogenic
1075358	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.731del (p.Ser244fs)	Pathogenic
1075486	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.233G>A (p.Trp78Ter)	Pathogenic
1076852	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2304C>A (p.Tyr768Ter)	Pathogenic
1370729	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.801dup (p.Asp268Ter)	Pathogenic
1372759	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1432del (p.His478fs)	Pathogenic
1378845	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2038_2039del (p.Thr680fs)	Pathogenic
1381928	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1045_1046del (p.Leu349fs)	Pathogenic
1387754	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2145_2151del (p.Cys715fs)	Pathogenic
1411927	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1511del (p.Gly504fs)	Pathogenic
1415792	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2023dup (p.Arg675fs)	Pathogenic
1421887	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.10_11del (p.Ala4fs)	Pathogenic
1453647	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1705C>T (p.Gln569Ter)	Pathogenic
1454178	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1329dup (p.Ser444fs)	Pathogenic
1456377	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1614_1642del (p.His540fs)	Pathogenic
1459569	NC_000017.10:g.(?63531734)(63554738_?)del	Pathogenic
1459586	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1659del (p.Lys554fs)	Pathogenic
1486938	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.815+1G>C	Pathogenic
1729278	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.323dup (p.Leu108fs)	Pathogenic
1730296	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.332G>A (p.Trp111Ter)	Pathogenic
1743160	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.479del (p.Gly160fs)	Pathogenic
1744031	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.490C>T (p.Gln164Ter)	Pathogenic
1751722	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.611del (p.Gly204fs)	Pathogenic
1769527	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1306C>T (p.Gln436Ter)	Pathogenic
1773248	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1466_1478del (p.Pro489fs)	Pathogenic
1778801	NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1722dup (p.Gly575fs)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

2035 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:65534075:TGTGA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65534076:GTGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65534077:TGA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65534078:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65534080:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65535624:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65535625:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65535625:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65536316:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65536317:CACCG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65536318:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65536319:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65536319:CCG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65536551:GCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65536552:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65536552:CAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65536554:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:65537317:CACTT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65537318:ACTTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65537319:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65537320:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65537321:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65537322:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65537322:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65537322:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65537323:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65537323:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65537323:CCCAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:65538199:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:65538200:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5544 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:65530094:A:G	F805S	1.000
17:65533945:A:G	F791S	1.000
17:65558187:A:T	V145D	1.000
17:65558229:G:T	A131D	1.000
17:65558271:A:G	F117S	1.000
17:65558283:G:T	A113D	1.000
17:65529998:C:T	G837D	0.999
17:65529999:C:G	G837R	0.999
17:65530025:A:T	L828H	0.999
17:65530090:T:A	K806N	0.999
17:65530090:T:G	K806N	0.999
17:65530101:A:C	Y803D	0.999
17:65533941:T:A	K792N	0.999
17:65533941:T:G	K792N	0.999
17:65533984:C:G	R778P	0.999
17:65533990:G:T	P776Q	0.999
17:65534020:A:T	V766D	0.999
17:65537708:A:G	L443P	0.999
17:65537710:G:C	H442Q	0.999
17:65537710:G:T	H442Q	0.999
17:65537712:G:C	H442D	0.999
17:65537720:A:G	L439P	0.999
17:65537720:A:T	L439Q	0.999
17:65537723:A:T	I438K	0.999
17:65538270:A:G	L378P	0.999
17:65538282:A:G	L374P	0.999
17:65558052:A:G	F190S	0.999
17:65558108:A:C	F171L	0.999
17:65558108:A:T	F171L	0.999
17:65558109:A:G	F171S	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000063593 (17:65529459 T>C,G), RS1000139849 (17:65550718 A>C,G), RS1000165765 (17:65533066 G>A), RS1000213079 (17:65548111 T>C), RS1000216115 (17:65533345 C>T), RS1000364213 (17:65541617 T>A,C,G), RS1000402041 (17:65532126 G>A,C), RS1000462523 (17:65528310 G>A), RS1000503175 (17:65560079 C>G), RS1000513965 (17:65563337 G>C), RS1000514942 (17:65550457 C>T), RS1000669580 (17:65559252 G>A), RS1000702047 (17:65528086 G>A), RS1000776627 (17:65553953 TAC>T), RS1000848485 (17:65541862 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604025 | disease phenotypes: MIM:608615, MIM:114500, MIM:106600, MIM:167000, MIM:142623, MIM:305100, MIM:123100

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome	Definitive	Autosomal dominant
tooth agenesis	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
craniosynostosis	Limited	Autosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome	Definitive	AD

Mondo (13): oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome (MONDO:0012075), hereditary neoplastic syndrome (MONDO:0015356), colorectal cancer (MONDO:0005575), tooth agenesis, selective, 1 (MONDO:0007129), AXIN2-related attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (MONDO:0018426), ovarian cancer (MONDO:0008170), Hirschsprung disease (MONDO:0018309), breast cancer (MONDO:0007254), colorectal carcinoma (MONDO:0024331), colon carcinoma (MONDO:0002032), ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (MONDO:0019287), craniosynostosis (MONDO:0015469), tooth agenesis (MONDO:0005486)

Orphanet (9): Oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome (Orphanet:300576), Inherited cancer-predisposing syndrome (Orphanet:140162), Oligodontia (Orphanet:99798), AXIN2-related polyposis (Orphanet:401911), Rare ovarian cancer (Orphanet:213500), Hirschsprung disease (Orphanet:388), Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (Orphanet:79373), Craniosynostosis (Orphanet:1531), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Colorectal cancer (Orphanet:466667)

HPO phenotypes

22 total (22 of 22 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000677	Oligodontia
HP:0000968	Ectodermal dysplasia
HP:0001442	Typified by somatic mosaicism
HP:0002209	Sparse scalp hair
HP:0002215	Sparse axillary hair
HP:0002223	Absent eyebrow
HP:0002231	Sparse body hair
HP:0002891	Uterine leiomyosarcoma
HP:0003002	Breast carcinoma
HP:0003003	Colon cancer
HP:0005227	Adenomatous colonic polyposis
HP:0005584	Renal cell carcinoma
HP:0006716	Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma
HP:0006740	Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
HP:0006753	Neoplasm of the stomach
HP:0008070	Sparse hair
HP:0010764	Short eyelashes
HP:0033769	Fundic gland polyposis
HP:0100743	Neoplasm of the rectum
HP:0200063	Colorectal polyposis
HP:3000050	Abnormal odontoid tissue morphology

GWAS associations

7 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006288_295	Heel bone mineral density	1.000000e-14
GCST006288_363	Heel bone mineral density	3.000000e-09
GCST006288_62	Heel bone mineral density	2.000000e-08
GCST006979_518	Heel bone mineral density	3.000000e-14
GCST006988_60	Blond vs. brown/black hair color	1.000000e-08
GCST008839_281	Height	1.000000e-10
GCST010002_129	Refractive error	1.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009270	heel bone mineral density
EFO:0003924	hair color

MeSH disease descriptors (6)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D003398	Craniosynostoses	C05.116.099.370.894.232; C05.660.207.240; C05.660.906.364; C16.131.621.207.240; C16.131.621.906.364
D004476	Ectodermal Dysplasia	C16.131.077.350; C16.131.831.350; C16.320.850.250; C17.800.804.350; C17.800.827.250
D006627	Hirschsprung Disease	C06.198.439; C06.405.469.158.701.439; C16.131.314.439
D009386	Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary	C04.700; C16.320.700
D010051	Ovarian Neoplasms	C04.588.322.455; C12.050.351.500.056.630.705; C12.050.351.937.418.685; C12.100.250.056.630.705; C12.900.418.685; C19.344.410; C19.391.630.705
C563898	Oligodontia-Colorectal Cancer Syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL1255167 (SINGLE PROTEIN), CHEMBL3885520 (PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

2 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs11868547	Efficacy	3	Platinum compounds	Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
rs4541111	Efficacy	3	Platinum compounds	Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

PharmGKB variants

2 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs4541111	AXIN2	3	3.00	1	Platinum compounds
rs11868547	AXIN2	3	3.00	1	Platinum compounds

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: other protein — β-catenin destruction complex proteins

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
CW85319	Binding	5.17	pKd

ChEMBL bioactivities

4 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4 total, top 4 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
6.43	EC50	375	nM	CHEMBL1867804
6.43	EC50	371	nM	CHEMBL1086580
6.25	EC50	566	nM	CHEMBL1552719
6.15	EC50	709	nM	CHEMBL1898239

PubChem BioAssay actives

4 with measured affinity, of 23 total; 4 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,5,7,8-tetrahydrothiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one	656088: Stabilization of Axin2 in human SW480 cells after 24 hrs by sandwich ELISA	ec50	0.3710	uM
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole	656088: Stabilization of Axin2 in human SW480 cells after 24 hrs by sandwich ELISA	ec50	0.3750	uM
5-[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole	656088: Stabilization of Axin2 in human SW480 cells after 24 hrs by sandwich ELISA	ec50	0.5660	uM
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole	656088: Stabilization of Axin2 in human SW480 cells after 24 hrs by sandwich ELISA	ec50	0.7090	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

60 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Niclosamide	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	4
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
Estradiol	decreases reaction, affects expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression, decreases expression, affects expression	3
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases expression	3
bisphenol A	decreases methylation, decreases expression	2
Resveratrol	decreases expression	2
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
Quercetin	decreases expression	2
Lithium Chloride	increases expression, decreases reaction	2
p-carboxymethylphenyl 1,1-bis(3’-indolyl)-1-(p-carboxymethylphenyl)methane	affects binding, decreases reaction, increases reaction	1
multi-kinase inhibitor 108600	decreases expression	1
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one	increases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
arsenite	increases methylation	1
N,N-dimethylaniline	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
pyrvinium	decreases expression	1
cupric oxide	decreases expression	1
aeroplysinin I	decreases expression	1
casticin	increases expression	1
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
broussochalcone A	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

14 unique, capped per target: 14 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1267175	Binding	Induction of Axin2 accumulation in human DLD1 cells assessed as decrease in free beta-casein levels by Western blot analysis	Small molecule-mediated disruption of Wnt-dependent signaling in tissue regeneration and cancer. — Nat Chem Biol

Cellosaurus cell lines

7 cell lines: 6 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_7113	PR-Mel	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_D8HS	Ubigene HCT 116 AXIN2 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D8ZV	Ubigene HEK293 AXIN2 KO	Transformed cell line	Female
CVCL_D9YB	Ubigene HeLa AXIN2 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_SE38	HAP1 AXIN2 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_XL84	HAP1 AXIN2 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_XL85	HAP1 AXIN2 (-) 3	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

320 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00722436	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Tranexamic Acid for Craniofacial Surgery
NCT02188576	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Efficacy and Population Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid for Craniosynostosis Surgery
NCT00114829	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Preoperative Assessment of Colon Tumor
NCT00114842	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Magnetic Resonance (MR) Colonography With Fecal Tagging
NCT00114946	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study to Compare Two Avastin-Based Treatment Regimens for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00122720	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Darbepoetin Upon Rehabilitation for Colorectal Cancer Surgery
NCT00129870	PHASE4	TERMINATED	CONCEPT: Comparison of Oxaliplatin vs Conventional Methods With Calcium/Magnesium in First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00138060	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Toxicity/Benefit Ratio Optimization of Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients by Determination of Individual Genotypic Determinants
NCT00216424	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Capecitabine (Xeloda) and Radiation for Patients With Rectosigmoid Carcinoma
NCT00327093	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Elaboration of a Model for Predicting Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies (Cetuximab and Bevacizumab) in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases
NCT00332943	PHASE4	COMPLETED	MR Colonography With Fecal Tagging. Barium vs. BariumFerumoxsil
NCT00441311	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dissemination of Colorectal Cancer Screening to Primary Care Physicians
NCT00460837	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Comparison of Bowel Preparation in Virtual Colonoscopy (VC) - Patient Experience
NCT00473980	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients
NCT00488904	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Postoperative Complications After Colorectal Surgery
NCT00496678	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Trial of Patient Navigation-Activation
NCT00502671	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Xeloda (Capecitabine) as Adjuvant Monotherapy in Patients With Colon Cancer.
NCT00559676	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00577031	PHASE4	COMPLETED	OBELIX Study: A Study of Avastin (Bevacizumab) in Combination With XELOX in Patients With Metastatic Cancer of the Colon or Rectum.
NCT00626054	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Two Methods of Administration of a PEG Solution
NCT00812864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic Study of Capecitabine in Elderly Cancer Patient (≥ 75 Years)
NCT00868569	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Transhepatic Arterial Chemotherapy (TAC) Versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Plus Folfox4 as the Treatment of Unresectable Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer
NCT00868816	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Oxaliplatine Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer: 8 Cycles Versus 12 Cycles
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