BAALC

Summary

BAALC (BAALC binder of MAP3K1 and KLF4, HGNC:14333) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8q22.3, encoding Brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic protein (Q8WXS3). May play a synaptic role at the postsynaptic lipid rafts possibly through interaction with CAMK2A.

This gene was identified by gene expression studies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The gene is conserved among mammals and is not found in lower organisms. Tissues that express this gene develop from the neuroectoderm. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene; however, some of the transcript variants are found only in AML cell lines.

Source: NCBI Gene 79870 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 27 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_024812

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14333
Approved symbol	BAALC
Name	BAALC binder of MAP3K1 and KLF4
Location	8q22.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000164929
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606602
Entrez	79870

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 6 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000297574, ENST00000306391, ENST00000309982, ENST00000330955, ENST00000438105, ENST00000517863, ENST00000519507, ENST00000521926, ENST00000523754, ENST00000964302

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_024812 NM_001024372, NM_001364874, NM_024812

CCDS: CCDS47906, CCDS6297, CCDS94326

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000309982 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001523107	103140725	103141057
ENSE00002114046	103227989	103230305
ENSE00003691623	103212919	103213085

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 213 present calls, max score 98.89.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 28.2535 / max 797.6099, expressed in 1027 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
90103	25.6563	995
90104	2.1014	485
205280	0.2027	123
90105	0.1949	106
90102	0.0983	57

Top tissues by expression

288 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	98.89	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	98.80	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	98.74	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	98.73	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	98.71	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	98.69	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	98.67	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	98.58	gold quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	98.57	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	98.49	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	98.49	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	98.47	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	98.47	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	98.45	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	98.35	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	98.28	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	98.23	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	98.23	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	98.20	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	97.98	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	97.97	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	97.91	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	97.87	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	97.83	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	97.73	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	97.69	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	97.63	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	97.60	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	97.58	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	97.57	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9067	yes	334.32
E-MTAB-8271	yes	16.37
E-ANND-3	yes	3.98
E-CURD-11	no	6.22

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): RUNX1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

108 targeting BAALC, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-4476	100.00	68.18	2030
HSA-MIR-6876-5P	100.00	67.68	2126
HSA-MIR-4713-3P	100.00	65.92	505
HSA-MIR-6758-5P	100.00	66.21	1470
HSA-MIR-4692	100.00	67.32	2066
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-6793-5P	99.97	65.95	758
HSA-MIR-6888-3P	99.97	65.95	1170
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-548AH-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AM-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AQ-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-450B-5P	99.92	71.48	3175
HSA-MIR-4496	99.88	68.89	2236
HSA-MIR-4698	99.84	71.41	4303
HSA-MIR-6844	99.82	70.69	2423
HSA-MIR-323A-3P	99.79	70.30	1739
HSA-MIR-3617-5P	99.75	69.41	1968
HSA-MIR-641	99.75	69.35	1975

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• The BAALC gene, located on chromosome 8q22.3, encodes a protein with no homology to any known proteins or functional domains. (PMID:15604894)
• High transcript levels occur in leukemic blasts from some patients with acute myeloid leukemia. (PMID:15749074)
• Low expression of both ERG and BAALC identifies T-ALL patients with a distinctly favorable long-term outcome. (PMID:17646667)
• high BAALC expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor and is associated with a specific gene-expression profile (PMID:18378853)
• Up-regulation of BAALC gene may be an important alteration in AML-M2 patients with t(8;21) translocation. (PMID:18671757)
• Presence of both EVI1 and/or BAALC in chronic myeloid patients was found to modulate the disease pattern (PMID:18752846)
• Overexpression of BAALC and ERG either separate or concomitant predict adverse clinical outcome and may define important risk factor in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (PMID:19555438)
• BAALC is a relevant prognostic marker in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients, with high versus low BAALC expressors showing lower complete remission rate after salvage therapy. (PMID:19943049)
• High BAALC expression is associated with chemoresistance in adult B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (PMID:20065290)
• CEBPA mutation status and BAALC expression are important prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics. (PMID:20306678)
• 1-5-6-8 BAALC isoform expression may be associated with an adverse prognosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype. (PMID:20495894)
• In contrast to BAALC, which likely represents only a surrogate marker of treatment failure in acute leukemia, IGFBP7 regulates the proliferation of leukemic cells and might be involved in chemotherapy resistance (PMID:20535151)
• High BAALC expression levels are associated with acute myeloid leukemia. (PMID:20841507)
• Low ERG and BAALC expression (E/B(low)) and NOTCH1/FBXW7 (N/F) mutations have been proposed as powerful prognostic markers in large cohorts of adult T-ALL. (PMID:21835957)
• Presence of FLT3-ITD and high BAALC expression are independent prognostic markers in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. (PMID:21967978)
• These findings indicate that BAALC gene is “paused” and that in leukemia cells its transcription can be activated or repressed by mechanisms acting on epigenetic marks. (PMID:22197554)
• A high MEBE (MN1,ERG, BAALC, EVI1) expression score is an unfavorable prognostic marker in Myelodysplastic syndrome and is associated with an increased risk for progression to Acute myeloid leukemia. (PMID:22488406)
• identify a heritable genomic feature predisposing to overexpression of an oncogene (BAALC), thereby possibly leading to enhanced AML leukemogenesis (PMID:22493267)
• high expression of miR-3151 is an independent prognosticator for poor outcome in cytogenetically normal-AML and affects different outcome end points than its host gene, BAALC (PMID:22529287)
• data show that higher levels of VEGF-A(CSF) are closely related to CNS leukemia (CNSL), and VEGF-A(CSF) may be a better predictor than the other risk factors elucidating the pathogenesis and development of CNSL (PMID:23287429)
• Higher BAALC expression and FLT3-ITD mutation, both individually and in combination, were associated with worse survival outcomes in CN-AML, and this was also applicable in NPM1-mutated CN-AML, known as a favorable-risk group. (PMID:23647058)
• higher post-HSCT BAALC and WT1 expressions in patients with CBF-AML may be good markers of minimal residual disease for the prediction of survival and relapse after HSCT. (PMID:23672350)
• BAALC overexpression retains its negative prognostic role across all cytogenetic risk groups in acute myeloid leukemia patients. (PMID:23760853)
• Investigated the prognostic impact of brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic (BAALC) expression in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype. (PMID:23865362)
• miR-3151 introns within BAALC have roles in driving leukemogenesis by deregulating the TP53 pathway (PMID:24736457)
• Thus low MDR1/low BAALC expression identifies a subgroup of intermediate cytogenetic risk AML patients with a remarkably good long-term outcome achieved by chemotherapy alone. (PMID:24855032)
• study indicates that overexpression of BAALC serves as an independent prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia (PMID:25428390)
• Evaluating WT1 and BAALC gene expression at diagnosis may improve standard risk stratification and possibly refine the therapeutic approach for Myelodysplastic Syndromes patients. (PMID:26012361)
• demonstrated that BAALC blocks ERK-mediated monocytic differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells by trapping Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the cytoplasm and inhibiting its function in the nucleus (PMID:26050649)
• combined determination of both miR-3151 and BAALC improved this prognostic stratification, with patients with low levels of both parameters showing a better outcome compared with those patients harboring increased levels of one or both markers (PMID:26430723)
• BAALC and ERG genes are specific significant molecular markers in acute myeloid leukemia disease progression, response to treatment and survival. (PMID:26625814)
• Study provide evidence for an association of rs62527607 [GT] SNP of BAALC gene with multidrug resistance in childhood ALL. (PMID:27372260)
• BAALC expression-based minimal residual disease detection during therapy may be considered a strategy to identify patients at high risk of relapse. (PMID:27662611)
• despite of their well-known adverse role in prognosis of AML, neither BAALC nor ERG expression levels at diagnosis had effect on survival of AML patients who underwent allo-HSCT. (PMID:29696374)
• Downregulation of miR-326 and overexpression of BALLC in drug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line and patients compared with the parental cell line and drug-sensitive patients was found. The expression profiles of miR-326 and BAALC were inversely correlated. Bioinformatics data showed a possible regulatory role for miR-326 on BAALC mRNA. (PMID:32129446)
• Long non-coding RNA LRRC75A-AS1 facilitates triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion via functioning as a ceRNA to modulate BAALC. (PMID:32811810)
• Allogeneic stem cell transplantation mitigates the adverse prognostic impact of high diagnostic BAALC and MN1 expression in AML. (PMID:32862286)
• Prognostic significance of combined BAALC and MN1 gene expression level in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype. (PMID:33242229)
• Physical interaction between BAALC and DBN1 induces chemoresistance in leukemia. (PMID:33453340)
• iPSC modeling of stage-specific leukemogenesis reveals BAALC as a key oncogene in severe congenital neutropenia. (PMID:33894142)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	baalca	ENSDARG00000077775
danio_rerio	baalcb	ENSDARG00000089549
mus_musculus	Baalc	ENSMUSG00000022296
rattus_norvegicus	Baalc	ENSRNOG00000004697

Protein

Protein identifiers

Brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic protein — Q8WXS3 (reviewed: Q8WXS3)

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8WXS3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a synaptic role at the postsynaptic lipid rafts possibly through interaction with CAMK2A.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with CAMK2A.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Synapse. Synaptosome. Membrane raft. Postsynaptic density.

Tissue specificity. Predominantly expressed in neuroectoderm-derived tissues. Expressed in the brain and spinal cord, and at low levels, in the adrenal gland. In the bone marrow, confined to the CD34+ progenitor cells. Not found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nor lymph nodes. Tends to be expressed at high levels in acute myeloid leukemia and glioblastoma cells.

Post-translational modifications. Palmitoylation and myristoylation target the protein to the lipid rafts.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8WXS3-2	1, 1-6-8	yes
Q8WXS3-1	2, 1-5-6-8
Q8WXS3-3	3, 1-5-6-7-8
Q8WXS3-4	4, 1-2
Q8WXS3-5	5, 1-4-5-6-8
Q8WXS3-6	6, 1-8

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001019543, NP_001351803, NP_079088* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR009728	BAALC	Family

Pfam: PF06989

UniProt features (18 total): splice variant 8, compositionally biased region 3, region of interest 2, lipid moiety-binding region 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8WXS3-F1	60.47	0.00

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 2, 3

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 131 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, VERHAAK_AML_WITH_NPM1_MUTATED_DN, GRAHAM_CML_QUIESCENT_VS_NORMAL_QUIESCENT_DN, TONKS_TARGETS_OF_RUNX1_RUNX1T1_FUSION_ERYTHROCYTE_UP, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_8Q12_Q22_AMPLICON, chr8q22, HOEBEKE_LYMPHOID_STEM_CELL_UP, GOCC_NEURON_PROJECTION, DOUGLAS_BMI1_TARGETS_UP, JAATINEN_HEMATOPOIETIC_STEM_CELL_UP, ATGTCAC_MIR489, BOQUEST_STEM_CELL_DN, MODULE_47, MULLIGHAN_MLL_SIGNATURE_2_DN

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (9): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), sarcoplasm (GO:0016528), neuron projection (GO:0043005), membrane raft (GO:0045121), membrane (GO:0016020), synapse (GO:0045202)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
cytoplasm	2
binding	1
nuclear lumen	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
asymmetric synapse	1
postsynaptic specialization	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
membrane microdomain	1
cell junction	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

5 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
BAALC	AGTR1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
BAALC	ATXN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
MDFI	BAALC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CHEK2	BAALC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (22): BAALC (Two-hybrid), BAALC (Two-hybrid), MAP3K1 (Two-hybrid), KLF4 (Two-hybrid), ATP1B3 (Two-hybrid), RNF2 (Two-hybrid), CHD1L (Two-hybrid), CINP (Two-hybrid), OSBPL1A (Two-hybrid), AP1G1 (Two-hybrid), MAP3K1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BAALC (Affinity Capture-Western), KLF4 (Affinity Capture-Western), BAALC (Affinity Capture-Western), MAP3K1 (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0FKI7, D3Z1Q2, D3Z3C6, D6RIA3, E0CYV9, E9Q7F2, F1MRW8, F1N8V3, F1RDM5, F8W4H9, O15231, O35181, P07106, P0C913, P0CD96, P56975, P59598, Q3TYR5, Q49A92, Q5EBJ4, Q5T8D3, Q5XEM9, Q5XG73, Q5XIV2, Q5ZHQ6, Q6AYA8, Q6PCX9, Q6T4R5, Q6Y685, Q6ZVD7, Q76N89, Q7T3T9, Q8C0X0, Q8IXJ9, Q8IY42, Q8K1L6, Q8K4P8, Q8NA82, Q8NCN4, Q8VHV1

Diamond homologs: Q8VHV1, Q8WNE9, Q8WXS3, Q920K5

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
RUNX1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	BAALC	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

27 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	22
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

933 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:103141053:CTCGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
8:103141055:CGGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
8:103141056:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
8:103141057:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
8:103141057:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
8:103141058:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
8:103141059:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:103141054:TCGG:T	donor_gain	0.9900
8:103141055:CGG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
8:103141056:GGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
8:103198088:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:103211878:TAGA:T	donor_gain	0.9900
8:103211879:AGAA:A	donor_gain	0.9900
8:103227980:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:103227987:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:103227987:AGGC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
8:103227988:G:GC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
8:103227988:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:103213083:GAG:G	donor_gain	0.9800
8:103227979:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9800
8:103227987:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
8:103227988:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
8:103183351:T:A	acceptor_gain	0.9700
8:103212855:G:A	acceptor_gain	0.9700
8:103213081:CAGAG:C	donor_loss	0.9700
8:103213082:AGAGG:A	donor_loss	0.9700
8:103213083:GAGG:G	donor_loss	0.9700
8:103213084:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	0.9700
8:103213085:GGTAG:G	donor_loss	0.9700
8:103213086:G:A	donor_loss	0.9700

AlphaMissense

942 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:103140976:T:A	W27R	0.997
8:103140976:T:C	W27R	0.997
8:103140978:G:C	W27C	0.996
8:103140978:G:T	W27C	0.996
8:103140954:G:C	W19C	0.995
8:103140954:G:T	W19C	0.995
8:103140980:T:C	L28P	0.993
8:103140901:G:C	G2R	0.992
8:103140949:A:C	S18R	0.992
8:103140951:C:A	S18R	0.992
8:103140951:C:G	S18R	0.992
8:103140952:T:A	W19R	0.992
8:103140952:T:C	W19R	0.992
8:103140965:C:T	T23I	0.990
8:103140970:T:C	S25P	0.990
8:103140904:T:C	C3R	0.988
8:103140908:G:A	G4D	0.987
8:103140913:A:C	S6R	0.987
8:103140915:C:A	S6R	0.987
8:103140915:C:G	S6R	0.987
8:103140971:C:T	S25F	0.987
8:103140968:A:T	E24V	0.986
8:103140956:C:T	T20I	0.984
8:103140902:G:A	G2D	0.983
8:103140906:C:G	C3W	0.983
8:103140910:G:A	G5R	0.983
8:103140910:G:C	G5R	0.983
8:103140974:C:T	T26I	0.983
8:103140905:G:A	C3Y	0.982
8:103140980:T:A	L28H	0.982

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000065587 (8:103167687 G>T), RS1000069622 (8:103210364 A>C,G), RS1000074546 (8:103175406 T>C), RS1000155386 (8:103150302 G>C), RS1000181788 (8:103149405 C>T), RS1000221705 (8:103192435 A>G), RS1000355943 (8:103230484 T>C), RS1000359004 (8:103199413 A>G), RS1000391559 (8:103199721 T>C), RS1000460 (8:103173517 A>G,T), RS1000461 (8:103173983 G>A,C), RS1000496681 (8:103194330 G>A), RS1000573214 (8:103151093 C>T), RS1000608737 (8:103162839 T>C), RS1000694270 (8:103201136 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606602 | disease phenotypes: MIM:216550

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): Cohen syndrome (MONDO:0008999)

Orphanet (1): Cohen syndrome (Orphanet:193)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003815_33	Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease	5.000000e-06
GCST006035_4	Breast cancer and/or colorectal cancer	3.000000e-07
GCST009615_8	Triglyceride levels x loop diuretics use interaction	4.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:1001870	late-onset Alzheimers disease
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C536438	Cohen syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

31 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases methylation, increases expression	5
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
entinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	2
Tretinoin	increases expression	2
TL8-506	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
uranyl acetate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
ferrous chloride	increases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
Temozolomide	decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Endosulfan	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Lead	affects expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
Poly I-C	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Progesterone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Smoke	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Uranium	affects expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

1 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01907555	Not specified	COMPLETED	Clinical, Molecular and Physiopathological Study of Cohen Syndrome and Cohen-like Syndromes