BECN1

Summary

BECN1 (beclin 1, HGNC:1034) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q21.31, encoding Beclin-1 (Q14457). Plays a central role in autophagy.

This gene encodes a protein that regulates autophagy, a catabolic process of degradation induced by starvation. The encoded protein is a component of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) complex which mediates vesicle-trafficking processes. This protein is thought to play a role in multiple cellular processes, including tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration and apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 8678 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 55 total
• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001313998

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1034
Approved symbol	BECN1
Name	beclin 1
Location	17q21.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ATG6, VPS30
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000126581
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604378
Entrez	8678

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 39 — 28 protein_coding, 8 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000361523, ENST00000438274, ENST00000543382, ENST00000585515, ENST00000586589, ENST00000586754, ENST00000587880, ENST00000588276, ENST00000589492, ENST00000589493, ENST00000589636, ENST00000589663, ENST00000590099, ENST00000590185, ENST00000590764, ENST00000590852, ENST00000591085, ENST00000591307, ENST00000593112, ENST00000593205, ENST00000612631, ENST00000617806, ENST00000893287, ENST00000893288, ENST00000893289, ENST00000893290, ENST00000893291, ENST00000893292, ENST00000893293, ENST00000893294, ENST00000893295, ENST00000922825, ENST00000967385, ENST00000967386, ENST00000967387, ENST00000967388, ENST00000967389, ENST00000967390, ENST00000967391

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001313998 NM_001313998, NM_001313999, NM_001314000, NM_003766

CCDS: CCDS11441, CCDS82132

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000590099 — 12 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002776543	42810134	42810928
ENSE00002825026	42824155	42824282
ENSE00003486721	42814524	42814673
ENSE00003488557	42815908	42816054
ENSE00003503696	42813948	42814008
ENSE00003513798	42818544	42818680
ENSE00003582214	42820774	42820841
ENSE00003600057	42823748	42823879
ENSE00003610778	42818787	42818877
ENSE00003611897	42818221	42818415
ENSE00003646680	42811655	42811797
ENSE00003692290	42819548	42819609

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 295 present calls, max score 97.31.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 58.7304 / max 267.3426, expressed in 1827 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
166189	58.7304	1827

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	97.31	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	97.08	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	96.99	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	96.81	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	96.74	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	96.67	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	96.61	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	96.50	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	96.48	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	96.26	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	96.17	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	96.15	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	96.13	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	96.09	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	96.08	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	96.04	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	96.01	gold quality
sigmoid colon	UBERON:0001159	95.95	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	95.91	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	95.87	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	95.82	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	95.79	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	95.77	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	95.75	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	95.74	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	95.73	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	95.67	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	95.66	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	95.58	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	95.51	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	10.94
E-HCAD-31	no	1.88

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ADNP, APP, ATF3, HBP1, JUN, NFKBID, PEG3, RELA, RELB, ROCK1, SIRT5, STAT3, TXK

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

57 targeting BECN1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-188-3P	100.00	68.76	1240
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-3119	99.92	71.34	2390
HSA-MIR-10527-5P	99.91	72.28	3754
HSA-MIR-548E-5P	99.89	72.73	4486
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-1323	99.83	69.89	2471
HSA-MIR-498-5P	99.76	69.64	1807
HSA-MIR-556-3P	99.74	68.75	1203
HSA-MIR-548O-3P	99.74	69.30	2228
HSA-MIR-519A-3P	99.67	71.67	1868
HSA-MIR-519B-3P	99.67	71.67	1868
HSA-MIR-519C-3P	99.67	71.67	1870
HSA-MIR-452-5P	99.65	69.63	1762
HSA-MIR-4676-3P	99.65	69.31	1733
HSA-MIR-892C-3P	99.65	69.38	1745
HSA-MIR-875-3P	99.63	69.47	2548
HSA-MIR-1290	99.59	69.90	2079
HSA-MIR-513A-3P	99.39	70.63	3620
HSA-MIR-513C-3P	99.39	70.63	3620

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• expression of three (Beclin 1, RbAp48 and Pir51) were increased and one (aldolase b) was decreased in liver tumor tissues. (PMID:14966907)
• C(2)-ceramide stimulated macroautophagy in colon cancer cells, stimulated the expression of the autophagy gene product beclin 1, and mediated tamoxifen-dependent accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in breast cancer MCF-7 cells (PMID:14970205)
• BECLIN 1 augmented cisplatin-induced apoptosis via enhancing caspase 9 activity. (PMID:15922724)
• VPS30/ATG6 complemented A1PiZ degradation-deficient (add3) yeast mutants (PMID:16267277)
• Results argue against a role for Beclin 1 as an essential chaperone or adaptor for hVps34 in normal vesicular trafficking, and they support the hypothesis that Beclin 1 functions mainly to engage hVps34 in the autophagic pathway. (PMID:16390869)
• age-dependent decrease of beclin 1 expression may lead to a reduction of autophagic activity during aging, which in turn promotes the accumulation of mutant Htt and the progression of the disease (PMID:16522639)
• Partial Beclin 1 silencing aggravates mitochondrial permeabilization and apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with an anti-Fas antibody or with doxorubicin (PMID:16718815)
• Evolutionarily conserved domain of Beclin 1 is essential for Vps34 interaction, autophagy function, and tumor suppressor function. (PMID:16874027)
• Beclin 1 has different roles in different histotypes of human brain tumours (PMID:17203225)
• Expression of autophagy gene Beclin 1 decreases in cervical aquamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:17236580)
• Kringle 5 of human plasminogen has a role in autophagic survival by up-regulating Beclin 1 and complexing Bcl-2 to Beclin 1 (PMID:17272502)
• Beclin1 expression is down-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues, and overexpression can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SKOV3 cells. (PMID:17355787)
• BH3-only proteins and BH3 mimetics induce autophagy by competitively disrupting the interaction between BECN1 and Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L). (PMID:17438366)
• The constructed vector significantly inhibited the expression of the mRNA and protein of Beclin 1 in the HeLa cells. (PMID:17441324)
• Beclin 1 expression is down-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue while the p110alpha, hvps34 and p-PKB are having the abnormal expressions on PI3K/PKB signaling pathway. (PMID:17441338)
• The functional and physical interaction between Bcl-X(L) and a BH3-like domain in BECN1 was studied. (PMID:17446862)
• this is the first report on BECN1 gene mutations in human cancer tissues, and the data suggest that point mutations are a rare event in common human cancers and probably do not play a major role in cancer pathogenesis (PMID:17550384)
• These results indicate that Beclin 1 can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer cells. (PMID:17595761)
• Differential interactions between BECN1 and Bcl-2 family members are reported. (PMID:17643073)
• Analysis of all known Bcl-xL/BH3 domain complexes. (PMID:17659302)
• Autophagy also plays an essential role in tumorigenesis, as the essential autophagy regulator BECN1 is monoallelically deleted. (PMID:17786023)
• Data suggest that beclin 1 plays important roles in the regulation of the life span of human CL and ovarian androgen-secreting cells, by maintaining autophagy at levels promoting cell survival rather than cell death. (PMID:17999086)
• Data suggest that ICP34.5-mediated antagonism of the autophagy function of Beclin 1 is essential for viral neurovirulence, and the antiviral signaling molecule PKR lies genetically upstream of Beclin 1 in host defense against HSV-1. (PMID:18005679)
• beclin-1 inactivation by loss of expression may not occur in colorectal and gastric cancers (PMID:18184403)
• The positive rates of Beclin1 and MAPLC3 were significantly lower in non-small cell lung cancer tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues and normal tissues. (PMID:18184459)
• Abeta pathology is regulated by beclin 1 through a pathway that involves autophagy (PMID:18497881)
• beclin 1 deficiency disrupts neuronal autophagy, modulates APP metabolism, and promotes neurodegeneration (PMID:18497889)
• Data suggest that a Beclin1-binding autophagic tumour suppressor, UVRAG, interacts with the class C Vps complex, a key component of the endosomal fusion machinery. (PMID:18552835)
• beclin 1 has a role in vitamin D3-induced autophagy of human myeloid leukemia cells (PMID:18628207)
• Bcl-xL and UVRAG cause a monomer-dimer switch in Beclin1 (PMID:18641390)
• These results demonstrate that Beclin 1 is essential for autophagy, differentiation and antiapoptosis, and may play an important role in coordinating inputs for cellular decisions to signaling machinery that mediates different cellular cascades. (PMID:18769161)
• gamma-Herpesvirus protein M11 inhibits autophagy through a mechanism that involves the binding of the Beclin 1 BH3 domain in the M11 hydrophobic surface groove. (PMID:18797192)
• Beclin 1 can down-regulate estrogenic signaling and growth response, and contribute to the development of antiestrogen resistance. (PMID:18829541)
• These results suggest that mammalian cells have at least two distinct class III PI3-kinase complexes, and that beclin 1 interacts distinctly with mammalian Atg14 and UVRAG in two of these complexes. (PMID:18843052)
• study defines a regulatory signaling pathway mediated by Barkor (KIAA0831) that positively controls autophagy through Beclin 1 (PMID:19050071)
• activation of JNK pathway can mediate Beclin 1 expression, which plays a key role in autophagic cell death in cancer cells (PMID:19060920)
• beclin 1 has a role in favorable prognosis in stage IIIB colon cancers (PMID:19066461)
• beclin-1 and HIF-1alpha expression are important determinants of survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (PMID:19130303)
• Beclin 1-dependent apoptotic activity has a role in preventing progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:19145109)
• Data show that DAPK phosphorylates beclin 1 on Thr 119 located at a crucial position within its BH3 domain, and thus promotes the dissociation of beclin 1 from Bcl-XL and the induction of autophagy. (PMID:19180116)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	becn1	ENSDARG00000079128
mus_musculus	Becn1	ENSMUSG00000035086
rattus_norvegicus	Becn1	ENSRNOG00000020513
drosophila_melanogaster	Atg6	FBGN0264325
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000247

Paralogs (1): BECN2 (ENSG00000196289)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Beclin-1 — Q14457 (reviewed: Q14457)

Alternative names: Coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein, Protein GT197

All UniProt accessions (13): Q14457, A0A024R1X5, A0A087WVZ2, E7EV84, K7EKK2, K7EL88, K7ELY9, K7EMA2, K7EN35, K7EQQ7, K7ER46, K7ERY0, K7ES83

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as a core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abscission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex forms. Involved in endocytosis. May play a role in antiviral host defense. Beclin-1-C 35 kDa localized to mitochondria can promote apoptosis; it induces the mitochondrial translocation of BAX and the release of proapoptotic factors. (Microbial infection) Protects against infection by a neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus.

Subunit / interactions. A homodimeric form is proposed to exist; this metastable form readily transits to ATG14- or UVRAG-containing complexes with BECN1:UVRAG being more stable than BECN1:ATG14. Component of the PI3K (PI3KC3/PI3K-III/class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) complex the core of which is composed of the catalytic subunit PIK3C3, the regulatory subunit PIK3R4 and BECN1 associating with additional regulatory/auxiliary subunits to form alternative complex forms. Alternative complex forms containing a fourth regulatory subunit in a mutually exclusive manner are PI3K complex I (PI3KC3-C1) containing ATG14, and PI3K complex II (PI3KC3-C2) containing UVRAG. PI3KC3-C1 displays a V-shaped architecture with PIK3R4 serving as a bridge between PIK3C3 and the ATG14:BECN1 subcomplex. Both, PI3KC3-C1 and PI3KC3-C2, can associate with further regulatory subunits, such as RUBCN, SH3GLB1/Bif-1 and AMBRA1. PI3KC3-C1 probably associates with PIK3CB. Forms a complex with PPP2CA and AMBRA1; AMBRA1 and BECN1 components of the complex regulate MYC stability via different pathways. Component of the complex, at least composed of LRPPRC, BECN1 and BCL2; the interactions prevent BECN1 from forming an autophagy-inducing complex with PIK3C3. Interacts with AMBRA1, GOPC, GRID2. Interacts with BCL2 and BCL2L1 isoform Bcl-X(L); the interaction inhibits BECN1 function in promoting autophagy by interfering with the formation of the PI3K complex. Interacts with cytosolic HMGB1; inhibits the interaction of BECN1 and BCL2 leading to promotion of autophagy. Interacts with USP10, USP13, VMP1, DAPK1, RAB39A. Interacts with the poly-Gln domain of ATXN3; the interaction causes deubiquitination at Lys-402 and stabilizes BECN1. Interacts with SLAMF1. Interacts with TRIM5; the interaction causes activation of BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. Interacts with active ULK1 (phosphorylated on ‘Ser-317’) and MEFV simultaneously. Interacts with WDR81 and WDR91; negatively regulates the PI3 kinase/PI3K activity associated with endosomal membranes. Interacts with LAPTM4B; competes with EGFR for LAPTM4B binding; regulates EGFR activity. Interacts with TRIM50. Interacts with TRIM16. Interacts with ATG14; this interaction is increased in the absence of TMEM39A. Interacts with WASHC1; preventing interaction with AMBRA1 and the DCX(AMBRA1) complex and subsequent ubiquitination. Interacts with TRIM17. Interacts with BCL2L10/BCL-B (via BH1 domain). Interacts with SH3BGRL. Interacts with IRGM; enhancing BECN1-interacting partners and influencing the composition of the BECN1 complex. Interacts with ARMC3. Interacts with LRPPRC. (Microbial infection) Interacts with human cytomegalovirus/HHV-5 protein TRS1. (Microbial infection) Interacts with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 M11. (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) protein ICP34.5; this interaction antagonizes the host autophagy response. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Epstein-Barr virus protein BHRF1; this interaction inhibits BECN1-mediated autophagy induction.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus. trans-Golgi network membrane. Endosome membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mitochondrion membrane. Endosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Autophagosome Mitochondrion. Nucleus. Cytoplasm Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylation at Thr-119 by DAPK1 reduces its interaction with BCL2 and BCL2L1 and promotes induction of autophagy. In response to autophagic stimuli, phosphorylated at serine residues by AMPK in an ATG14-dependent manner, and this phosphorylation is critical for maximally efficient autophagy. Polyubiquitinated by NEDD4, both with ‘Lys-11’- and ‘Lys-63’-linkages. ‘Lys-11’-linked polyubiquitination leads to degradation and is enhanced when the stabilizing interaction partner VPS34 is depleted. Deubiquitinated by USP10 and USP13, leading to stabilize the PIK3C3/VPS34-containing complexes. Polyubiquitinated at Lys-402 with ‘Lys-48’-linkages. ‘Lys-48’-linked polyubiquitination of Lys-402 leads to degradation. Deubiquitinated by ATXN3, leading to stabilization. Ubiquitinated at Lys-437 via ‘Lys-63’-linkage by the DCX(AMBRA1) complex, thereby increasing the association between BECN1 and PIK3C3 to promote PIK3C3 activity. ‘Lys-48’-linked ubiquitination by RNF216 leads to proteasomal degradation and autophagy inhibition. Proteolytically processed by caspases including CASP8 and CASP3; the C-terminal fragments lack autophagy-inducing capacity and are proposed to induce apoptosis. Thus the cleavage is proposed to be an determinant to switch from autophagy to apoptosis pathways affecting cellular homeostasis including viral infections and survival of tumor cells.

Domain organisation. The coiled coil domain can form antiparallel homodimers and mediates dimerization with the coiled coil domains of ATG14 or UVRAG involved in the formation of PI3K complexes. The C-terminal evolutionary conserved domain (ECD) contains poly-Gln-binding domains such as the ATXN3 poly-Gln motif, consistent with structural docking models revealing two highly scored poly-Gln-binding pockets in the ECD. As some binding is observed with BECN1 lacking the ECD, other domains of BECN1 may also interact with ATXN3.

Miscellaneous. Expanded poly-Gln tracts inhibit ATXN3-BECN1 interaction, decrease BECN1 levels and impair starvation-induced autophagy.

Similarity. Belongs to the beclin family.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001300927, NP_001300928, NP_001300929, NP_003757 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007243	Atg6/Beclin	Family
IPR029318	BH3_dom	Domain
IPR038274	Atg6/Beclin_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040455	Atg6_BARA	Domain
IPR041691	Atg6/beclin_CC	Domain

Pfam: PF04111, PF15285, PF17675

UniProt features (63 total): mutagenesis site 19, strand 10, helix 9, modified residue 7, region of interest 4, chain 3, sequence conflict 3, cross-link 2, sequence variant 2, turn 2, coiled-coil region 1, short sequence motif 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

31 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6HOI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.14
5HHE	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.46
6HOJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.51
4DDP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.55
6HOK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.61
5VAU	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.75
5VAY	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
5EFM	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
5VAX	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
4MI8	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
6DCO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2
6DCN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.44
2P1L	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
3DVU	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
9MHF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.73
9RX5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.15
9MHG	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
9ZPD	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.38
9RX6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.52
13BV	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.77
9ZPC	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.83
9RX8	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.87
9RX9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.99
9RXA	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4
9RXB	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.03
9MHH	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.5
9C82	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	6.84
7BL1	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	9.8
9S47	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	9.88
2PON	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q14457-F1	77.37	0.40

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (9): 15, 30, 90, 93, 96, 119, 402, 437, 1

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (19):

Position	Phenotype
90	complete loss of phosphorylation. complete loss of phosphorylation and defective autophagic function; when associated wi
93	partial loss of phosphorylation. complete loss of phosphorylation and defective autophagic function; when associated wit
112	weakly decreases interaction with muhv-4 m11, greatly decreases interaction with bcl2l1 isoform bcl-x(l).
116	decreases interaction with bcl2l1 isoform bcl-x(l).
117	weakly decreases interaction with muhv-4 m11, greatly decreases interaction with bcl2l1 isoform bcl-x(l).
117	does not affect ubiquitination by the dcx(ambra1) complex.
120–121	weakly decreases interaction with muhv-4 m11, disrupts interaction with bcl2l1 isoform bcl-x(l).
120	decreases interaction with muhv-4 m11, disrupts interaction with bcl2l1 isoform bcl-x(l).
121	no effect on interaction with muhv-4 m11, disrupts interaction with bcl2l1 isoform bcl-x(l).
123	weakly decreases interaction with muhv-4 m11, disrupts interaction with bcl2 and decreases interaction with bcl2l1 isofo
133	abolishes in vitro cleavage by casp3 and casp8; when associated with a-149.
133	abolishes in vitro cleavage by casp8; when associated with a-146.
146	abolishes in vitro cleavage by casp8; when associated with a-133.
149	abolishes in vitro cleavage by casp3 and casp8; when associated with a-133.
149	abolishes in vitro cleavage by casp3.
352	significantly reduces ubiquitination.
402	decreases k48 polyubiquitination and stabilizes becn1.
425	decrease in membrane-association.
437	abolished ubiquitination by the dcx(ambra1) complex.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

28 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1169408	ISG15 antiviral mechanism
R-HSA-1632852	Macroautophagy
R-HSA-5689880	Ub-specific processing proteases
R-HSA-9679504	Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex
R-HSA-9694676	Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex
R-HSA-9705671	SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses
R-HSA-983170	Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC
R-HSA-9833110	RSV-host interactions
R-HSA-9920951	Dengue virus modulates apoptosis
R-HSA-1169410	Antimicrobial mechanism of IFN-stimulated genes
R-HSA-1280215	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-1280218	Adaptive Immune System
R-HSA-1643685	Disease
R-HSA-168256	Immune System
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5663205	Infectious disease
R-HSA-5688426	Deubiquitination
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification
R-HSA-913531	Interferon Signaling
R-HSA-9612973	Autophagy
R-HSA-9678108	SARS-CoV-1 Infection
R-HSA-9679506	SARS-CoV Infections
R-HSA-9694516	SARS-CoV-2 Infection
R-HSA-9705683	SARS-CoV-2-host interactions
R-HSA-9772572	Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events
R-HSA-9820952	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway
R-HSA-9824446	Viral Infection Pathways
R-HSA-983169	Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation

MSigDB gene sets: 427 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GSE18804_BRAIN_VS_COLON_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GOBP_CIRCADIAN_RHYTHM, GOBP_SMAD_PROTEIN_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_ATTACHMENT_OF_SPINDLE_MICROTUBULES_TO_KINETOCHORE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_AUTOPHAGY, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_LYSOSOMAL_TRANSPORT, GOBP_VACUOLE_ORGANIZATION, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_SKELETAL_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_PROTEIN_TRANSPORT, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM

GO Biological Process (60): autophagosome assembly (GO:0000045), mitophagy (GO:0000423), response to hypoxia (GO:0001666), cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002753), protein targeting to lysosome (GO:0006622), autophagy (GO:0006914), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), cellular defense response (GO:0006968), cellular response to nitrogen starvation (GO:0006995), lysosome organization (GO:0007040), mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment (GO:0007080), JNK cascade (GO:0007254), circadian rhythm (GO:0007623), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), protein secretion (GO:0009306), response to xenobiotic stimulus (GO:0009410), response to iron(II) ion (GO:0010040), response to lead ion (GO:0010288), regulation of autophagy (GO:0010506), positive regulation of autophagy (GO:0010508), positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy (GO:0010613), macroautophagy (GO:0016236), regulation of macroautophagy (GO:0016241), regulation of cytokinesis (GO:0032465), receptor catabolic process (GO:0032801), response to vitamin E (GO:0033197), cellular response to amino acid starvation (GO:0034198), phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process (GO:0036092), p38MAPK cascade (GO:0038066), cellular response to glucose starvation (GO:0042149), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), negative regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043069), engulfment of apoptotic cell (GO:0043652), early endosome to late endosome transport (GO:0045022), late endosome to vacuole transport (GO:0045324), neuron development (GO:0048666), amyloid-beta metabolic process (GO:0050435), cell division (GO:0051301), defense response to virus (GO:0051607), positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0051897)

GO Molecular Function (8): protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), protein-macromolecule adaptor activity (GO:0030674), ubiquitin protein ligase binding (GO:0031625), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding (GO:0043548), GTPase binding (GO:0051020), molecular adaptor activity (GO:0060090), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (23): phagophore assembly site (GO:0000407), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), endosome (GO:0005768), autophagosome (GO:0005776), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802), cytosol (GO:0005829), endosome membrane (GO:0010008), nuclear body (GO:0016604), dendrite (GO:0030425), cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0032473), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I (GO:0034271), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II (GO:0034272), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III (GO:0035032), phagocytic vesicle (GO:0045335), nucleus (GO:0005634), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410), mitochondrial membrane (GO:0031966), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-15 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Immune System	2
Antimicrobial mechanism of IFN-stimulated genes	1
Autophagy	1
Deubiquitination	1
SARS-CoV-1 Infection	1
Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events	1
SARS-CoV-2-host interactions	1
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation	1
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway	1
Dengue Virus-Host Interactions	1
Interferon Signaling	1
Disease	1
Post-translational protein modification	1
Metabolism of proteins	1
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytoplasm	5
cellular anatomical structure	4
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	4
protein binding	3
endomembrane system	3
autophagy	2
binding	2
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III	2
Atg12 activating enzyme activity	1
protein-phosphatidylethanolamide deconjugating activity	1
Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity	1
Atg12 ligase activity	1
organelle assembly	1
Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly	1
autophagosome organization	1
autophagy of mitochondrion	1
macroautophagy	1
response to stress	1
response to decreased oxygen levels	1
positive regulation of cytokine production	1
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	1
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	1
protein targeting to vacuole	1
lysosomal transport	1
protein localization to lysosome	1
catabolic process	1
transmembrane transport	1
process utilizing autophagic mechanism	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
defense response	1
cellular response to starvation	1
cellular response to nitrogen levels	1
lytic vacuole organization	1
mitotic sister chromatid segregation	1
mitotic cell cycle	1
metaphase chromosome alignment	1
mitotic cell cycle process	1
MAPK cascade	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3790 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
BECN1	ATG14	Q6ZNE5	999
BECN1	PIK3C3	Q8NEB9	999
BECN1	UVRAG	Q9P2Y5	999
BECN1	PIK3R4	Q99570	999
BECN1	BCL2	P10415	999
BECN1	AMBRA1	Q9C0C7	999
BECN1	RUBCN	Q92622	998
BECN1	BCL2L1	Q07817	996
BECN1	ULK1	O75385	995
BECN1	NRBF2	Q96F24	994
BECN1	MCL1	Q07820	994
BECN1	VMP1	Q96GC9	993
BECN1	SH3GLB1	Q9Y371	993
BECN1	MYD88	P78397	990
BECN1	HMGB1	P09429	988

IntAct

452 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ATG14	BECN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.980
ATG14	BECN1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.980
BECN1	ATG14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.980
ATG14	BECN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.980
BECN1	ATG14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.980
BECN1	ATG14	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.980

BioGRID (682): BECN1 (Co-purification), BCL2 (Co-purification), BCL2 (Reconstituted Complex), BCL2L1 (Reconstituted Complex), BECN1 (Reconstituted Complex), UVRAG (Reconstituted Complex), BECN1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BCL2L1 (Affinity Capture-Western), UVRAG (Affinity Capture-Western), ATG14 (Affinity Capture-Western), BECN1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BECN1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BECN1 (Affinity Capture-Western), PIK3C3 (Affinity Capture-Western), BECN1 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0AUQ6, A2BE76, O14645, O18973, O35427, O35473, O55003, O88447, O88597, P50503, Q05B58, Q12983, Q13901, Q14457, Q14AM7, Q14CZ0, Q28HY5, Q32KN2, Q32PE4, Q4A1L3, Q4A1L4, Q4A1L5, Q4R3K5, Q4R8N2, Q4RLT3, Q52LA3, Q5JSJ4, Q5NVP8, Q5R878, Q5RBU4, Q5TKA1, Q5ZHS3, Q5ZJQ3, Q68FJ8, Q6DKA1, Q6GMH0, Q6GP52, Q6PAX8, Q6X4M3, Q7TSU0

Diamond homologs: A5DIV5, A8MW95, I1S4N7, O88597, P0DM65, P87117, Q14457, Q22592, Q4A1L3, Q4A1L4, Q4A1L5, Q54JI9, Q55CC5, Q5R878, Q5ZKS6, Q6GP52, Q91XJ1, Q9VCE1, F1RCP1, Q9M367, W0TD11, Q02948, Q6FP39

SIGNOR signaling

42 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
UVRAG	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	binding
BCL2	down-regulates	BECN1	binding
BCL2L1	down-regulates	BECN1	binding
AMBRA1	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	binding
GOPC	up-regulates	BECN1	binding
SH3GLB1	up-regulates	BECN1	binding
DAPK1	up-regulates	BECN1	phosphorylation
BECN1	up-regulates	Autophagosome_formation
USP13	“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”	BECN1	deubiquitination
BECN1	“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”	USP13	deubiquitination
BECN1	“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”	USP10	deubiquitination
USP10	“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”	BECN1	deubiquitination
SIRT5	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	BECN1	“transcriptional regulation”
CHEK2	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	phosphorylation
STYK1	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	phosphorylation
BECN1	“up-regulates activity”	ZWINT	binding
KLHL20	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	BECN1	binding
“Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1”	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	BECN1	polyubiquitination
JAK2	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	phosphorylation
ROCK1	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	phosphorylation
JAK2	“up-regulates quantity”	BECN1	phosphorylation
MAPKAPK2	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	phosphorylation
EGFR	“down-regulates activity”	BECN1	phosphorylation
STK4	“up-regulates activity”	BECN1	phosphorylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 86 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria	5	59.5×	9e-06
Activation of BH3-only proteins	5	38.8×	2e-05
RHO GTPases activate PKNs	6	29.7×	1e-05
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis	6	27.4×	1e-05
Apoptosis	6	15.7×	2e-04
FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis	5	14.6×	9e-04
Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane	6	14.5×	2e-04
Programmed Cell Death	6	13.7×	2e-04

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
autophagy	8	11.9×	1e-04
actin cytoskeleton organization	7	7.5×	6e-03
negative regulation of apoptotic process	13	6.1×	9e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

55 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	38
Likely benign	3
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1640 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:42810924:CCATC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42810925:CATC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42810925:CATCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42810926:ATCC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:42810927:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42810927:TCCTG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:42810928:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42810929:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42810929:C:CG	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:42810930:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:42810935:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42814523:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42814547:ATTGG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42814669:TGTGC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42815953:T:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42816054:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:42816056:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:42816066:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42816067:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:42818216:CTCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42818217:TCAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:42818218:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:42818219:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42818219:AC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
17:42818220:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42818220:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42818220:CTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42818220:CTGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42818220:CTGAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:42818223:AGCTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3001 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:42810794:A:G	L440P	1.000
17:42810801:A:G	W438R	1.000
17:42810801:A:T	W438R	1.000
17:42810802:C:A	K437N	1.000
17:42810802:C:G	K437N	1.000
17:42810804:T:C	K437E	1.000
17:42810806:A:G	L436P	1.000
17:42810808:A:C	N435K	1.000
17:42810808:A:T	N435K	1.000
17:42810815:A:G	L433P	1.000
17:42810823:C:A	K430N	1.000
17:42810823:C:G	K430N	1.000
17:42810825:T:C	K430E	1.000
17:42810827:A:G	L429P	1.000
17:42810827:A:T	L429H	1.000
17:42810836:G:A	T426I	1.000
17:42810838:C:A	W425C	1.000
17:42810838:C:G	W425C	1.000
17:42810839:C:G	W425S	1.000
17:42810840:A:G	W425R	1.000
17:42810840:A:T	W425R	1.000
17:42810865:T:A	K416N	1.000
17:42810865:T:G	K416N	1.000
17:42810869:A:T	I415N	1.000
17:42811714:A:C	C375W	1.000
17:42811721:A:G	L373P	1.000
17:42811736:G:T	A368E	1.000
17:42811742:T:A	D366V	1.000
17:42811742:T:G	D366A	1.000
17:42811743:C:G	D366H	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000319622 (17:42815410 C>T), RS1000350652 (17:42815205 T>A), RS1000846044 (17:42825278 C>T), RS1001133326 (17:42823331 T>C), RS1001748491 (17:42819023 G>C,T), RS1001750012 (17:42825532 C>A,G), RS1001904751 (17:42823620 A>G), RS1002023231 (17:42816731 G>A), RS1002522443 (17:42812825 G>C), RS1002675834 (17:42820120 C>T), RS1002702838 (17:42821099 C>T), RS1003170034 (17:42825007 C>G,T), RS1003669856 (17:42819008 G>A), RS1003972017 (17:42811044 T>G), RS1003981614 (17:42813258 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604378 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004125_13	Type 2 diabetes (age of onset)	3.000000e-06

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL4296010 (SINGLE PROTEIN), CHEMBL6066579 (PROTEIN COMPLEX)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 4,288 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL376408	ABT 737	1	4,288

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

44 potent at pChembl≥5 of 52 total, top 44 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
7.20	IC50	63	nM	CHEMBL5203263
7.00	Kd	100	nM	CHEMBL5091207
6.74	IC50	184	nM	CHEMBL5201326
6.56	IC50	274	nM	CHEMBL5188416
6.48	Kd	330	nM	CHEMBL5083528
6.46	IC50	349	nM	CHEMBL5179160
6.46	IC50	349	nM	CHEMBL5203263
6.34	IC50	455	nM	CHEMBL5196601
6.21	Kd	610	nM	CHEMBL5086210
6.15	Kd	710	nM	CHEMBL5078220
6.07	Kd	860	nM	CHEMBL5077489
6.04	IC50	905	nM	CHEMBL5757533
6.01	IC50	982	nM	CHEMBL5184993
5.94	Kd	1140	nM	CHEMBL5094688
5.91	IC50	1244	nM	CHEMBL5822152
5.89	Kd	1290	nM	CHEMBL5083800
5.78	IC50	1676	nM	CHEMBL5204089
5.77	IC50	1700	nM	ABT 737
5.75	IC50	1800	nM	CHEMBL5190824
5.74	IC50	1801	nM	CHEMBL5787211
5.69	Kd	2030	nM	CHEMBL5069538
5.67	Kd	2140	nM	CHEMBL5085821
5.67	IC50	2140	nM	CHEMBL5949126
5.66	Kd	2200	nM	CHEMBL5093197
5.62	Kd	2410	nM	CHEMBL5089668
5.62	IC50	2421	nM	CHEMBL5183356
5.62	IC50	2390	nM	CHEMBL5201193
5.60	IC50	2500	nM	CHEMBL5184262
5.57	IC50	2680	nM	CHEMBL6018840
5.56	IC50	2765	nM	CHEMBL5198074
5.55	Kd	2840	nM	CHEMBL5089306
5.55	IC50	2794	nM	CHEMBL5204882
5.54	IC50	2879	nM	CHEMBL5201389
5.52	IC50	3000	nM	CHEMBL5201820
5.49	Kd	3210	nM	CHEMBL5088512
5.39	IC50	4100	nM	CHEMBL5185435
5.29	IC50	5138	nM	CHEMBL5850575
5.26	IC50	5520	nM	CHEMBL5174166
5.17	IC50	6770	nM	CHEMBL6032390
5.14	IC50	7227	nM	CHEMBL5183128
5.04	IC50	9100	nM	CHEMBL5209197
5.01	IC50	9830	nM	CHEMBL5170063
5.00	IC50	9895	nM	CHEMBL5171960
5.00	IC50	1e+04	nM	CHEMBL5202782

PubChem BioAssay actives

14 with measured affinity, of 24 total; 14 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,20S,24E,32R)-32-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-17-(4-aminobutyl)-8,11-bis[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-14-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,33-heptaoxo-5-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-24-ene-20-carbonyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	0.1000	uM
2-[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,20S,24E,32R)-32-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-20-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-17-(4-aminobutyl)-14-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2-(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,33-heptaoxo-5,11-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-24-en-8-yl]acetic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	0.3300	uM
(4S)-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,28E,33S)-33-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-3-(4-aminobutyl)-12-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-6,15-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-9-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-28-en-21-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	0.6100	uM
3-[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,28E,33S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-33-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-3,18-bis(4-aminobutyl)-15-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-12-(carboxymethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-9-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-28-en-6-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	0.7100	uM
3-[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,28E,33S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-aminobutyl)-33-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-9,18-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-15-(2-carboxyethyl)-12-(carboxymethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-28-en-6-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	0.8600	uM
3-[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,20S,24E,32R)-32-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-20-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-17-(4-aminobutyl)-14-(2-carboxyethyl)-8-(carboxymethyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,33-heptaoxo-11-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-24-en-5-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	1.1400	uM
3-[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,20S,24E,32R)-32-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-20-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-17-(4-aminobutyl)-14-(2-carboxyethyl)-8-(carboxymethyl)-2-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,33-heptaoxo-11-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-24-en-5-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	1.2900	uM
4-[4-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)phenyl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N-[4-[[(2R)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylsulfanylbutan-2-yl]amino]-3-nitrophenyl]sulfonylbenzamide	2138372: Inhibition of Beclin-1/Bcl-2 (unknown origin) interaction by fluorescence polarization assay	ic50	1.7000	uM
3-[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15S,18S,21R,28E,33S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-aminobutyl)-33-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-9,18-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-15-(2-carboxyethyl)-12-(carboxymethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-28-en-6-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	2.0300	uM
3-[(3S,6S,9S,12S,18S,21R,28E,33S)-21-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-33-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-18-(4-aminobutyl)-12-(carboxymethyl)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-9-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-28-en-6-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	2.1400	uM
3-[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,20S,24E,32R)-32-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-20-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-17-(4-aminobutyl)-8-(carboxymethyl)-14-(2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,33-heptaoxo-11-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-24-en-5-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	2.2000	uM
3-[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,20S,24E,32R)-32-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-20-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-2,17-bis(4-aminobutyl)-14-(2-carboxyethyl)-8-(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,33-heptaoxo-11-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-24-en-5-yl]propanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	2.4100	uM
(4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S,17S,20S,24E,32R)-32-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-17-(4-aminobutyl)-2,11-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-5,14-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-8-(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,33-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-24-ene-20-carbonyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	2.8400	uM
(4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(3R,6R,9R,12R,15R,18R,21R,28E,33S)-9-(4-aminobutyl)-33-[[(2R)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-6-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,15-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-12-(2-carboxyethyl)-18-(carboxymethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotritriacont-28-en-21-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid	1830131: Binding affinity to Beclin 1 coiled coil domain (unknown origin) by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	kd	3.2100	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

257 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
3-methyladenine	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases response to substance, decreases expression, affects binding (+2 more)	21
Acetylcysteine	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases phosphorylation, affects cotreatment	14
sodium arsenite	increases reaction, affects cotreatment, affects reaction, increases expression, decreases reaction (+1 more)	13
Sirolimus	decreases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction (+1 more)	10
Resveratrol	affects metabolic processing, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases degradation, affects cotreatment (+6 more)	7
Arsenic Trioxide	affects binding, increases reaction, increases degradation, decreases reaction, increases expression	7
Cisplatin	decreases expression, decreases reaction, affects cotreatment, affects reaction, affects response to substance (+2 more)	7
Doxorubicin	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, affects response to substance, affects expression (+1 more)	6
Hydrogen Peroxide	increases reaction, affects localization, increases abundance, increases lipidation, affects response to substance (+5 more)	6
4-phenylbutyric acid	decreases reaction, increases expression	5
Chloroquine	decreases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction (+1 more)	5
Particulate Matter	decreases reaction, increases expression	5
dorsomorphin	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression	4
Paraquat	increases reaction, decreases reaction, affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	4
Palmitic Acid	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, affects expression (+1 more)	4
Nanotubes, Carbon	decreases expression, increases expression	4
tetrandrine	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	3
manganese chloride	affects expression, increases expression, affects binding, affects reaction, decreases reaction (+1 more)	3
hydroquinone	increases expression, increases reaction, decreases reaction	3
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	decreases reaction, increases phosphorylation, increases expression, increases activity	3
Ethanol	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression, increases degradation	3
Arsenic	increases expression, affects cotreatment, affects expression, affects methylation, decreases reaction (+1 more)	3
Cannabidiol	increases expression, affects response to substance	3
Cadmium Chloride	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects reaction, increases abundance	3
bisphenol A	increases expression, affects binding, increases reaction, affects reaction, decreases reaction	2
arsenite	increases expression, affects reaction, decreases expression, increases lipidation	2
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	increases expression, increases reaction, affects reaction	2
U 0126	decreases reaction, increases expression	2
pyrazolanthrone	affects binding, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	2
3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenenitrile	increases expression, decreases reaction	2

ChEMBL screening assays

7 unique, capped per target: 7 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4118772	Binding	Binding affinity to BECN1 in human NCI-H23 cells at 1 uM by mass spectrometry based pull down assay	Studies of TAK1-centered polypharmacology with novel covalent TAK1 inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1L8	Abcam HeLa BECN1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.