BOD1L1

gene
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Also known as FLJ33215KIAA1327

Summary

BOD1L1 (biorientation of chromosomes in cell division 1 like 1, HGNC:31792) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4p15.33, encoding Biorientation of chromosomes in cell division protein 1-like 1 (Q8NFC6). Component of the fork protection machinery required to protect stalled/damaged replication forks from uncontrolled DNA2-dependent resection.

Involved in DNA damage response and replication fork processing. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of Set1C/COMPASS complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 259282 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 491 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
  • Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_148894

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:31792
Approved symbolBOD1L1
Namebiorientation of chromosomes in cell division 1 like 1
Location4p15.33
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFLJ33215, KIAA1327
Ensembl geneENSG00000038219
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM616746
Entrez259282

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 4 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000040738, ENST00000482713, ENST00000505343, ENST00000507943, ENST00000509897, ENST00000511119, ENST00000927661, ENST00000927662

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_148894 NM_148894

CCDS: CCDS3411

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000040738 — 26 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000004322861359586013595944
ENSE000007047891357758213577631
ENSE000007048451357992813579973
ENSE000007049051358102013581054
ENSE000007050801359192313591966
ENSE000007050821359710413597168
ENSE000008167221358113213581207
ENSE000010356461358223713582310
ENSE000011935491356873813570128
ENSE000016557011360711713607189
ENSE000016961411360853013608668
ENSE000017288581361351213613661
ENSE000017493261360929513609406
ENSE000017696991361093413611100
ENSE000017967071359894613605084
ENSE000019097701362734513627725
ENSE000034795601361994313620067
ENSE000034995691358872213588792
ENSE000035862221361531213615502
ENSE000035881061358265213582736
ENSE000035957601361419613614810
ENSE000035996091357740313577487
ENSE000036203471358639613586475
ENSE000036260771359038613590446
ENSE000036842761357683813576991
ENSE000036874401358769913587771

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 262 present calls, max score 96.70.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 28.7076 / max 1031.2089, expressed in 1816 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
5142426.56631815
514232.1413790

Top tissues by expression

263 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
sural nerveUBERON:001548896.70gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818896.48gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004395.23gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370195.14gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337994.27gold quality
cerebellar vermisUBERON:000472093.61gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033193.59gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209293.31gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211992.53gold quality
nerveUBERON:000102192.38gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132392.38gold quality
medial globus pallidusUBERON:000247792.22gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233692.14gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017892.00gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211891.93gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119991.70gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212991.66gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224591.64gold quality
monocyteCL:000057691.59gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203791.41gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237191.40gold quality
tibialis anteriorUBERON:000138591.36gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073891.33gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985391.33gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210691.28gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489091.26gold quality
globus pallidusUBERON:000187591.02gold quality
ovaryUBERON:000099290.97gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039790.96gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656690.88gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes9.17
E-MTAB-7606no539.73
E-MTAB-6075no511.74

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

166 targeting BOD1L1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-4668-3P100.0068.742635
HSA-MIR-6833-3P100.0070.633197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P100.0069.492861
HSA-MIR-4262100.0073.263931
HSA-MIR-513A-5P100.0069.772465
HSA-MIR-366299.9973.825684
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P99.9972.152772
HSA-MIR-181A-5P99.9972.962995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P99.9972.972996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P99.9972.952996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P99.9973.042997
HSA-MIR-520D-5P99.9873.344883
HSA-MIR-524-5P99.9873.434882
HSA-MIR-480399.9871.993117
HSA-MIR-485-3P99.9870.681585
HSA-MIR-539-3P99.9870.741616
HSA-MIR-4789-5P99.9870.762721
HSA-MIR-56899.9869.862084
HSA-MIR-27A-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-998599.9872.112939
HSA-MIR-3688-3P99.9772.022834
HSA-MIR-493-5P99.9672.472382
HSA-MIR-9-3P99.9670.882068
HSA-MIR-590-3P99.9674.346478

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

  • Results show that BOD1L protects against severe genome instability caused by replication stress; it maintains fork stability by stabilizing RAD51 nucleofilaments. (PMID:26166705)
  • Protection or resection: BOD1L as a novel replication fork protection factor. (PMID:26889944)
  • BOD1L mediates chromatin binding and non-canonical function of H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A. (PMID:38989615)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriobod1l1ENSDARG00000089505
mus_musculusBod1lENSMUSG00000061755
rattus_norvegicusBod1l1ENSRNOG00000050437

Paralogs (2): BOD1 (ENSG00000145919), BOD1L2 (ENSG00000228075)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Biorientation of chromosomes in cell division protein 1-like 1Q8NFC6 (reviewed: Q8NFC6)

All UniProt accessions (3): F8WDD0, H0Y9Y2, Q8NFC6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the fork protection machinery required to protect stalled/damaged replication forks from uncontrolled DNA2-dependent resection. Acts by stabilizing RAD51 at stalled replication forks and protecting RAD51 nucleofilaments from the antirecombinogenic activities of FBH1 and BLM. Does not regulate spindle orientation.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts (via COMPASS-Shg1 domain) with SETD1A at stalled replication forks; this interaction mediates FANCD2-dependent nucleosome remodeling at reversed forks protecting them from nucleolytic degradation.

Subcellular location. Chromosome.

Similarity. Belongs to the BOD1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_683692* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR043244BOD1L1Family
IPR055264BOD1/SHG1_domDomain

Pfam: PF05205

UniProt features (100 total): compositionally biased region 35, modified residue 31, region of interest 15, sequence variant 10, sequence conflict 5, cross-link 2, chain 1, DNA-binding region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

No AlphaFold model available for Q8NFC6 — AlphaFold DB does not currently provide models for proteins above ~3000 aa.

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (33): 266, 473, 482, 484, 635, 659, 660, 733, 1077, 1145, 1318, 1354, 1531, 1701, 1710, 2013, 2025, 2128, 2203, 2475 …

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-9772755Formation of WDR5-containing histone-modifying complexes
R-HSA-212165Epigenetic regulation of gene expression
R-HSA-74160Gene expression (Transcription)
R-HSA-9917777Epigenetic regulation by WDR5-containing histone modifying complexes

MSigDB gene sets: 155 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_BRAIN_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GOBP_DNA_TEMPLATED_DNA_REPLICATION_MAINTENANCE_OF_FIDELITY, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_ANAPLASTIC_UP, BERENJENO_ROCK_SIGNALING_NOT_VIA_RHOA_DN, GCM_GSPT1, GCM_BCL2L1, KINSEY_TARGETS_OF_EWSR1_FLII_FUSION_DN, MODULE_480, GOBP_DNA_DAMAGE_RESPONSE, LASTOWSKA_NEUROBLASTOMA_COPY_NUMBER_DN, GCM_NF2, BURTON_ADIPOGENESIS_12, CHANDRAN_METASTASIS_UP, GOBP_DNA_REPLICATION, MODULE_427

GO Biological Process (3): DNA repair (GO:0006281), DNA damage response (GO:0006974), replication fork processing (GO:0031297)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), chromosome (GO:0005694), Set1C/COMPASS complex (GO:0048188)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Epigenetic regulation by WDR5-containing histone modifying complexes1
Gene expression (Transcription)1
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
DNA metabolic process1
DNA damage response1
cellular response to stress1
DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity1
binding1
nuclear lumen1
cellular anatomical structure1
intracellular membraneless organelle1
histone methyltransferase complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1316 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
BOD1L1ABRAXAS2Q15018668
BOD1L1BRCA2P51587658
BOD1L1DNA2P51530650
BOD1L1RADXQ6NSI4623
BOD1L1PAXIP1Q6ZW49603
BOD1L1FBH1Q8NFZ0603
BOD1L1ZRANB3Q5FWF4602
BOD1L1WRNIP1Q96S55598
BOD1L1SETD1AO15047594
BOD1L1SMARCAL1Q9NZC9592
BOD1L1EXO1Q9UQ84511
BOD1L1HLTFQ14527507
BOD1L1C1orf159Q96HA4498
BOD1L1FANCD2Q9BXW9481
BOD1L1SSH2Q76I76471

IntAct

76 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
WDR5KMT2Dpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.910
ASH2LKMT2Dpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.890
RBBP5KMT2Dpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
NUP50KPNA4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.830
NUP50KPNA3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.780
BOD1L1WDR5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.770
CXXC1SETD1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.760
WDR5MEN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
YWHAGBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
KPNA1TCERG1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
YWHAHBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.570
MDKSETD1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
HCFC2SETD1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
EPB41L3AP3B1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
BAG2HGSpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
EPB41L5SETD1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
Nf2BOD1L1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
BOD1L1CNPY3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
DLEC1BOD1L1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
H1-2BOD1L1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400

BioGRID (202): BOD1L1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BOD1L1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BOD1L1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL6 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCBP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RBBP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), TAF6 (Affinity Capture-MS), SEMA3B (Affinity Capture-MS), MKNK1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AKR7A2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SETD1A (Affinity Capture-MS), KEAP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TACC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), SKIV2L2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM29 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2A6A1, A8MW92, B5DE93, D2H526, E1BB50, E9Q309, E9Q4F7, E9Q6J5, F1QBY1, O14513, O60284, P30414, P30415, P31629, Q01538, Q14AX6, Q17QQ9, Q3KPW4, Q3MJK5, Q498L0, Q499E5, Q4V9H5, Q5R6I3, Q5SW79, Q5VT06, Q6A065, Q6P9P0, Q6PCB5, Q6UB98, Q6UB99, Q80TY4, Q80YR5, Q86V48, Q8BLG0, Q8BYK8, Q8C5W0, Q8CCJ9, Q8CFC2, Q8IX21, Q8NFC6

Diamond homologs: E9Q6J5, Q5SQY2, Q68FB1, Q6AYJ2, Q6DFL2, Q8IYS8, Q8NFC6, Q96IK1

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 83 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Formation of WDR5-containing histone-modifying complexes1148.7×7e-14
NS1 Mediated Effects on Host Pathways523.8×2e-04
Deactivation of the beta-catenin transactivating complex623.3×3e-05
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by MLL3 and MLL4 complexes516.4×9e-04
Influenza Infection514.6×1e-03
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions514.6×1e-03
PKMTs methylate histone lysines513.4×2e-03
Epigenetic regulation by WDR5-containing histone modifying complexes512.9×2e-03

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
protein import into nucleus713.8×4e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

491 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic1
Uncertain significance413
Likely benign40
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
814529GRCh37/hg19 4p16.2-15.32(chr4:5914109-17264668)x1Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

3956 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
4:13576987:GGATT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13576988:GATT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13576989:ATT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13576990:TT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13576991:TC:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
4:13576992:C:CAacceptor_loss1.0000
4:13576992:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577398:CATA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
4:13577399:ATAC:Adonor_loss1.0000
4:13577400:TACCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
4:13577401:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
4:13577401:A:ATdonor_loss1.0000
4:13577401:ACCAG:Adonor_gain1.0000
4:13577402:C:CAdonor_gain1.0000
4:13577402:CCAG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
4:13577402:CCAGC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
4:13577443:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
4:13577483:TCATC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577484:CATC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577484:CATCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577485:ATC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577486:TC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577486:TCCTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
4:13577487:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577488:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577495:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577496:A:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577497:A:ACacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577497:A:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
4:13577580:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

20252 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
4:13613609:G:CS409R1.000
4:13613609:G:TS409R1.000
4:13613611:T:GS409R1.000
4:13614747:A:TI208K1.000
4:13614759:A:TI204K1.000
4:13615397:A:CF158L1.000
4:13615397:A:TF158L1.000
4:13615398:A:GF158S1.000
4:13615399:A:GF158L1.000
4:13615411:C:GA154P1.000
4:13615419:A:TV151E1.000
4:13615430:G:CF147L1.000
4:13615430:G:TF147L1.000
4:13615431:A:CF147C1.000
4:13615431:A:GF147S1.000
4:13615432:A:GF147L1.000
4:13615445:C:AK142N1.000
4:13615445:C:GK142N1.000
4:13615458:A:TV138D1.000
4:13615461:T:GQ137P1.000
4:13615467:A:TI135N1.000
4:13615470:A:CI134S1.000
4:13615470:A:GI134T1.000
4:13615470:A:TI134N1.000
4:13615471:T:AI134F1.000
4:13615473:C:GR133P1.000
4:13615482:C:TG130D1.000
4:13615483:C:GG130R1.000
4:13615491:A:GL127S1.000
4:13619949:A:TV121D1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000016956 (4:13628886 A>T), RS1000097589 (4:13581994 C>T), RS1000126836 (4:13623291 T>C), RS1000153971 (4:13604422 TTTG>T), RS10001811 (4:13568528 T>A,C), RS1000254429 (4:13608752 A>G), RS1000378969 (4:13597748 T>C), RS1000404587 (4:13601581 G>A), RS1000436363 (4:13623064 C>T), RS1000503121 (4:13584268 T>A), RS10005265 (4:13575941 A>C,T), RS10005546 (4:13579052 C>A,T), RS1000602163 (4:13595628 G>A,T), RS1000606060 (4:13577132 C>G,T), RS1000659367 (4:13621830 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:616746 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002312_4Periodontal disease-related phenotype (Socransky)1.000000e-06
GCST002312_7Periodontal disease-related phenotype (Socransky)4.000000e-06
GCST003441_1Response to paclitaxel in ovarian cancer (MTT IC50)2.000000e-07
GCST004793_2Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in C9orf72 mutation negative individuals2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0006952cytotoxicity measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5724770 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 1,538 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL1232461MOLIBRESIB21,538

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
7.19Kd65nMMOLIBRESIB
7.16IC5070nMMOLIBRESIB

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 7 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
2-[(4S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-4-yl]-N-ethylacetamide2179246: Binding affinity against FAM44A (unknown origin) assessed as apparent dissociation constant incubated for 1 hr by colloidal coomassie staining based LC-MS/MS analysiskd0.0650uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

33 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arsenitedecreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionincreases expression2
FR900359affects phosphorylation1
geldanamycinincreases expression1
arseniteaffects binding, decreases reaction1
methylparabenincreases expression1
manganese chlorideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance1
coumarinaffects phosphorylation1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
perfluorooctane sulfonic aciddecreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
abrinedecreases expression1
bisphenol Sdecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
Irinotecandecreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxideincreases expression1
Vorinostatdecreases expression1
Arsenicdecreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment1
Caffeineaffects phosphorylation1
Cisplatindecreases expression1
Clorgylineincreases expression1
Dexamethasoneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases phosphorylation, affects phosphorylation, affects response to substance1
Indomethacinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Manganeseaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance1
Ribonucleotidesaffects binding1
Thimerosaldecreases expression1
Thiramincreases expression1
Tolueneincreases expression1
Valproic Acidincreases expression1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

7 unique, capped per target: 7 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL5697788BindingInhibition of FAM44A (unknown origin) assessed as fold change at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by colloidal coomassie staining based LC-MS/MS analysisInhibition of BET recruitment to chromatin as an effective treatment for MLL-fusion leukaemia. — Nature

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.