BTBD1

Summary

BTBD1 (BTB domain containing 1, HGNC:1120) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 15q25.2, encoding BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 1 (Q9H0C5). Probable substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.

The C-terminus of the protein encoded by this gene binds topoisomerase I. The N-terminus contains a proline-rich region and a BTB/POZ domain (broad-complex, Tramtrack and bric a brac/Pox virus and Zinc finger), both of which are typically involved in protein-protein interactions. Subcellularly, the protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 53339 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 61 total — 1 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_025238

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1120
Approved symbol	BTBD1
Name	BTB domain containing 1
Location	15q25.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000064726
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	608530
Entrez	53339

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 12 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000261721, ENST00000379403, ENST00000558344, ENST00000559652, ENST00000560015, ENST00000876368, ENST00000876369, ENST00000876370, ENST00000876371, ENST00000929299, ENST00000929300, ENST00000944296, ENST00000944297, ENST00000944298, ENST00000944299

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_025238 NM_001011885, NM_025238

CCDS: CCDS10322, CCDS32313

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000261721 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001103546	83050073	83050178
ENSE00001103552	83066751	83067252
ENSE00001103556	83056389	83056545
ENSE00001663454	83016423	83018225
ENSE00003464983	83020675	83020762
ENSE00003582436	83018707	83018853
ENSE00003586186	83030136	83030328
ENSE00003593826	83041728	83041925

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 290 present calls, max score 99.42.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 24.1711 / max 187.9417, expressed in 1816 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
151293	21.5153	1813
151292	1.1134	536
151290	0.8989	442
151291	0.6436	294

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	99.42	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	99.23	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	99.16	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	99.16	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	98.99	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	98.96	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	98.95	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	98.89	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	98.84	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	98.73	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	98.73	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	98.52	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	98.47	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	98.45	gold quality
skeletal muscle organ	UBERON:0014892	98.45	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	98.43	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	98.42	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	98.42	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	98.40	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	98.28	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	98.24	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	98.23	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	98.19	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	98.17	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	98.14	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	98.03	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	97.97	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	97.90	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	97.87	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	97.83	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	3.57
E-MTAB-6386	no	47.07

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

125 targeting BTBD1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227
HSA-MIR-141-3P	99.94	72.79	2421
HSA-MIR-200A-3P	99.94	72.68	2420
HSA-MIR-9983-3P	99.94	71.48	3631
HSA-MIR-381-3P	99.93	71.87	2854
HSA-MIR-3682-5P	99.93	67.97	1163
HSA-MIR-338-5P	99.92	72.34	2951
HSA-MIR-300	99.92	71.76	2856
HSA-MIR-5680	99.91	69.83	3421
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-627-3P	99.90	71.42	3316

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• subcellular colocalization of BTBD1 and BTBD2 to cytoplasmic bodies; TRIM5delta colocalized with BTBD1/2 and appeared to serve as a scaffold for the assembly of endogenous BTBD1/2 proteins (PMID:12878161)
• BTBD1 is essential for myogenic differentiation (PMID:15486563)
• Interaction of BTBD1 and BTBD2 with TOP1 requires TOP1 residues 236 and 237, the same residues required to enhance the infectivity of progeny virions when TOP1 is expressed in African Green Monkey producer cells. (PMID:21092135)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Btbd1	ENSMUSG00000025103
rattus_norvegicus	Btbd1	ENSRNOG00000019529

Paralogs (11): ABTB1 (ENSG00000114626), SPOP (ENSG00000121067), KBTBD4 (ENSG00000123444), BTBD3 (ENSG00000132640), BTBD2 (ENSG00000133243), SPOPL (ENSG00000144228), ABTB3 (ENSG00000151136), ABTB2 (ENSG00000166016), KLHL11 (ENSG00000178502), BTBD9 (ENSG00000183826), BTBD6 (ENSG00000184887)

Protein

Protein identifiers

BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 1 — Q9H0C5 (reviewed: Q9H0C5)

Alternative names: Hepatitis C virus NS5A-transactivated protein 8

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9H0C5, H0YL89

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Probable substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Seems to regulate expression levels and/or subnuclear distribution of TOP1, via an unknown mechanism. May play a role in mesenchymal differentiation where it promotes myogenic differentiation and suppresses adipogenesis.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts (via C-terminus) with TOP1. Interacts with TRIM5 isoform Delta. Interacts with CUL3.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous; highest levels in testes, heart and skeletal muscle.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9H0C5-1	1	yes
Q9H0C5-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001011885, NP_079514* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000210	BTB/POZ_dom	Domain
IPR011333	SKP1/BTB/POZ_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011705	BACK	Domain
IPR012983	PHR	Domain
IPR038648	PHR_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00651, PF07707, PF08005

UniProt features (12 total): sequence conflict 3, domain 2, compositionally biased region 2, splice variant 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H0C5-F1	87.99	0.75

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 79

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-8951664	Neddylation
R-HSA-983168	Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation
R-HSA-1280218	Adaptive Immune System
R-HSA-168256	Immune System
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification
R-HSA-983169	Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation

MSigDB gene sets: 182 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_COLON_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_BINDING, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_CLASS_I_MHC_MEDIATED_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_PRESENTATION, REACTOME_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_UBIQUITINATION_PROTEASOME_DEGRADATION, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, STAT3_01, GOBP_MUSCLE_STRUCTURE_DEVELOPMENT, MILI_PSEUDOPODIA_HAPTOTAXIS_UP, GOBP_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, NAKAMURA_TUMOR_ZONE_PERIPHERAL_VS_CENTRAL_DN, ACTTTAT_MIR1425P, MARKEY_RB1_ACUTE_LOF_UP, DANG_BOUND_BY_MYC, HOWLIN_CITED1_TARGETS_1_DN

GO Biological Process (5): muscle organ development (GO:0007517), protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), neurogenesis (GO:0022008), regulation of protein binding (GO:0043393), cell differentiation (GO:0030154)

GO Molecular Function (3): identical protein binding (GO:0042802), cullin family protein binding (GO:0097602), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): P-body (GO:0000932), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytosol (GO:0005829), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule (GO:0036464), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-5 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Post-translational protein modification	1
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation	1
Immune System	1
Metabolism of proteins	1
Adaptive Immune System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein binding	3
cellular anatomical structure	3
cytoplasm	2
animal organ development	1
muscle structure development	1
protein modification by small protein conjugation	1
nervous system development	1
cell differentiation	1
regulation of binding	1
cellular developmental process	1
binding	1
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule	1
nuclear lumen	1
cellular_component	1
ribonucleoprotein granule	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

778 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
BTBD1	TRIM5	Q9C035	903
BTBD1	TOP1	P11387	823
BTBD1	UBE2D2	P51669	589
BTBD1	TRIM34	Q9BYJ4	494
BTBD1	TRIM6	Q9C030	492
BTBD1	LRR1	Q96L50	479
BTBD1	TRIM22	Q8IYM9	429
BTBD1	C15orf40	Q8WUR7	428
BTBD1	AP3B2	Q13367	427
BTBD1	PPP1R26	Q5T8A7	419
BTBD1	TRAT1	Q6PIZ9	412
BTBD1	GPR152	Q8TDT2	412
BTBD1	PAN3	Q58A45	397
BTBD1	NACC2	Q96BF6	379
BTBD1	PTRH1	Q86Y79	374

IntAct

197 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CUL3	KLHL12	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.920
COPS5	COPS2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.910
PNMA1	ZCCHC12	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.890
CUL3	BTBD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.880
COPS2	GPS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.860
COPS8	COPS2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.850
NHERF2	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.770
COPS6	RHOBTB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
NTAQ1	BTBD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
EIF4EBP1	EIF4E1B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
FXR2	CSNK2A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
FAM98A	HERC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
CARNMT1	NUP42	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
GLMN	FKBP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ZNF414	AHCYL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
OTUD6B	BTBD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.620
BTBD1	BTBD2	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.620
BTBD2	BTBD1	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.620
HSP90AA1	BTBD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
MPP3	BTBD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PSMD5	BTBD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (189): BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTBD1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2TF48, A5HNF6, A8QMS7, B3SRQ2, B3Y678, B3Y679, B3Y680, B3Y681, B3Y682, B3Y683, B6CJX2, C8BKC7, D3ZUM2, F1QWA8, I3L5V6, O02697, O88879, P0CI65, P22366, P48736, P52735, P58544, Q00653, Q13158, Q1M161, Q28DJ2, Q3V3E1, Q4LBC6, Q599T9, Q5FWM2, Q5XJ85, Q60992, Q61160, Q645M6, Q6AZT7, Q6PDS3, Q6SZW1, Q6Y1S1, Q7TNH6, Q7Z494

Diamond homologs: A0JMG1, A1YEX3, B0WWP2, B3DIV9, B3M9V8, B3NDN0, B4GRJ2, B4HIK1, B4J045, B4L0G9, B4LIG6, B4MXW3, B4PD06, B4QLQ2, B7U179, D3Z8N4, D4A2K4, E0CZ16, E7F6F9, F1LZF0, F1MBP6, O14682, O22286, O35709, O43791, O81432, O95198, P0DMR5, P0DMR6, P24278, P28575, P34568, P58544, P58545, Q08DK3, Q08DS0, Q0D2A9, Q0IHH9, Q0VCW1, Q16RL8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 183 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
DNA Damage Recognition in GG-NER	10	25.5×	3e-09
Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex	9	17.0×	9e-07
Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis	10	9.3×	2e-05
Neddylation	15	6.3×	3e-06

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
regulation of protein neddylation	8	47.1×	1e-09
protein neddylation	8	35.3×	1e-08
TOR signaling	5	24.1×	4e-04
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	5	11.3×	1e-02
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	13	4.3×	2e-03
protein ubiquitination	15	3.9×	1e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

61 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	45
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
2685526	GRCh37/hg19 15q25.2(chr15:83220107-84811774)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1283 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
15:83018705:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
15:83018706:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
15:83018850:TGAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83020761:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83020762:TC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:83020763:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:83020763:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83030131:GATA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83030132:ATAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83030133:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83030134:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83030327:ACC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:83030328:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:83041722:CCTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83041723:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83041724:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83041725:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83041726:ACCT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83041727:CCTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
15:83041921:TGTAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83041922:GTAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83041923:TAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83041924:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83041925:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:83041926:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83041926:C:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:83041933:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83041934:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:83050066:AACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:83050067:ACTTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3136 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
15:83018094:T:A	Q474H	1.000
15:83018094:T:G	Q474H	1.000
15:83018098:C:A	G473V	1.000
15:83018098:C:T	G473E	1.000
15:83018099:C:G	G473R	1.000
15:83018099:C:T	G473R	1.000
15:83018113:G:A	T468I	1.000
15:83018116:C:A	G467V	1.000
15:83018116:C:T	G467D	1.000
15:83018117:C:A	G467C	1.000
15:83018117:C:G	G467R	1.000
15:83018117:C:T	G467S	1.000
15:83018118:A:C	N466K	1.000
15:83018118:A:T	N466K	1.000
15:83018119:T:A	N466I	1.000
15:83018120:T:C	N466D	1.000
15:83018197:C:T	G440E	1.000
15:83018198:C:G	G440R	1.000
15:83018198:C:T	G440R	1.000
15:83018206:C:A	G437V	1.000
15:83018206:C:T	G437D	1.000
15:83018207:C:G	G437R	1.000
15:83018210:A:C	Y436D	1.000
15:83018215:G:A	S434F	1.000
15:83018215:G:T	S434Y	1.000
15:83018216:A:G	S434P	1.000
15:83018224:C:T	G431D	1.000
15:83018225:C:G	G431R	1.000
15:83018723:G:T	A425E	1.000
15:83020715:C:A	G368V	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000014226 (15:83063034 A>G), RS1000082086 (15:83027666 C>G,T), RS1000177491 (15:83016348 A>G), RS1000211390 (15:83033942 G>A), RS1000270717 (15:83046234 A>G), RS1000319730 (15:83045887 A>G), RS1000324989 (15:83065578 A>T), RS1000472990 (15:83041479 G>A), RS1000481462 (15:83059455 G>C), RS1000670421 (15:83016149 C>G), RS1000789804 (15:83051587 A>G), RS1000811611 (15:83058124 A>G), RS1000839923 (15:83069038 G>A), RS1000850761 (15:83052971 T>C), RS1000856051 (15:83022025 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:608530 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000962_1	Kawasaki disease	7.000000e-06
GCST007692_37	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	8.000000e-09
GCST008058_284	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	1.000000e-11

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, increases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Lead	affects expression	1
Methylmercury Compounds	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B2T4	Abcam HEK293T BTBD1 KO	Transformed cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.