BTG4

Summary

BTG4 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 4, HGNC:13862) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q23.1, encoding Protein BTG4 (Q9NY30). Adapter protein that bridges CNOT7, a catalytic subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, to EIF4E.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family has structurally related proteins that appear to have antiproliferative properties. This encoded protein can induce G1 arrest in the cell cycle.

Source: NCBI Gene 54766 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): oocyte maturation defect 8 (Strong, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 39 total — 3 pathogenic, 2 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 5
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001367975

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:13862
Approved symbol	BTG4
Name	BTG anti-proliferation factor 4
Location	11q23.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PC3B, APRO3
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000137707
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605673
Entrez	54766

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 5 protein_coding

ENST00000356018, ENST00000456861, ENST00000525791, ENST00000689553, ENST00000692032

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001367975 NM_001367974, NM_001367975, NM_001367976, NM_017589

CCDS: CCDS8346, CCDS91585, CCDS91586

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000692032 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000930500	111497998	111498135
ENSE00001284238	111498604	111498802
ENSE00001354385	111497211	111497409
ENSE00003932426	111512181	111512386
ENSE00003938759	111494815	111495314

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 54 present calls, max score 99.88.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0514 / max 27.5162, expressed in 7 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
122245	0.0275	6
122244	0.0184	4
122243	0.0054	3

Top tissues by expression

253 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	99.88	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	99.73	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	92.68	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	89.94	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	87.33	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	86.45	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	86.31	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	84.95	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	83.97	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	78.41	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	76.26	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	73.04	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	71.93	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	70.81	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	67.00	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	62.03	silver quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	62.02	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	58.81	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	56.55	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	54.29	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	52.43	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	50.88	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	49.63	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	49.44	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.30	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	49.29	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	49.00	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	48.92	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	48.89	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	3.42

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting BTG4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-9902	99.89	69.15	2250
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-671-5P	99.52	67.11	1277
HSA-MIR-3074-5P	98.82	66.56	1414
HSA-MIR-4297	98.77	66.95	2013
HSA-MIR-484	98.16	66.92	1074
HSA-MIR-3155A	98.16	66.09	965
HSA-MIR-3155B	98.16	66.09	965
HSA-MIR-5581-5P	97.91	66.50	965
HSA-MIR-3620-3P	97.78	64.88	772
HSA-MIR-764	94.16	64.85	656

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• BTG4 could contribute to chronic lymphocytic leykemia pathogenesis following inactivation by haploinsufficiency. (PMID:15672409)
• miR-34b/c and BTG4 are novel tumor suppressors in colorectal cancer (CRC) and that the miR-34b/c CpG island, which bidirectionally regulates miR-34b/c and BTG4, is a frequent target of epigenetic silencing in CRC (PMID:18519671)
• these data support BTG4 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene that is epigenetically silenced in the majority of gastric cancers. (PMID:19576178)
• BTG4 is A Novel p53 Target Gene That Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis. (PMID:32093041)
• Homozygous Mutations in BTG4 Cause Zygotic Cleavage Failure and Female Infertility. (PMID:32502391)
• A novel homozygous missense variant in BTG4 causes zygotic cleavage failure and female infertility. (PMID:34647228)
• A novel homozygous C-terminal deletion in BTG4 causes zygotic cleavage failure and female infertility. (PMID:36471203)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	btg4	ENSDARG00000035171
mus_musculus	Btg4	ENSMUSG00000032056
rattus_norvegicus	Btg4	ENSRNOG00000011277

Paralogs (3): BTG1 (ENSG00000133639), BTG3 (ENSG00000154640), BTG2 (ENSG00000159388)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein BTG4 — Q9NY30 (reviewed: Q9NY30)

Alternative names: BTG family member 4, Protein PC3b

All UniProt accessions (3): A0A8I5KVE8, E9PRM5, Q9NY30

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Adapter protein that bridges CNOT7, a catalytic subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, to EIF4E. Facilitates maternal mRNAs decay during the maturation of oocytes and in the fertilized egg, and is required for the maternal-zygotic transition (MZT), zygotic cleavage and initiation of embryonic development.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with CNOT7. Interacts with EIF4E. Interacts with CNOT8.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in oocytes after germinal vesicle breakdown. Expressed in testis and in olfactory epithelium.

Disease relevance. Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 8 (OZEMA8) [MIM:619009] An autosomal recessive infertility disorder due to failure of the fertilized ovum to undergo zygotic cleavage. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the BTG family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9NY30-1	1	yes
Q9NY30-2	2

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001354903, NP_001354904, NP_001354905, NP_060059 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002087	Anti_prolifrtn	Domain
IPR033332	BTG	Family
IPR036054	BTG-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF07742

UniProt features (4 total): sequence variant 2, chain 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NY30-F1	79.62	0.58

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9820841	M-decay: degradation of maternal mRNAs by maternally stored factors
R-HSA-1266738	Developmental Biology
R-HSA-9816359	Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT)

MSigDB gene sets: 82 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, AREB6_01, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, EFC_Q6, AML_Q6, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE, AFP1_Q6, AML1_01, HNF1_01, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, WNT_UP.V1_UP, BRCA1_DN.V1_UP, KRAS.AMP.LUNG_UP.V1_UP, MIR4659A_3P_MIR4659B_3P, MIR4297

GO Biological Process (5): negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), neuron differentiation (GO:0030182), regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726), negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle (GO:0045930), maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression (GO:0160021)

GO Molecular Function (2): mRNA 3’-UTR binding (GO:0003730), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT)	1
Developmental Biology	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
negative regulation of cellular process	1
cell differentiation	1
generation of neurons	1
cell cycle	1
regulation of cellular process	1
mitotic cell cycle	1
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	1
negative regulation of cell cycle	1
regulation of gene expression	1
mRNA binding	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

606 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
BTG4	CNOT7	Q9UIV1	910
BTG4	CNOT8	Q9UFF9	895
BTG4	CNOT6L	Q96LI5	646
BTG4	ZFP36L2	P47974	615
BTG4	PABPN1L	A6NDY0	606
BTG4	WEE2	P0C1S8	538
BTG4	NLRP5	P59047	498
BTG4	CPEB1	Q9BZB8	488
BTG4	ZNF596	Q8TC21	468
BTG4	GDF9	O60383	452
BTG4	TLE6	Q9H808	449
BTG4	ZAR1L	A6NP61	445
BTG4	PATL2	C9JE40	443
BTG4	EIF4E	P06730	439
BTG4	PADI6	Q6TGC4	437

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

BioGRID (2): BTG4 (Two-hybrid), BTG4 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1B0GTY4, A0A1B0GVD1, A0A903V9Z8, A4GBX8, A4GCK9, A4U6V3, A4U7A7, A8C8W4, P03319, P03320, P03491, P0C2M3, P0C9J8, P0C9K3, P10920, P10921, P16821, P25361, P26705, P35938, P39983, P53074, P67866, P67867, P92528, Q03233, Q05637, Q07986, Q0A2D6, Q0HD59, Q10098, Q2M2T8, Q2PI09, Q2PIK5, Q38SQ7, Q3YPZ4, Q5BK38, Q5T7R7, Q67179, Q67203

Diamond homologs: A4UTQ2, O70552, O88677, P27049, P34743, P40744, P40745, P50615, P50616, P53348, P62324, P62325, P78543, Q04211, Q14106, Q14201, Q54NU5, Q61471, Q63073, Q8R5K6, Q9JM55, Q9NY30

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

39 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	2
Uncertain significance	31
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (5)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1802187	NM_001367975.1(BTG4):c.285G>C (p.Trp95Cys)	Pathogenic
977516	NM_001367975.1(BTG4):c.1A>G (p.Met1Val)	Pathogenic
977517	NM_001367975.1(BTG4):c.475_478del (p.Ile159fs)	Pathogenic
977514	NM_001367975.1(BTG4):c.166G>A (p.Ala56Thr)	Likely pathogenic
977515	NM_001367975.1(BTG4):c.73C>T (p.Gln25Ter)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1050 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:111467690:CAG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111467691:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111467698:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111467702:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111495097:C:CA	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111495121:G:A	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111495313:ACC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:111495315:C:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:111495316:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:111497196:TGGAA:T	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111497220:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111497221:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111497221:CT:C	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111497236:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111497237:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111497257:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111497272:T:A	donor_gain	0.9900
11:111498140:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498148:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498775:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498781:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498782:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498809:CAT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498811:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498811:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111498823:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:111467689:CCAG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
11:111467692:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
11:111467694:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
11:111467694:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

1537 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:111498604:C:A	R58M	0.998
11:111498026:A:G	W95R	0.997
11:111498026:A:T	W95R	0.997
11:111498604:C:G	R58T	0.997
11:111498639:C:A	W46C	0.997
11:111498639:C:G	W46C	0.997
11:111498135:C:A	R58S	0.996
11:111498135:C:G	R58S	0.996
11:111498641:A:G	W46R	0.996
11:111498641:A:T	W46R	0.996
11:111498676:A:G	L34P	0.995
11:111498028:A:T	I94K	0.994
11:111497409:C:A	R104S	0.993
11:111497409:C:G	R104S	0.993
11:111498606:G:C	F57L	0.993
11:111498606:G:T	F57L	0.993
11:111498608:A:G	F57L	0.993
11:111497998:C:G	R104T	0.992
11:111498024:C:A	W95C	0.992
11:111498024:C:G	W95C	0.992
11:111497380:A:T	V114D	0.991
11:111497998:C:A	R104M	0.991
11:111498028:A:C	I94R	0.990
11:111498132:G:C	C59W	0.990
11:111498605:T:C	R58G	0.990
11:111498688:A:G	F30S	0.990
11:111498130:A:T	I60N	0.989
11:111498134:A:G	C59R	0.989
11:111498617:C:G	G54R	0.989
11:111498617:C:T	G54R	0.989

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000032601 (11:111462038 G>A), RS1000063570 (11:111480979 A>G), RS1000115612 (11:111416937 T>C), RS1000132707 (11:111433919 T>C), RS1000156439 (11:111497002 T>C), RS1000185364 (11:111434122 T>A), RS1000197290 (11:111394059 A>C), RS1000204963 (11:111498850 C>A,T), RS1000210888 (11:111498779 T>C), RS1000242900 (11:111473270 G>C), RS1000256202 (11:111455970 C>T), RS1000317896 (11:111415637 C>G,T), RS1000340503 (11:111499343 G>A,C), RS1000342331 (11:111467077 C>T), RS1000343357 (11:111443820 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605673 | disease phenotypes: MIM:619009

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
oocyte maturation defect 8	Strong	Autosomal recessive
female infertility	Moderate	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (2): oocyte maturation defect 8 (MONDO:0033564), female infertility (MONDO:0021124)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

5 total (5 of 5 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000140	Abnormality of the menstrual cycle
HP:0008222	Female infertility
HP:0025132	Abnormal circulating estrogen level
HP:0033336	Zygotic cleavage failure

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST007563_14	Allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema)	1.000000e-10
GCST007564_5	Asthma or allergic disease (pleiotropy)	6.000000e-11
GCST008103_146	Bipolar disorder	3.000000e-06
GCST010703_266	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	4.000000e-13
GCST90020029_243	Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index	1.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007247	Infertility, Female	C12.050.351.500.498; C12.100.250.498; C12.100.750.350

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs4936453	BTG4		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

17 total (human), top 17 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	2
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
abrine	increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	decreases methylation, affects cotreatment	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Demecolcine	increases expression	1
Fonofos	increases methylation	1
Formaldehyde	increases expression	1
Methapyrilene	increases methylation	1
Parathion	increases methylation	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Vincristine	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

106 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01577472	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study Comparing the Effect of Clomiphencitrate to an Antagonist Protocol
NCT01791751	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Impact of Clomiphene Citrate Administration During the Early Luteal Phase on Endocrine Profile in IVF Cycles
NCT02070198	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Long Acting FSH Plus Antagonist Versus Daily FSH Plus Antagonist Versus Short Agonist Protocol in Poor Responders Undergoing IVF
NCT02328924	PHASE4	COMPLETED	There is a Value of Luteinizing Hormone Predictive of in Vitro Fertilization Treatment Outcome in Antagonist Protocols?
NCT03057574	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Gonapure® in Multifollicular Stimulation in Egyptian Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI
NCT05197374	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Estradiol Pretreatment on Antagonist ICSI Cycles
NCT05281341	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of GH Administration in Poor Responders Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
NCT05286554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Addition of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist to Luteal Phase Support
NCT05608590	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	What is the Best Moment for Performing an HSG in Women With a Unfulfilled Childwish
NCT05753098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Sildenafil Citrate Compared to Estrogen as Adjuvant Therapy for Unexplained Infertility
NCT06434233	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Opioid Use After Laparoscopic Salpingectomy
NCT06684951	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Intrauterine Flushing With Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on ICSI Outcome
NCT06921395	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Fang Le Shu Compared to Guo Na Fen for Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in Infertile Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization-embryo Transfer (IVF-ET).
NCT01850030	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Oral Dydrogesterone 30 mg Daily Versus Intravaginal Micronized Progesterone Capsules 600 mg Daily for Luteal Support in In-Vitro Fertilization
NCT02175498	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Homeopathic Treatment in Female Infertility
NCT02491437	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study Comparing the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Oral Dydrogesterone 30 mg Daily Versus Crinone 8% Intravaginal Progesterone Gel 90 mg Daily for Luteal Support in In-Vitro Fertilization (LOTUS II)
NCT03429621	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Simethicone on Reducing Bowel Interference During Tubal Resection
NCT03542331	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Endometrial Effects of Lipiodol
NCT03767569	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Myo-inositol as Pretreatment in Hyperandrogenic PCOS Patients
NCT03862586	PHASE3	COMPLETED	NAC Effect on Hox Genes Expressions in RIF
NCT05266924	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Recombinant Follicle-stimulating Hormone in Treatment for Infertility
NCT05460858	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	NAC Effect on Infertile Women With Endometrioma
NCT01354886	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Single Dose FSH-GEX™ in Healthy Volunteers
NCT01477073	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Multiple Dose FSH-GEX(TM) in Healthy Volunteers
NCT01604044	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Highly Purified Menotropin (HP-hMG) Versus Recombinant FSH (rFSH) Plus Recombinant LH (rLH) in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles in Women ≥35 Years: a Prospective Randomized Trial.
NCT03755037	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate, Estradiol and Sildenafil for Induction of Ovulation in Unexplained Infertility
NCT06599528	PHASE1	RECRUITING	A Comparing Study Between SJ04 and Ovidrel® in Healthy Subjects
NCT02237755	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Clomiphene Citrate in Combination With Gonadotropins for Ovarian Stimulation in Women With Poor Ovarian Response.
NCT02237781	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Levels of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) During Ovarian Stimulation With Gonadotropins
NCT02741102	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Uterine Transplant in Absolute Uterine Infertility (AUIF)
NCT03881904	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	OCP Pretreatment in PCOS Patients Undergoing ICSI Using Antagonist Protocol
NCT04071574	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Ovarian Stimulation Protocols on the Success Rate of ICSI in Female Infertility
NCT06896747	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Evaluating Mechanically Engineered Stem Cell Exosomes for Treating Endometrial Injury: A Clinical Study
NCT03237117	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Effect of Growth Hormone on Uterine Receptivity in Women With RIF in an Oocyte Donation Program
NCT06778733	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Low Dose Gonadotropin Stimulation Protocol Vs High Dose Gonadotropin Protocol in Poor Responders
NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
NCT00315029	Not specified	COMPLETED	Patient-Centered Implementation Trial for Single Embryo Transfer
NCT01331395	Not specified	TERMINATED	Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Success Rates
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