C1D

Summary

C1D (C1D nuclear receptor corepressor, HGNC:29911) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p14, encoding Nuclear nucleic acid-binding protein C1D (Q13901). Plays a role in the recruitment of the RNA exosome complex to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3’-5’ end processing of the 5.8S rRNA; this function may include MPHOSPH6. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 41.9% of cell lines).

The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA binding and apoptosis-inducing protein and is localized in the nucleus. It is also a Rac3-interacting protein which acts as a corepressor for the thyroid hormone receptor. This protein is thought to regulate TRAX/Translin complex formation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 10.

Source: NCBI Gene 10438 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): keratosis pilaris atrophicans (Moderate, GenCC) — +4 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 60 (top 1% of genes corpus-wide)
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 941 total — 5 pathogenic, 2 likely-pathogenic (top 3% of genes corpus-wide)
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 20 tissues, sQTL in 2 (q < 0.05)
• Phenotypes (HPO): 43
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 41.9% of screened cell lines
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.65 (intermediate), LOEUF 0.83 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_173177
• Notable: 941 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29911
Approved symbol	C1D
Name	C1D nuclear receptor corepressor
Location	2p14
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	SUNCOR, SUN-CoR, LRP1, Rrp47
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000197223
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606997
Entrez	10438

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 53 — 45 protein_coding, 5 nonsense_mediated_decay, 2 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000410067

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 2, TSL 2: 1, TSL 3: 3, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000410067, ENST00000355848, ENST00000407324, ENST00000409302, ENST00000470189, ENST00000479484, ENST00000485709, ENST00000871237, ENST00000871238, ENST00000871239, ENST00000871240, ENST00000871241, ENST00000871242, ENST00000871243, ENST00000871245, ENST00000871247, ENST00000871248, ENST00000937568, ENST00000937569, ENST00000937570, ENST00000937571, ENST00000941549, ENST00000941550, ENST00000941551, ENST00000941552, ENST00000999106, ENST00001021303, ENST00001021304, ENST00001071381, ENST00001071387, ENST00001071389, ENST00001071393, ENST00001104857, ENST00001104858, ENST00001104859, ENST00001104860, ENST00001104861, ENST00001104862, ENST00001104863, ENST00001104864, ENST00001104865, ENST00001104866, ENST00001104867, ENST00001104868, ENST00001104869, ENST00001104870, ENST00001104871, ENST00001104872, ENST00001104873, ENST00001104874, ENST00001104875, ENST00001104876, ENST00001104877

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_173177 NM_001190263, NM_001190265, NM_006333, NM_173177

CCDS: CCDS1883

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000410067 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000758730	68046344	68046410
ENSE00001584845	68062958	68063004
ENSE00001941177	68041130	68043053
ENSE00003510538	68045988	68046043
ENSE00003641475	68047173	68047319

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 133 present calls, max score 94.20.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 6.0742 / max 234.7217, expressed in 1695 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): islet of Langerhans, monocyte, leukocyte, bone marrow, endometrium.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

C1D is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 20 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 2 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 22 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Whole Blood	eqtl	2.1e-13	-0.48	2:68063060:T:C
Artery Tibial	eqtl	1.5e-07	+0.19	2:68043126:C:T
Thyroid	eqtl	7.9e-07	+0.22	2:68043126:C:T
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	1.1e-05	+0.24	2:68043126:C:T
Artery Aorta	eqtl	2.2e-05	+0.21	2:68046965:T:C
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	5.9e-05	+0.38	2:68067194:T:C
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	7.2e-05	-0.67	2:68044552:C:CA
Adipose Visceral Omentum	eqtl	9.6e-05	+0.23	2:68043126:C:T
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	4.1e-04	+0.36	2:68067194:T:C
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	6.1e-04	+0.19	2:68043126:C:T
Testis	eqtl	1.2e-02	+0.41	2:68067194:T:C
Pituitary	eqtl	1.4e-02	+0.23	2:68041574:A:C
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes	eqtl	1.7e-02	-0.48	2:68046864:G:A
Brain Frontal Cortex BA9	eqtl	1.7e-02	+0.14	2:68319317:G:A
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	1.7e-02	-0.53	2:68930261:G:A
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	1.9e-02	+0.12	2:68043126:C:T
Lung	eqtl	2.2e-02	+0.16	2:68057310:T:C
Pituitary	sqtl	2.6e-02	-0.68	2:68755744:T:C
Prostate	eqtl	2.7e-02	+0.22	2:68043126:C:T
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	sqtl	2.9e-02	-0.47	2:68445007:C:A

FANTOM5 promoters

1 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
28838	6.0742	1695

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 133 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	94.20	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	93.53	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	93.23	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	91.85	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	91.59	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	91.52	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	91.39	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	91.28	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	91.02	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	90.87	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	90.56	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	90.45	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	90.30	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	90.29	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	90.26	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	90.20	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	90.20	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	90.14	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	89.99	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	89.87	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	89.86	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	89.85	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	89.79	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	89.76	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	89.68	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	89.65	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	89.57	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	89.49	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	89.44	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	89.44	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	89.41	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	89.40	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	89.38	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	89.34	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	89.34	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	89.33	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	89.22	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	89.16	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	89.12	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	89.11	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	88.95	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	88.90	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	88.81	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	88.81	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	88.70	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	88.70	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	88.68	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	88.59	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	88.44	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	88.40	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	88.37	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	88.27	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	88.26	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	88.26	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	88.22	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	88.21	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	88.18	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	88.16	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	88.11	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	88.08	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	88.08	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	88.07	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	88.05	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	88.05	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	88.03	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	88.03	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	88.01	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	87.95	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	87.95	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	87.93	gold quality
multicellular organism	UBERON:0000468	87.91	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	87.91	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	87.87	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	87.86	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	87.86	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	87.79	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	87.79	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	87.78	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	87.73	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	87.66	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	87.65	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	87.61	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	87.57	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	87.56	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	87.55	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	87.54	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	87.50	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	87.49	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	87.48	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	87.45	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	87.42	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	87.41	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	87.33	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	87.24	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	87.23	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	87.23	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	87.22	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	87.22	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	87.20	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	87.20	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.87

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 158 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Hippocampus	tissue	171.8	medium
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	169.0
Locus coeruleus	tissue	159.6
Spinal cord	tissue	159.5
Choroid plexus	tissue	141.8
Superior colliculi	tissue	139.5
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	132.4
Medulla oblongata	tissue	129.9
Substantia nigra	tissue	126.2
Thalamus	tissue	121.5
Hypothalamus	tissue	117.1
Midbrain	tissue	113.8
Pons	tissue	110.8
Putamen	tissue	109.0
Basal ganglia	tissue	108.3	medium
Hippocampal formation	tissue	106.9
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	104.1
Cerebral cortex	tissue	103.9	medium
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	103.9
Adipose tissue	tissue	102.4	medium
Ventral forebrain	tissue	100.8
Septum	tissue	99.1
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	97.5
Motor cortex	tissue	94.8
Amygdala	tissue	94.0
Temporal cortex	tissue	92.6
Insular cortex	tissue	91.6
Cerebellum	tissue	91.0	low
Occipital cortex	tissue	89.9
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	86.4
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	86.1
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	84.9
Corpus callosum	tissue	71.6
Olfactory bulb	tissue	71.5
Ovary	tissue	52.2	medium
Bone marrow	tissue	45.4	low
Skeletal muscle	tissue	44.0	low
Placenta	tissue	37.5	medium
Hippocampal formation	tissue	36.3
Caudate putamen	tissue	36.0
Frontal cortex	tissue	33.0
Liver	tissue	32.8	medium
Caudate putamen	tissue	32.3
Frontal cortex	tissue	32.0
Liver	tissue	31.2	low
Lung	tissue	30.7	high
Cervix	tissue	29.9	not detected
Tongue	tissue	29.8
Gallbladder	tissue	29.5	low
Kidney	tissue	29.4	medium
Putamen	tissue	29.0
Vagina	tissue	28.4	not detected
Appendix	tissue	27.4	not detected
Smooth muscle	tissue	27.0	not detected
Pons	tissue	25.5
Thalamus	tissue	25.0
Cerebral cortex	tissue	24.7	low
Motor cortex	tissue	24.7
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	24.4
Urinary bladder	tissue	23.8	not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 382; highest nTPM — Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventral (249.8), Area postrema (238.3), Posterior thalamic nucleus (222.2), Habenula (220.2), Inferior olive (217.2).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting C1D by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 44 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-548AT-5P	99.96	70.83	2666
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-4699-3P	99.71	70.15	3142
HSA-MIR-33A-3P	99.70	70.27	3362
HSA-MIR-1284	99.67	73.56	1353
HSA-MIR-3177-5P	99.65	70.38	1174
HSA-MIR-561-3P	99.64	70.90	3647
HSA-MIR-548AV-5P	99.60	70.84	2107
HSA-MIR-548K	99.60	70.84	2107
HSA-MIR-12123	99.52	71.79	2990
HSA-MIR-8054	99.48	70.81	2084
HSA-MIR-5590-3P	99.48	70.91	2429
HSA-MIR-142-5P	99.48	70.92	2416
HSA-MIR-12131	99.48	68.72	1673
HSA-MIR-569	99.42	66.32	1009
HSA-MIR-889-3P	99.40	69.76	2103

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.647, LOEUF 0.826, missense Z 0.237 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000410067 — one region, missense o/e 0.85. DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 41.9% of screened cell lines.

Most-dependent cell lines (DepMap gene-effect, lower = stronger; ≤ −0.5 shown): NB-1 (-1.819), FaDu (-1.427), PE/CA-PJ34 (clone C12) (-1.226), KP-N-SI9s (-1.178), SIMA (-1.128), SK-N-AS (-1.122), HEC-50B (-1.078), EW8 (-1.073), UW228 (-1.069), 769-P (-1.068), LU99 (-1.065), SCS-214 (-1.06), SNU-C5 (-1.026), PC-3 (-1.021), 639-V (-1.018).

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• TRAX enhances the DNA binding capacity of Translin, that binds to recombination regions in some malignancies. C1D interacts with TRAX following g-irradiation and prevents formation of TRAX/Translin complex, thereby inhibits any unwanted recombination. (PMID:11801738)
• Results are consistent with a role for the exosome-associated protein C1D in the recruitment of the exosome to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3’ end processing of the 5.8S rRNA. (PMID:17412707)
• Anti-C1D autoantibodies were observed in patients with polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome. (PMID:17599775)
• C1D is associated with the DNA repair complex and may promote repair of ultraviolet irradiation-induced DNA damage. (PMID:20530579)
• Data confirm that C1D is not directly involved in repair of UV-damaged DNA; C1D appears to protects cells from oxidative stress (induced by UV irradiation or hydrogen peroxide oxidation) by regulating expression of DNA repair/transcription enzymes such as APEX1 or DDIT3. (C1D = nuclear receptor corepressor C1D; APEX1 = apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease-1; DDIT3 = DNA damage inducible transcript-3) (PMID:30165670)
• The C1D protein interacts with the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK and is a very effective substrate for DNA-PK in vitro. Moreover, C1D directs the activation of DNA-PK in a manner that does not require DNA termini, suggesting a role for C1D in DNA repair. (PMID:9679063)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	c1d	ENSDARG00000021112
mus_musculus	C1d	ENSMUSG00000000581
rattus_norvegicus	C1d	ENSRNOG00000005982
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00021785

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1927354) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 2 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
increased circulating serum albumin level	1
preweaning lethality, complete penetrance	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Pongo abelii	Q5RBU4	99.3%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q32PE4	98.6%	Diamond
Cricetulus griseus	Q7TSU0	95.7%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	Q5ZHS3	78.9%	Diamond
Xenopus laevis	Q3KPR1	74.0%	Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-	O74469	36.0%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
LINC02831	ncRNA	102724373
DNAAF10	protein-coding	116143
LINC01812	ncRNA	101927701

Protein

Protein identifiers

Nuclear nucleic acid-binding protein C1D — Q13901 (reviewed: Q13901)

All UniProt accessions (2): Q13901, J3KPZ4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role in the recruitment of the RNA exosome complex to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3’-5’ end processing of the 5.8S rRNA; this function may include MPHOSPH6. Can activate PRKDC not only in the presence of linear DNA but also in the presence of supercoiled DNA. Can induce apoptosis in a p53/TP53 dependent manner. May regulate the TRAX/TSN complex formation. Potentiates transcriptional repression by NR1D1 and THRB.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer and homodimer. Interacts with NR1D1, THRA, THRB, NCOR1 and NCOR2. Associates with the RNA exosome complex. Interacts with EXOSC10; the interaction probably mediates the association with the nuclear form of the RNA exosome. The homodimeric form interacts with TSNAX following gamma-radiation. Interacts with RAC3.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Nucleolus.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous. Expressed at very high levels in the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, mammary gland, thyroid and salivary gland. Expressed at high levels in the fetal; lung, liver and kidney. Expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle, appendix, heart, lung and colon.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated by PRKDC.

Induction. By gamma-radiation.

Similarity. Belongs to the C1D family.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001177192, NP_001177194, NP_006324, NP_775269* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007146	Sas10/Utp3/C1D	Family
IPR011082	Exosome-assoc_fac/DNA_repair	Family

Pfam: PF04000

UniProt features (9 total): region of interest 3, cross-link 3, chain 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q13901-F1	88.37	0.67

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: CD markers, Transporters, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Disease related genes, Potential drug targets, Human disease related genes, Congenital malformations, Congenital malformations of skin

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): plasma membrane; cytosol; nucleoli

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH supported · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3)

Type	Positions
Glycyl lysine isopeptide (lys-gly) (interchain with g-cter in sumo2)	119, 126, 132

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 curated (TAS) of 6; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

6 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-6791226	Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol	curated
R-HSA-9930044	Nuclear RNA decay	curated
R-HSA-8953854	Metabolism of RNA	—
R-HSA-9938024	Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes	electronic
R-HSA-72312	rRNA processing	—
R-HSA-8868773	rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol	—

MSigDB gene sets: 723 (showing top): GOBP_PLATELET_DERIVED_GROWTH_FACTOR_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_SMAD_PROTEIN_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, GOBP_RIBOSOME_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, HORIUCHI_WTAP_TARGETS_DN, TAATAAT_MIR126, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_ENDOCYTOSIS, GOBP_LYSOSOMAL_TRANSPORT, PAX4_01, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GOBP_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM_PROCESS, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOCC_VACUOLAR_MEMBRANE, NKX25_02

GO Biological Process (6): maturation of 5.8S rRNA (GO:0000460), DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006351), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), rRNA processing (GO:0006364), negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)

GO Molecular Function (5): DNA binding (GO:0003677), transcription corepressor activity (GO:0003714), RNA binding (GO:0003723), nuclear receptor binding (GO:0016922), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): nuclear exosome (RNase complex) (GO:0000176), exosome (RNase complex) (GO:0000178), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), transcription repressor complex (GO:0017053)

Reactome top-level categories

4 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism of RNA	2
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol	1
Affinity selection of immunoglobulins	1
rRNA processing	1

GO top-level categories

28 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
nuclear lumen	3
gene expression	2
nucleic acid binding	2
intracellular anatomical structure	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
rRNA processing	1
RNA biosynthetic process	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
RNA processing	1
rRNA metabolic process	1
ribosome biogenesis	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
transcription coregulator activity	1
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	1
binding	1
exosome (RNase complex)	1
nucleus	1
nuclear protein-containing complex	1
exoribonuclease complex	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
transcription regulator complex	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 4 of 18 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

4 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
maturation of 5.8S rRNA	BP	mutant phenotype
nucleolus	CC	direct assay
nucleoplasm	CC	direct assay
RNA binding	MF	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 1,552 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
C1D	EXOSC10	Q01780	847
C1D	MTREX	P42285	832
C1D	DIS3	Q9Y2L1	774
C1D	EXOSC1	Q9Y3B2	768
C1D	EXOSC5	Q9NQT4	767
C1D	EXOSC3	Q9NQT5	753
C1D	ZCCHC7	Q8N3Z6	751
C1D	EXOSC9	Q06265	735
C1D	EXOSC8	Q96B26	734
C1D	EXOSC7	Q15024	727
C1D	EXOSC4	Q9NPD3	712
C1D	UTP3	Q9NQZ2	709
C1D	EXOSC6	Q5RKV6	706
C1D	CFAP221	Q4G0U5	701
C1D	EXOSC2	Q13868	693

IntAct

Human interaction partners of C1D in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

18 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
EXOSC10	physical association	0.730	5
SH3GLB1	physical association	0.720	6
ZFC3H1	association	0.640	3
HTT	physical association	0.560	6
CASP6	physical association	0.560	3
GSC2	physical association	0.560	3
HIP1	physical association	0.560	3
IL23R	physical association	0.560	3
LAMP2	physical association	0.560	3
RAN	physical association	0.560	3
SUOX	physical association	0.560	3
WFS1	physical association	0.560	3
ZGPAT	physical association	0.560	3
H2BC12L	physical association	0.400	1
RPL12	physical association	0.400	1
E6	physical association	0.370	1
PCBD2	physical association	0.370	1
PRPH	association	0.350	1

BioGRID (105 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): EXOSC5 (Affinity Capture-MS; 5 records), EXOSC1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 4 records), EXOSC10 (Affinity Capture-MS; 4 records), PRKDC (Two-hybrid; 4 records), EXOSC2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), EXOSC3 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), EXOSC7 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), EXOSC8 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), EXOSC9 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), MPHOSPH6 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), RBM7 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), DIS3 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), EXOSC4 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), EXOSC6 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), NCOR1 (Reconstituted Complex; 2 records)

SIGNOR signaling

1 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
C1D	“up-regulates activity”	NR1D1	binding

Protein complexes (CORUM) (1)

Experimentally-characterized complexes this protein is a subunit of (★ = the complex contains a known drug target).

1 complexes by size:

Complex	Subunits	Members
C1D homodimer	1	C1D

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for C1D: 941 ClinVar records (7 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 60 GWAS associations. Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

941 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	5
Likely pathogenic	2
Uncertain significance	546
Likely benign	196
Benign	83

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (7)

Showing all 7 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification	Review	Submitters
1321297	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.4966+1G>T	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
4917361	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.10346-2A>T	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
132834	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.3734A>G (p.Lys1245Arg)	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	2
2691743	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.5347C>T (p.Arg1783Trp)	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	1
2691744	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.6386C>A (p.Thr2129Lys)	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	1
2691745	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.670C>G (p.Pro224Ala)	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	1
2691746	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.2798-4C>A	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	1

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore C1D’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 48 predictions of 6,885):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
12:57138457–57138458	acceptor_loss	1.0000	6
12:57138582–57138583	donor_loss	1.0000	5
12:57141372–57141373	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
12:57141512–57141513	donor_loss	1.0000	4
12:57143674–57143676	acceptor_gain	1.0000	2
12:57143677–57143678	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
12:57143799–57143800	donor_loss	1.0000	5
12:57144970–57144971	acceptor_loss	1.0000	6
12:57145491–57145492	donor_loss	1.0000	4
12:57154477–57154478	acceptor_loss	1.0000	6

AlphaMissense

307 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 927 scored), across 83 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M94	9	0.898	0.980
H81	8	0.898	0.987
D56	8	0.876	0.951
W68	7	0.982	0.997
E86	7	0.967	0.993
F67	7	0.913	0.980
F117	7	0.883	0.991
N64	7	0.866	0.993
D110	7	0.813	0.862
E13	7	0.763	0.881
R89	6	0.957	0.995
R116	6	0.947	0.980
K84	6	0.944	0.991
P78	6	0.891	0.986
W123	6	0.845	0.927
F21	6	0.769	0.912
P11	6	0.764	0.848
G75	5	0.976	0.992
R91	5	0.974	0.988
Y61	5	0.969	0.992

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

5 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	2.28e-06
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.000257
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.000404
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (validation)	favorable	0.000598
Ovary Serous Cystadenocarcinoma (validation)	unfavorable	0.000723

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606997 | disease phenotypes: MIM:209700, MIM:620690

GenCC curated gene-disease

5 curated gene-disease records:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance	Records
developmental dysplasia of the hip 3	Moderate	Autosomal dominant	2
keratosis pilaris atrophicans	Moderate	Autosomal recessive	2
keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
atrophoderma vermiculata	Supportive	Autosomal recessive
schizophrenia	Limited	Unknown

Mondo (6): atrophoderma vermiculata (MONDO:0008849), keratosis pilaris (MONDO:0021036), developmental dysplasia of the hip 3 (MONDO:0958037), schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090), keratosis pilaris atrophicans (MONDO:0018855), keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (MONDO:0000136)

Orphanet (2): Ulerythema ophryogenesis (Orphanet:3406), Atrophoderma vermiculata (Orphanet:79100)

HPO phenotypes

43 phenotypes (HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000290	Abnormal forehead morphology
HP:0000306	Abnormality of the chin
HP:0000464	Abnormality of the neck
HP:0000498	Blepharitis
HP:0000504	Abnormality of vision
HP:0000509	Conjunctivitis
HP:0000561	Absent eyelashes
HP:0000613	Photophobia
HP:0000653	Sparse eyelashes
HP:0000708	Atypical behavior
HP:0000982	Palmoplantar keratoderma
HP:0000989	Pruritus
HP:0001041	Facial erythema
HP:0001047	Atopic dermatitis
HP:0001067	Neurofibroma
HP:0001075	Atrophic scars
HP:0001131	Corneal dystrophy
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001374	Congenital hip dislocation
HP:0002287	Progressive alopecia
HP:0003274	Hypoplastic acetabulae
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0004426	Abnormal cheek morphology
HP:0004552	Scarring alopecia of scalp
HP:0007502	Follicular hyperkeratosis
HP:0007515	Hypoplastic pilosebaceous units
HP:0008404	Nail dystrophy
HP:0009926	Epiphora
HP:0010783	Erythema
HP:0011124	Abnormal epidermal morphology
HP:0012531	Pain
HP:0012722	Heart block
HP:0025084	Folliculitis
HP:0025249	Comedo
HP:0031285	Abnormal perifollicular morphology
HP:0032152	Keratosis pilaris
HP:0045059	Hyperkeratotic papule
HP:0045075	Sparse eyebrow
HP:0100276	Skin pit
HP:0100277	Periauricular skin pits
HP:0200034	Papule

GWAS associations

showing 30 of 60 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010002_69	Refractive error	6e-174
GCST005042_4	Restless legs syndrome	1e-58
GCST003720_1	Migraine	6e-49
GCST005337_1	Headache	5e-47
GCST003986_1	Migraine	6e-36
GCST009798_35	Asthma	3e-29
GCST008916_32	Asthma	1e-27
GCST007431_136	Lung function (FEV1/FVC)	7e-21
GCST002081_59	Migraine	4e-19
GCST90000025_289	Appendicular lean mass	5e-17
GCST007995_40	Asthma (childhood onset)	7e-17
GCST003721_7	Migraine without aura	4e-16
GCST007938_4	Medication use (anilides)	9e-16
GCST002216_29	Triglycerides	9e-14
GCST004232_9	HDL cholesterol levels	1e-13
GCST004237_44	Triglyceride levels	1e-13
GCST010722_3	Spontaneous coronary artery dissection	1e-13
GCST002223_21	HDL cholesterol	2e-13
GCST004861_90	Itch intensity from mosquito bite	3e-13
GCST007939_8	Medication use (antimigraine preparations)	3e-13
GCST002539_88	Schizophrenia	2e-12
GCST003983_23	Male-pattern baldness	6e-12
GCST006803_21	Schizophrenia	3e-11
GCST002078_9	Migraine without aura	1e-10
GCST003987_20	Asthma	1e-10
GCST007430_95	Peak expiratory flow	3e-10
GCST000758_12	Triglycerides	4e-10
GCST004521_134	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	4e-10
GCST001312_1	Abdominal aortic aneurysm	5e-10
GCST005575_34	Moyamoya disease	8e-10

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

17 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0003892	pulmonary function measurement
EFO:0004713	FEV/FVC ratio
EFO:0006944	systolic blood pressure change measurement
EFO:0008377	mosquito bite reaction itch intensity measurement
EFO:0006953	family history of lung cancer
EFO:0005763	pulse pressure measurement
EFO:0009718	peak expiratory flow
EFO:0009938	Anilide use measurement
EFO:0009939	Antimigraine preparation use measurement
EFO:1002011	adult onset asthma
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0004462	PR interval
EFO:0010820	spontaneous coronary artery dissection
EFO:0008343	sex interaction measurement
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

MeSH disease descriptors

1 disease descriptors:

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C537412	Burnett Schwartz Berberian syndrome *(supp.)*

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

PharmGKB variant annotations

Per-publication pharmacogenomic findings for this gene (significant associations).

2 published findings:

Variant	Drug(s)	Category	Finding	PMID
rs1800139	warfarin	Dosage	Genotype TT is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotypes CC + CT.	PMID:33094665
rs1800154	warfarin	Dosage	Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotypes CT + TT.	PMID:33094665

CTD chemical–gene interactions

25 total (human), top 25 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, decreases expression, affects expression	2
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
zinc chromate	increases abundance, increases expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	increases abundance, increases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
4-chloro-N-((4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)methyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide	increases expression	1
thifluzamide	increases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
MT19c compound	increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	decreases methylation	1
Antimycin A	increases expression	1
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Bilirubin	decreases expression	1
Cadmium	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Gold	decreases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Piroxicam	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1LR	Abcam HeLa C1D KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 600 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00000374	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treatment for First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00001656	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Clozapine vs Olanzapine in Childhood-Onset Psychotic Disorders
NCT00007774	Phase 4	COMPLETED	To Determine if Olanzapine is More Cost Effective Than Haloperidol for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00014001	Phase 4	COMPLETED	CATIE- Schizophrenia Trial
NCT00018668	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia
NCT00034801	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Depression in Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00034905	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Seroquel vs. Risperidone in Schizophrenia
NCT00036088	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus An Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00044187	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Assessment of a Weight-Gain Agent for the Treatment of Olanzapine-Associated Anti-Obesity Agent in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00044655	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Switching Medication to Treat Schizophrenia
NCT00048828	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treating Drug-Resistant Childhood Schizophrenia
NCT00053703	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS)
NCT00056498	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Who Are Currently Taking Clozapine
NCT00061802	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Two Atypical Antipsychotics vs. Placebo in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Either Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00080327	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Three Doses of Aripiprazole in Patients With Acute Schizophrenia
NCT00088049	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Olanzapine vs. Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00090012	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Continuing Olanzapine to Switching to Quetiapine in Overweight or Obese Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00100776	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of High Dose Olanzapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00103571	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00108368	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine on Thinking
NCT00114595	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Tardive Dyskinesia
NCT00130923	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Long-acting Versus Oral Risperidone in Patients With Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorder
NCT00137020	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Clinical Effect Of Cross Titration Of Antipsychotics With Ziprasidone In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00140166	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia With Vitamin Therapy
NCT00145847	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Abuse in Schizophrenia
NCT00148564	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Energy Homeostasis Under Treatment With Atypical Antipsychotics
NCT00156715	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia and a Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
NCT00158223	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Pimozide in Augmenting the Effects of Clozapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00159081	Phase 4	COMPLETED	One Year Drug Treatment in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159120	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment vs. Stepwise Drug Discontinuation in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159133	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Prodrome-Based Early Intervention With Antipsychotics vs. Benzodiazepines in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159757	Phase 4	TERMINATED	12 Week Open, Non-Comparative Switch Study Of Oral Ziprazidone In Previously Treated Schizophrenic Patients
NCT00167817	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effect of Switch to Aripiprazole on Health and Smoking Parameters in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
NCT00169026	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Alcoholism and Schizophrenia: Effects of Clozapine
NCT00169039	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Chlorpromazine for Treatment-Unresponsive Schizophrenia
NCT00169065	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Clozapine Versus Olanzapine for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
NCT00169091	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Haloperidol for Treating the First Episode of Schizophrenia
NCT00176423	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Galantamine for Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia
NCT00176436	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine for Treatment of Weight Gain in Olanzapine or Clozapine Patients
NCT00177008	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Schizophrenia With Co-Morbid Social Anxiety
NCT00177580	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Improving Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder by Supplementing Medications With Pravastatin
NCT00182442	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Cognition, Functioning and Quality of Life
NCT00182494	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Diabetes Prevention Program in Schizophrenia [DPPS]
NCT00183625	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Supported Employment and Skills Training in Conjunction With Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia Patients
NCT00186771	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
NCT00190749	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Safety Study of Olanzapine and a Comparator in Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00191555	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Switching Stabilized Schizophrenic Patients From Conventional to Atypical Antipsychotic Treatment
NCT00194025	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Valproate in Late Life Schizophrenia
NCT00199940	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Safety And Efficacy Study Of Ziprasidone In Pediatric Psychotic Illness
NCT00202306	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Indicated Prevention of Psychotic Disorders With Low-dose Lithium
NCT00203788	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Improving Work Outcome in People With Recent-onset Schizophrenia
NCT00204061	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Early Pharmacological and Psychological Intervention for Late Prodromal States of Psychosis
NCT00205660	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Changes in Adiposity, Metabolic Measures From Atypicals to Aripiprazole
NCT00206102	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Cataractogenic Potential of Seroquel and Risperdal in the Treatment of Participants With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00208143	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Seroquel Therapy for Substance Use Disorders Comorbid With Schizophrenia
NCT00208169	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Abilify Therapy for Reducing Comorbid Substance Abuse
NCT00214578	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Seroquel on Glucose Metabolism
NCT00215579	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Determining the Effects of Risperdal Consta in Patients With Psychotic Disorders and Incomplete Adherence
NCT00216528	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate Symptomatic Remission in Schizophrenia With Long Acting Risperidone Microspheres
NCT00216632	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Treatment Success in Changing From Olanzapine to Long-acting Injectable Risperidone (RISPERDAL® CONSTA™)