CA13

Summary

CA13 (carbonic anhydrase 13, HGNC:14914) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8q21.2, encoding Carbonic anhydrase 13 (Q8N1Q1). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Predicted to enable carbonate dehydratase activity. Predicted to be located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle and myelin sheath. Predicted to be active in cytosol.

Source: NCBI Gene 377677 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 49 total
• Druggable target: yes — 26 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_198584

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14914
Approved symbol	CA13
Name	carbonic anhydrase 13
Location	8q21.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CAXIII, FLJ37995, MGC59868
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000185015
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611436
Entrez	377677

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000321764, ENST00000517298, ENST00000517831, ENST00000518392, ENST00000522631

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_198584 NM_198584

CCDS: CCDS6236

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000321764 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001262816	85281230	85284073
ENSE00001262826	85245458	85245865
ENSE00003476011	85268472	85268627
ENSE00003492504	85250740	85250937
ENSE00003589183	85259421	85259539
ENSE00003593544	85267902	85267964
ENSE00003656212	85266608	85266703

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 239 present calls, max score 97.56.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 7.3835 / max 142.4954, expressed in 1544 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
89607	2.6258	892
89610	2.1496	912
89603	0.9763	532
89606	0.7154	372
89605	0.4442	166
89608	0.2907	101
89604	0.1101	50
89609	0.0716	42

Top tissues by expression

250 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	97.56	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	96.83	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	95.38	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	95.14	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	91.58	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	90.38	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	90.22	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	90.14	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	90.09	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	89.82	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	89.61	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	87.96	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	87.46	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	87.28	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	85.21	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	84.74	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	84.14	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	83.66	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	83.26	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	83.18	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	81.98	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	81.85	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	81.15	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	81.11	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	80.68	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	80.10	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	79.57	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	79.57	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	79.26	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	79.25	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.24

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

118 targeting CA13, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-6740-5P	100.00	65.64	932
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-6870-5P	99.99	68.55	2115
HSA-MIR-6077	99.99	68.04	2299
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-4723-5P	99.97	68.70	2034
HSA-MIR-5698	99.97	68.49	2029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P	99.97	68.48	2062
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-548AA	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-218-5P	99.93	72.22	2103
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P	99.91	71.53	4384

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• a unique and widespread distribution pattern for CA XIII compared with the other cytosolic CA isozymes. May play important physiological roles in several organs (PMID:14600151)
• cytosolic CA I, II, and XIII are downregulated in neoplastic colorectal mucosa compared to normal colorectal mucosa (PMID:15836783)
• Cytosolic carbonic anhydrase XIII may have a role in maintaining the acid-base balance in the kidney and the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. [review] (PMID:18336313)
• investigation of residues modulating the catalytic features of one of the least investigated cytosolic isoform, hCA XIII; results showed that residues assisting the formation of an ordered solvent network within the catalytic site as well as those forming a histidine cluster on the protein surface are important to guarantee an efficient proton transfer (PMID:31431090)
• Carbonic anhydrase 13 suppresses bone metastasis in breast cancer. (PMID:33588197)

Cross-species orthologs

18 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cahz	ENSDARG00000011166
danio_rerio	ca2	ENSDARG00000014488
mus_musculus	Car13	ENSMUSG00000027555
rattus_norvegicus	Car13	ENSRNOG00000021323
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH13	FBGN0033542
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH14	FBGN0034554
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH15	FBGN0034560
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH7	FBGN0037788
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH8	FBGN0038956
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH4	FBGN0039235
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH9	FBGN0039486
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH6	FBGN0039838
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH16	FBGN0040628
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH5	FBGN0040629
drosophila_melanogaster	CARPB	FBGN0052698
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000279
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000283
caenorhabditis_elegans	cah-6	WBGENE00000284

Paralogs (14): CA11 (ENSG00000063180), CA12 (ENSG00000074410), CA2 (ENSG00000104267), CA9 (ENSG00000107159), CA14 (ENSG00000118298), CA6 (ENSG00000131686), CA1 (ENSG00000133742), CA10 (ENSG00000154975), CA3 (ENSG00000164879), CA4 (ENSG00000167434), CA7 (ENSG00000168748), CA5B (ENSG00000169239), CA5A (ENSG00000174990), CA8 (ENSG00000178538)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Carbonic anhydrase 13 — Q8N1Q1 (reviewed: Q8N1Q1)

Alternative names: Carbonate dehydratase XIII, Carbonic anhydrase XIII

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8N1Q1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in thymus, small intestine, spleen, prostate, ovary, colon and testis.

Activity regulation. Inhibited by acetazolamide.

Similarity. Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_940986* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001148	CA_dom	Domain
IPR018338	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class_CS	Conserved_site
IPR023561	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class	Family
IPR036398	CA_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00194

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• hydrogencarbonate + H(+) = CO2 + H2O (RHEA:10748)

UniProt features (36 total): strand 15, helix 10, binding site 4, turn 3, chain 1, domain 1, active site 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

18 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5OGJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.06
4KNN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.4
5OHH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.42
5LLA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.5
5E2N	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.53
3D0N	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.55
4QIZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.55
5LLN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.6
4QJP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.62
4QSJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
6G5U	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
9FPV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
4KNM	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
9FPW	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
4HU1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
4QJX	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
3CZV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
3DA2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8N1Q1-F1	96.74	0.97

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 65 (proton donor/acceptor)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 95; 97; 120; 200–201

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1475029	Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 147 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_UP, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_BCELL_UP, GOMF_CARBONATE_DEHYDRATASE_ACTIVITY, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_BREAST_4_5WK_DN, WANG_RESPONSE_TO_BEXAROTENE_UP, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, GOMF_HYDRO_LYASE_ACTIVITY, MARTINEZ_RB1_AND_TP53_TARGETS_UP, POS_RESPONSE_TO_HISTAMINE_UP, GAUSSMANN_MLL_AF4_FUSION_TARGETS_D_UP, GEORGES_TARGETS_OF_MIR192_AND_MIR215, YATGNWAAT_OCT_C, KIM_MYCN_AMPLIFICATION_TARGETS_UP

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (5): carbonate dehydratase activity (GO:0004089), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), protein binding (GO:0005515), lyase activity (GO:0016829), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), myelin sheath (GO:0043209)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
hydro-lyase activity	1
transition metal ion binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

937 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CA13	CYP24A1	Q07973	848
CA13	ALB	P02768	576
CA13	TG	P01266	535
CA13	RNASE1	P07998	531
CA13	FTH1	P02794	501
CA13	ATRN	O75882	448
CA13	SLC4A4	Q9Y6R1	375
CA13	PHF24	Q9UPV7	374
CA13	TMEM59	Q9BXS4	370
CA13	DGKD	Q16760	353
CA13	UMOD	P07911	353
CA13	MAST2	Q6P0Q8	353
CA13	STK40	Q8N2I9	353
CA13	CABIN1	Q9Y6J0	353
CA13	BLNK	Q8WV28	348

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CA13	CRACR2B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRTC3	CA13	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CA13	CRACR2B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
CA13	CRTC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (7): CA13 (Two-hybrid), CA13 (Two-hybrid), CA13 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CA13 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA13 (Co-fractionation), CA13 (Co-fractionation), CA13 (Protein-peptide)

ESM2 similar proteins: B0BNN3, O76206, P00441, P00445, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P00922, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P13634, P14141, P16015, P27139, P28755, P35217, P43166, P48282, P48284, P60052, P82205, P83299, Q0IIW3, Q1LZA1, Q27504, Q3SZX4, Q42961, Q5S1S4, Q6C662, Q7M316, Q7M317, Q8HXQ0, Q8HXQ1, Q8HXQ2

Diamond homologs: A0A7H0DN92, A0JN41, B0BNN3, O57211, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P04195, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P0DSY1, P0DSY2, P13634, P14141, P16015, P20508, P23470, P23471, P23589, P27139, P35217, P35218, P43165, P43166, P48282, P48283, P61215, P83299, Q05909, Q1LZA1, Q3SZX4, Q5R4U0, Q5S1S4, Q66HG6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

49 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	32
Likely benign	2
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1262 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:85250722:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85250730:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85250731:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85250732:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85250733:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85250737:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85250737:AAGGT:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85250738:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85250739:G:GC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85259419:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85259420:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85259420:GTTCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85261281:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85261281:ACAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85261283:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85261284:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85266594:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85266605:CAGCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85266606:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85266606:AGCT:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85266607:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85266607:GCTC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85266607:GCTCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85266700:ACAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85266701:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85266702:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85266703:GGTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85266704:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85266705:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85267892:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1722 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:85268586:T:A	W210R	0.986
8:85268586:T:C	W210R	0.986
8:85266680:G:C	A143P	0.983
8:85266609:T:C	L119P	0.982
8:85250753:G:C	W17C	0.981
8:85250753:G:T	W17C	0.981
8:85281299:C:A	R247S	0.981
8:85250803:T:C	I34T	0.980
8:85266656:G:C	A135P	0.980
8:85266681:C:A	A143D	0.980
8:85281323:C:A	R255S	0.980
8:85268535:T:A	W193R	0.978
8:85268535:T:C	W193R	0.978
8:85268550:T:C	S198P	0.977
8:85250908:T:A	V69D	0.976
8:85259477:T:A	W98R	0.976
8:85259477:T:C	W98R	0.976
8:85250803:T:G	I34S	0.975
8:85250888:C:A	N62K	0.975
8:85250888:C:G	N62K	0.975
8:85259505:A:T	E107V	0.974
8:85259539:G:C	E118D	0.974
8:85259539:G:T	E118D	0.974
8:85250751:T:A	W17R	0.973
8:85250751:T:C	W17R	0.973
8:85259474:C:G	H97D	0.973
8:85268548:G:A	G197D	0.973
8:85259534:G:C	A117P	0.972
8:85281324:G:C	R255P	0.972
8:85259509:C:A	H108Q	0.971

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000033976 (8:85244770 A>G), RS1000041156 (8:85257293 T>G), RS1000104442 (8:85259348 G>A,T), RS1000141425 (8:85250023 C>G,T), RS1000142024 (8:85277598 T>G), RS1000149123 (8:85274714 G>C,T), RS1000203349 (8:85274538 T>C), RS1000421999 (8:85278892 CATCTGTA>C), RS1000534456 (8:85275748 A>G), RS1000629537 (8:85267811 TA>T,TAA), RS1000657932 (8:85255324 G>A), RS1000730439 (8:85256951 C>T), RS1000794197 (8:85271577 G>A,T), RS1000884345 (8:85248913 TAGA>T), RS1000903433 (8:85275861 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611436 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002040_1	Blood trace element (Zn levels)	6.000000e-12
GCST006585_2472	Blood protein levels	4.000000e-07

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL2095180 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL3912 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

26 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 671,587 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL19	METHAZOLAMIDE	4	65
CHEMBL20	ACETAZOLAMIDE	4	28,768
CHEMBL750	ZONISAMIDE	4	16,649
CHEMBL118	CELECOXIB	4	112,844
CHEMBL1200471	PYRITHIONE ZINC	4	24,834
CHEMBL1286	LEVETIRACETAM	4	13,997
CHEMBL17	DICHLORPHENAMIDE	4	9,022
CHEMBL18	ETHOXZOLAMIDE	4	3,042
CHEMBL21	SULFANILAMIDE	4	153,075
CHEMBL2105581	VERALIPRIDE	4	1,165
CHEMBL218490	DORZOLAMIDE	4	10,216
CHEMBL220491	BRINZOLAMIDE	4	8,355
CHEMBL220492	TOPIRAMATE	4	35,160
CHEMBL325041	BORTEZOMIB	4	13,120
CHEMBL406	INDAPAMIDE	4	16,097
CHEMBL58323	LACOSAMIDE	4	5,692
CHEMBL865	VALDECOXIB	4	41,681
CHEMBL902	FAMOTIDINE	4	66,828
CHEMBL926	DOBUTAMINE	4	17,095
CHEMBL140	CURCUMIN	3	93,882
CHEMBL165	RESVERATROL	3
CHEMBL508338	THIMEROSAL	3
CHEMBL251680	COUMAPHOS	2
CHEMBL4297315	PCI-27483	2
CHEMBL6246	ELLAGIC ACID	2
CHEMBL69759	SONEPIPRAZOLE	2

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Carbonic anhydrases

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
acetazolamide	Inhibition	7.77	pKi

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

44 measured of 58 human assays (61 total across all organisms); most potent 44 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
2-Chloro-4-{[2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}-benzenesulfonamide (2j)	KD	1.67 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2f)	KD	2.86 nM
4-[(2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2g)	KD	3.33 nM
4-{[2-(Methylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (1j)	KD	3.57 nM
4-[(2-Isopropyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1h)	KD	4 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2e)	KD	4.76 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-isopropyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2h)	KD	5 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2b)	KD	5.88 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-isobutyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2i)	KD	6.67 nM
4-[(2-Propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1f)	KD	7.14 nM
4-{[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (1c)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2d)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1e)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Isobutyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1i)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1b)	KD	10 nM
2-Chloro-4-{[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (2c)	KD	10 nM
4-[(2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1g)	KD	11.1 nM
4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylacetyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2a)	KD	12 nM
4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylacetyl)benzenesulfonamide (1a)	KD	33 nM
3-[(2-Isobutyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3i)	KD	125 nM
4-[(2-Benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1d)	KD	143 nM
Topiramate, 3	KI	250 nM
3-[(2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3g)	KD	667 nM
Investigational agent, 5	KI	810 nM
Investigational agent, 4	KI	850 nM
3-[(2-Propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3f)	KD	1000 nM
3-{[2-(Methylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (3j)	KD	1670 nM
3-[(2-Benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3d)	KD	2500 nM
3-[(2-Isopropyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3h)	KD	2500 nM
2-Chloro-5-[(2-isobutyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	KD	3330 nM
3-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylacetyl)benzenesulfonamide (3a)	KD	4350 nM
2-Chloro-5-[(2-isopropyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	KD	4540 nM
3-[(2-Ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3e)	KD	4760 nM
3-{[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (3c)	KD	5000 nM
2-Chloro-5-{[2-(methylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide	KD	5000 nM
2-Chloro-5-[(2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	KD	7140 nM
2-Chloro-5-{[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide	KD	7140 nM
5-[(2-Benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	KD	8330 nM
3-[(2-Methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3b)	KD	9090 nM
4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide	KD	10000 nM
2-Chloro-5-[(2-propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	KD	10000 nM
5-[(2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	KD	10000 nM
2-Chloro-5-[(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	KD	10000 nM
5-(1H-Benzimidazol-1-ylacetyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	KD	11100 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

749 potent at pChembl≥5 of 766 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
10.96	Kd	0.011	nM	CHEMBL4461481
10.80	Kd	0.016	nM	CHEMBL4473602
10.80	Kd	0.016	nM	CHEMBL4464359
10.72	Kd	0.019	nM	CHEMBL4539340
10.42	Kd	0.038	nM	CHEMBL4463683
10.30	Kd	0.05	nM	CHEMBL2333416
10.24	Kd	0.058	nM	CHEMBL2010994
10.24	Kd	0.057	nM	CHEMBL4441730
10.20	Kd	0.063	nM	CHEMBL4555622
10.15	Kd	0.07	nM	CHEMBL4578934
10.12	Kd	0.076	nM	CHEMBL4475315
10.05	Kd	0.09	nM	CHEMBL4466140
10.00	Kd	0.1	nM	CHEMBL4515586
9.96	Kd	0.11	nM	CHEMBL4457904
9.92	Kd	0.12	nM	CHEMBL4543024
9.89	Kd	0.13	nM	CHEMBL4456851
9.85	Kd	0.14	nM	CHEMBL4553790
9.85	Kd	0.14	nM	CHEMBL4468834
9.82	Kd	0.15	nM	CHEMBL4577993
9.82	Kd	0.15	nM	CHEMBL4586089
9.77	Kd	0.17	nM	CHEMBL2443188
9.72	Kd	0.19	nM	CHEMBL3798446
9.70	Kd	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4517728
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4552380
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4460315
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4434661
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL282157
9.66	Kd	0.22	nM	CHEMBL2333406
9.66	Kd	0.22	nM	CHEMBL4555586
9.64	Kd	0.23	nM	CHEMBL4168966
9.64	Kd	0.23	nM	CHEMBL4458989
9.64	Kd	0.23	nM	CHEMBL4573916
9.64	Kd	0.23	nM	CHEMBL4451500
9.64	Kd	0.23	nM	CHEMBL4539233
9.60	Kd	0.25	nM	CHEMBL2333411
9.60	Kd	0.25	nM	CHEMBL4452277
9.60	Kd	0.25	nM	CHEMBL4569008
9.59	Kd	0.26	nM	CHEMBL4450545
9.55	Kd	0.28	nM	CHEMBL4446052
9.54	Kd	0.29	nM	CHEMBL4444784
9.54	Kd	0.29	nM	CHEMBL4456084
9.52	Kd	0.3	nM	CHEMBL4441652
9.52	Kd	0.3	nM	CHEMBL4558457
9.52	Kd	0.3	nM	CHEMBL4450456
9.52	Ki	0.3	nM	P-CHLOROBENZENESULFONAMIDE
9.48	Kd	0.33	nM	CHEMBL4160627
9.48	Kd	0.33	nM	CHEMBL4441818
9.47	Kd	0.34	nM	CHEMBL4450306
9.47	Kd	0.34	nM	CHEMBL4454599
9.40	Kd	0.4	nM	CHEMBL2333407

PubChem BioAssay actives

798 with measured affinity, of 1111 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-N-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
1-[[1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylthiourea	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
methyl 1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
3-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-[2-oxo-4-(4-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
4-[2-[(4-tert-butyl-6-oxo-1H-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	1469006: Binding affinity to human N-terminal full length His-tagged CA13 (1 to 262 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic thermodynamic equilibrium constant at pH 7 by SPR assay	kd	0.0001	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-N-[(E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
3-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-[2-oxo-4-(2-sulfanylidene-3H-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-(4-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
1-(2-bromophenyl)-5-oxo-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-N-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
1-[[1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylthiourea	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)benzenesulfonamide	1469006: Binding affinity to human N-terminal full length His-tagged CA13 (1 to 262 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic thermodynamic equilibrium constant at pH 7 by SPR assay	kd	0.0001	uM
4-bromo-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361391: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 (1 to 262 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
4-[2-(benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	1469006: Binding affinity to human N-terminal full length His-tagged CA13 (1 to 262 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic thermodynamic equilibrium constant at pH 7 by SPR assay	kd	0.0002	uM
4-[1-[(2R)-1-(3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]triazol-4-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
3-chloro-4-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2,6-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
4-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylanilino)-3-(4-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)butanoic acid	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
(2R)-3-phenyl-2-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazol-1-yl]-N-(2-thiophen-3-ylethyl)propanamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
1-(2,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-N-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-N-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide	50173: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase	ki	0.0002	uM
(2R)-N-benzyl-3-methyl-2-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazol-1-yl]butanamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)benzenesulfonamide	732709: Binding affinity to human recombinant CA13 at 37 degC and pH 7.0 by thermal shift assay	kd	0.0002	uM
2-chloro-4-(2-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanylacetyl)benzenesulfonamide	1469006: Binding affinity to human N-terminal full length His-tagged CA13 (1 to 262 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic thermodynamic equilibrium constant at pH 7 by SPR assay	kd	0.0002	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
4-chloro-2-(cyclooctylamino)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1361391: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 (1 to 262 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
methyl 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfonyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-1-(2,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
2,6-dimethyl-4-[2-oxo-4-(4-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1515324: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA13 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	50173: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase	ki	0.0003	uM
4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenesulfonamide	732709: Binding affinity to human recombinant CA13 at 37 degC and pH 7.0 by thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520089: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 13 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0004	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

39 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	8
Cyclosporine	increases expression	4
entinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, decreases expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases methylation	1
oryzalin	affects binding, decreases activity	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression	1
mercuric bromide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
2,2’,4,4’,5-brominated diphenyl ether	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Acetazolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation, increases methylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Folic Acid	decreases expression	1
Gold	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

96 unique, capped per target: 93 binding, 3 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3386760	Binding	Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	Substituted thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes and related congeners: Synthesis, β-glucuronidase inhibition activity, crystal structure, and POM analyses. — Bioorg Med Chem
CHEMBL4187341	ADMET	Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His-tagged carbonic anhydrase 13 (1 to 262 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	Benzimidazole design, synthesis, and docking to build selective carbonic anhydrase VA inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.