CA14

Summary

CA14 (carbonic anhydrase 14, HGNC:1372) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q21.2, encoding Carbonic anhydrase 14 (Q9ULX7). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA XIV is predicted to be a type I membrane protein and shares highest sequence similarity with the other transmembrane CA isoform, CA XII; however, they have different patterns of tissue-specific expression and thus may play different physiologic roles.

Source: NCBI Gene 23632 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 14
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 78 total
• Druggable target: yes — 49 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_012113

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1372
Approved symbol	CA14
Name	carbonic anhydrase 14
Location	1q21.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000118298
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604832
Entrez	23632

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 10 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000369111, ENST00000483993, ENST00000582010, ENST00000607082, ENST00000607652, ENST00000647854, ENST00000888801, ENST00000935316, ENST00000935319, ENST00000957139, ENST00000957140, ENST00000957141, ENST00000957142

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_012113 NM_012113

CCDS: CCDS947

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000369111 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000797119	150263299	150263419
ENSE00000797120	150263659	150263679
ENSE00000797121	150263794	150263878
ENSE00001448828	150264593	150265078
ENSE00003485265	150262158	150262300
ENSE00003496248	150262525	150262620
ENSE00003506609	150261459	150261638
ENSE00003549738	150263042	150263199
ENSE00003603270	150262804	150262870
ENSE00003697162	150257774	150258183
ENSE00003699845	150260151	150260171

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 201 present calls, max score 97.67.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.0573 / max 225.1410, expressed in 345 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
5085	1.7990	280
5083	1.2048	292
5079	0.8934	209
5084	0.8116	244
5081	0.4717	213
5080	0.4144	167
5082	0.2710	166
5076	0.1407	92
201722	0.0507	27

Top tissues by expression

281 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	97.67	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	93.16	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	91.09	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	86.73	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	86.33	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	84.43	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	84.36	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	83.10	silver quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	82.98	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	82.24	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	82.02	silver quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	81.92	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	81.48	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	81.23	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	81.05	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	80.94	silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	80.81	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	80.54	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	80.29	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	79.87	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	79.48	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	79.41	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	79.15	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	79.15	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	78.68	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	78.65	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	78.52	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	78.45	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	78.32	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	78.30	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-93593	yes	13.22
E-CURD-10	no	36.97
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

27 targeting CA14, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-548AZ-5P	99.83	69.94	3230
HSA-MIR-548T-5P	99.83	69.91	3220
HSA-MIR-4306	99.72	70.50	3630
HSA-MIR-3059-5P	99.70	69.93	2491
HSA-MIR-516A-3P	99.46	67.96	1378
HSA-MIR-516B-3P	99.46	67.96	1378
HSA-MIR-7162-5P	99.46	68.08	1368
HSA-MIR-20A-3P	99.44	69.10	1575
HSA-MIR-185-5P	99.35	68.60	2497
HSA-MIR-7515	99.31	68.22	1795
HSA-MIR-670-3P	99.03	68.88	2404
HSA-MIR-155-3P	99.03	67.99	924
HSA-MIR-3188	98.58	65.60	878
HSA-MIR-5572	98.55	65.84	970
HSA-MIR-2117	98.48	67.97	1307
HSA-MIR-9903	98.47	66.70	748
HSA-MIR-6801-3P	98.04	64.64	805
HSA-MIR-6810-3P	97.96	64.57	1023
HSA-MIR-219B-5P	97.91	65.80	531
HSA-MIR-7111-3P	97.80	66.75	1467
HSA-MIR-4723-3P	97.67	65.91	1017
HSA-MIR-6769B-3P	97.41	65.53	1036
HSA-MIR-3183	97.40	65.68	978
HSA-MIR-6895-5P	97.05	64.96	522
HSA-MIR-6508-3P	96.73	65.48	576
HSA-MIR-3059-3P	96.71	67.08	606

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• No mutation was found in the coding regions and intron-exon boundaries of the genes for CA II, CA IV, CA XIV, kNCB1, NHE3, NHE8, NHRF1, NHRF2 and SLC26A6 amplified from genomic DNA of family members with pRTA. (PMID:17881426)
• Results indicate that some derivatives showed potent hCA IX and hCA XIV inhibitory effects at nanomolar concentrations as well as low affinity for the ubiquitous hCA II. (PMID:20170095)
• Data indicate that carbonic anhydrase isoform XIV (hCA XIV) shows high sequence identity with the other membrane-associated carbonic anhydrases (hCAs). (PMID:24374484)

Cross-species orthologs

12 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ca14	ENSDARG00000061697
mus_musculus	Car14	ENSMUSG00000038526
rattus_norvegicus	Car14	ENSRNOG00000023162
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH13	FBGN0033542
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH14	FBGN0034554
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH15	FBGN0034560
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH7	FBGN0037788
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH4	FBGN0039235
drosophila_melanogaster	CARPB	FBGN0052698
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000279
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000283
caenorhabditis_elegans	cah-6	WBGENE00000284

Paralogs (14): CA11 (ENSG00000063180), CA12 (ENSG00000074410), CA2 (ENSG00000104267), CA9 (ENSG00000107159), CA6 (ENSG00000131686), CA1 (ENSG00000133742), CA10 (ENSG00000154975), CA3 (ENSG00000164879), CA4 (ENSG00000167434), CA7 (ENSG00000168748), CA5B (ENSG00000169239), CA5A (ENSG00000174990), CA8 (ENSG00000178538), CA13 (ENSG00000185015)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Carbonic anhydrase 14 — Q9ULX7 (reviewed: Q9ULX7)

Alternative names: Carbonate dehydratase XIV, Carbonic anhydrase XIV

All UniProt accessions (4): Q9ULX7, A8K3J4, U3KPU6, U3KQH0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. High expression in all parts of the central nervous system and lower expression in adult liver, heart, small intestine, colon, kidney, urinary bladder and skeletal muscle.

Activity regulation. Activated by histamine, L-adrenaline, L- and D-histidine, and L- and D-phenylalanine. Inhibited by coumarins, saccharin, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide (AZA) and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt).

Similarity. Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_036245* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001148	CA_dom	Domain
IPR023561	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class	Family
IPR036398	CA_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00194

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 4.2.1.1 — carbonic anhydrase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 196 substrates, 2137 inhibitors, 263 Km, 291 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

9 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 9. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
CO2	0.012–4700	194
4-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	0.0024–30.53	16
H2CO3	0.434–112.7	16
HCO3-	9.3–37	4
P-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	3.86–6.8	4
4-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE	0.935–2.195	2
COS	1.86	1
HISTAMINE	7.9	1
CS2	—	0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• hydrogencarbonate + H(+) = CO2 + H2O (RHEA:10748)

UniProt features (41 total): strand 16, helix 9, binding site 4, topological domain 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, glycosylation site 1, disulfide bond 1, sequence conflict 1, turn 1, transmembrane region 1, domain 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5CJF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.83
4LU3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9ULX7-F1	91.11	0.81

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 84 (proton donor/acceptor)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 217–218; 109; 111; 135

Post-translational modifications (1): 325

Disulfide bonds (1): 40–221

Glycosylation sites (1): 213

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1475029	Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 91 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, FXR_IR1_Q6, GOMF_CARBONATE_DEHYDRATASE_ACTIVITY, MAZ_Q6, GGAMTNNNNNTCCY_UNKNOWN, USF_C, CCANNAGRKGGC_UNKNOWN, MYCMAX_01, ICHIBA_GRAFT_VERSUS_HOST_DISEASE_35D_DN, ZIC1_01, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_48HR_UP, IK2_01, USF_02, LEF1_Q6, GOMF_HYDRO_LYASE_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (4): carbonate dehydratase activity (GO:0004089), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), lyase activity (GO:0016829), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (4): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), basolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016323), apical plasma membrane (GO:0016324)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
plasma membrane region	2
hydro-lyase activity	1
transition metal ion binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
basal plasma membrane	1
apical part of cell	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1320 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CA14	CYP24A1	Q07973	841
CA14	ALB	P02768	561
CA14	SLC4A4	Q9Y6R1	547
CA14	SLC4A2	P04920	536
CA14	TG	P01266	525
CA14	RNASE1	P07998	514
CA14	FTH1	P02794	504
CA14	SLC4A7	Q9Y6M7	498
CA14	PKD2L1	Q9P0L9	497
CA14	ATRN	O75882	447
CA14	SLC4A8	Q2Y0W8	442
CA14	SLC4A3	P48751	421
CA14	MN1	Q10571	416
CA14	SLC9A1	P19634	399
CA14	SLC39A6	Q13433	378

IntAct

5 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CA14	EXOC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CA14	ZNF273	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CA14	DNM1L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CA14	ORC4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (134): EIF2B5 (Affinity Capture-MS), THADA (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF2B4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATR (Affinity Capture-MS), NUP160 (Affinity Capture-MS), TNPO2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC22A18 (Affinity Capture-MS), FANCD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RANBP6 (Affinity Capture-MS), PEX19 (Affinity Capture-MS), SAAL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), KIAA1524 (Affinity Capture-MS), HEATR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), COG2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4FV98, A6NKP2, A6QLY2, O18735, O43488, O75382, O75648, O77485, O77486, O88676, P04626, P23764, P25325, P34059, P52848, Q02353, Q0VD18, Q10836, Q10981, Q10982, Q28113, Q32KH5, Q32KJ6, Q3U129, Q3UHN9, Q4R766, Q571E4, Q5I0D5, Q5RB73, Q5RJL2, Q6AYT7, Q6P988, Q7RTV5, Q7Z4H8, Q8CIW5, Q8K093, Q8N2K0, Q8WNQ7, Q96AZ1, Q96SL4

Diamond homologs: A0A7H0DN92, B0BNN3, B8V7P3, B9EKR1, F4JIK2, O43570, O52535, O52538, O57211, O70354, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P00922, P04195, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P08060, P0DSY1, P0DSY2, P13634, P14141, P16015, P18761, P18915, P20507, P20508, P22748, P23280, P23471, P23589, P24258, P27139, P28651

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

78 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	58
Likely benign	4
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1926 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:150260232:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
1:150262523:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:150262524:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:150263297:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:150263298:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:150263473:GAAC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:150257277:A:G	donor_gain	0.9900
1:150260252:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
1:150260310:T:G	donor_gain	0.9900
1:150260310:T:TG	donor_gain	0.9900
1:150260388:T:G	donor_gain	0.9900
1:150262156:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:150262157:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:150262520:TTTAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:150262521:TTAGC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:150262522:TAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:150262523:A:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:150262617:TGAGG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
1:150262619:AGGTC:A	donor_loss	0.9900
1:150262621:G:T	donor_loss	0.9900
1:150262622:T:G	donor_loss	0.9900
1:150262802:AGGTG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:150262803:GGTGG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:150263040:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:150263041:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:150263294:CTCA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:150263296:CA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:150263297:AG:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:150263297:AGCT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:150263297:AGCTG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

2178 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:150263158:T:A	W227R	0.994
1:150263158:T:C	W227R	0.994
1:150263142:C:G	C221W	0.993
1:150263160:G:C	W227C	0.992
1:150263160:G:T	W227C	0.992
1:150261481:G:C	W33C	0.991
1:150261481:G:T	W33C	0.991
1:150263141:G:A	C221Y	0.990
1:150261522:C:A	P47H	0.988
1:150263111:G:C	R211P	0.988
1:150263140:T:A	C221S	0.988
1:150263141:G:C	C221S	0.988
1:150262232:C:G	H111D	0.987
1:150262526:T:C	L134P	0.987
1:150263122:T:C	S215P	0.987
1:150261500:T:A	C40S	0.984
1:150261501:G:C	C40S	0.984
1:150262237:G:C	W112C	0.984
1:150262237:G:T	W112C	0.984
1:150263140:T:C	C221R	0.984
1:150262224:T:C	L108P	0.983
1:150260161:G:C	W22C	0.982
1:150260161:G:T	W22C	0.982
1:150261479:T:A	W33R	0.982
1:150261479:T:C	W33R	0.982
1:150263141:G:T	C221F	0.982
1:150263120:G:A	G214D	0.981
1:150263120:G:T	G214V	0.981
1:150261502:T:G	C40W	0.979
1:150261625:C:A	N81K	0.979

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000706090 (1:150259575 G>A), RS1003159906 (1:150256889 C>A,T), RS1003435907 (1:150257145 C>T), RS1004595135 (1:150259991 T>A), RS1005606054 (1:150258302 G>A), RS1005679508 (1:150258670 C>T), RS1005881610 (1:150265102 T>C), RS1006730884 (1:150264190 T>A), RS1006863112 (1:150257588 C>G), RS1007060932 (1:150257931 A>G), RS1007382745 (1:150264436 C>G), RS1007830168 (1:150256105 T>C), RS1007939345 (1:150263081 T>C,G), RS1008065586 (1:150256405 C>A), RS1009021861 (1:150261773 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604832 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

14 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002539_32	Schizophrenia	4.000000e-10
GCST003429_42	Morning vs. evening chronotype	2.000000e-10
GCST006803_67	Schizophrenia	7.000000e-10
GCST007565_190	Morning person	8.000000e-26
GCST008103_32	Bipolar disorder	5.000000e-08
GCST010002_366	Refractive error	3.000000e-15
GCST010696_11	Cortical thickness (min-P)	2.000000e-23
GCST010697_17	Cortical surface area (min-P)	9.000000e-09
GCST010698_23	Subcortical volume (min-P)	2.000000e-08
GCST010699_48	Brain morphology (min-P)	3.000000e-08
GCST010700_28	Cortical thickness (MOSTest)	8.000000e-38
GCST010701_113	Cortical surface area (MOSTest)	9.000000e-12
GCST010702_126	Subcortical volume (MOSTest)	4.000000e-09
GCST010703_244	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	9.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008328	chronotype measurement
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0004840	cortical thickness

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL2095180 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL3510 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

49 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 2,753,619 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL19	METHAZOLAMIDE	4	65
CHEMBL20	ACETAZOLAMIDE	4	28,768
CHEMBL750	ZONISAMIDE	4	16,649
CHEMBL1054	TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE	4	11,619
CHEMBL1055	CHLORTHALIDONE	4	20,442
CHEMBL112	ACETAMINOPHEN	4	157,242
CHEMBL118	CELECOXIB	4	112,844
CHEMBL1200471	PYRITHIONE ZINC	4	24,834
CHEMBL1286	LEVETIRACETAM	4	13,997
CHEMBL14060	PHENOL	4	1,871,332
CHEMBL17	DICHLORPHENAMIDE	4	9,022
CHEMBL18	ETHOXZOLAMIDE	4	3,042
CHEMBL21	SULFANILAMIDE	4	153,075
CHEMBL2105581	VERALIPRIDE	4	1,165
CHEMBL218490	DORZOLAMIDE	4	10,216
CHEMBL220491	BRINZOLAMIDE	4	8,355
CHEMBL220492	TOPIRAMATE	4	35,160
CHEMBL255863	NILOTINIB	4	38,627
CHEMBL325041	BORTEZOMIB	4	13,120
CHEMBL35	FUROSEMIDE	4	224,045
CHEMBL406	INDAPAMIDE	4
CHEMBL419	MAFENIDE	4
CHEMBL424	SALICYLIC ACID	4
CHEMBL4303669	ZOLEDRONIC ACID	4
CHEMBL537	HYDROQUINONE	4
CHEMBL58323	LACOSAMIDE	4
CHEMBL609	TRIENTINE	4
CHEMBL6466	COUMARIN	4
CHEMBL865	VALDECOXIB	4
CHEMBL902	FAMOTIDINE	4

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Carbonic anhydrases

Most potent curated ligand interactions (6 total), top 6:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
dorzolamide	Inhibition	7.82	pKi
acetazolamide	Inhibition	7.6	pKi
ethoxzolamide	Inhibition	7.6	pKi
methazolamide	Inhibition	7.57	pKi
chlorthalidone	Inhibition	5.38	pKi
brinzolamide	Inhibition	4.15	pKi

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

31 measured of 40 human assays (60 total across all organisms); most potent 31 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	EC50	0.0469 nM
(4S)-4-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-1,1-dioxo-2H,3H,4H-1,7,2-thieno[3,2-e][1,2]thiazine-6-sulfonamide	KI	3 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 1	KI	3.7 nM
CHEMBL3754723	KI	8 nM
2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	107 nM
3-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	110 nM
Topiramate, 3	KI	250 nM
6-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydrocyclohepta[c]chromen-3-yl sulfamate	IC50	300 nM
JFD00715	KI	328 nM
trichloromethiazide, 6	KI	345 nM
bis-sulfamate, 3	KI	378 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 2	KI	530 nM
3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	621 nM
Investigational agent, 5	KI	810 nM
Investigational agent, 4	KI	850 nM
bis-sulfamate, 4	KI	890 nM
BMCL182567 Compound 6b	KI	2840 nM
amino-N-{[(1R,2S,6S,9R)-4,4,11,11-tetramethyl-3,5,7,10,12-pentaoxatricyclo[7.3.0.0^{2,6}]dodecan-6-yl]methyl}sulfonamide	KI	3450 nM
[2-(cycloheptylmethyl)-1,1-dioxo–benzothiophen-6-yl] sulfamate	KI	3600 nM
salicylic acid	KI	9900 nM
4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide	KD	10000 nM
phenol	KI	10200 nM
3,5-difluorophenol	KI	38800 nM
Dorzolamide, DZA	KI	50000 nM
7-chloro-2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline-6-sulfonamide	KI	54000 nM
4-chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	IC50	125000 nM
4-cyanophenol	KI	131000 nM
2,5-difluorophenol	KI	134000 nM
4-aminophenol	KI	159000 nM
benzene-1,3-diol	KI	795000 nM
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene, XI	KI	4e+06 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

1043 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1074 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4170371
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4543024
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4456851
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4553519
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4475073
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4466140
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4470832
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4572161
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4562296
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4539233
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4437818
10.92	Kd	0.012	nM	CHEMBL4170792
10.85	Kd	0.014	nM	CHEMBL4474251
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4578934
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4475496
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4574321
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4436290
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4468834
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4565560
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4583164
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4450306
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4592616
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4565224
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4444201
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4465972
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4551069
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4451503
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4468310
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4515586
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4517317
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4576689
10.46	Kd	0.035	nM	CHEMBL4163518
10.43	Kd	0.037	nM	CHEMBL4474833
10.41	Kd	0.039	nM	CHEMBL4444784
10.40	Kd	0.04	nM	CHEMBL4459385
10.40	Kd	0.04	nM	CHEMBL4584546
10.33	Kd	0.047	nM	CHEMBL4165543
10.30	Kd	0.05	nM	CHEMBL4446249
10.30	Kd	0.05	nM	CHEMBL4593681
10.30	Kd	0.05	nM	CHEMBL4573963
10.30	Kd	0.05	nM	CHEMBL4566236
10.29	Kd	0.051	nM	CHEMBL4162451
10.23	Kd	0.059	nM	CHEMBL4439909
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4218335
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4443095
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4579465
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4514121
10.19	Kd	0.064	nM	CHEMBL4593434
10.17	Kd	0.068	nM	CHEMBL4439634
10.15	Kd	0.071	nM	CHEMBL4465027

PubChem BioAssay actives

1086 with measured affinity, of 1514 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
3-[(4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]propyl acetate	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-(cyclohexylamino)-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361392: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
methyl 4-[(2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoate	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzylamino)-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361392: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361392: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-(cyclooctylamino)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361392: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-bromo-N-butyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361392: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-N-benzyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-N-cyclohexyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361392: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361392: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-bromo-N-butyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
methyl 4-[(4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoate	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-[(4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoic acid	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-N-cyclohexyl-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1373187: Binding affinity to recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-1-(2,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515325: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6x-tagged human CA14 (20 to 280 residues) catalytic domain expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
3-chloro-4-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2,6-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide	1515325: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6x-tagged human CA14 (20 to 280 residues) catalytic domain expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515325: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6x-tagged human CA14 (20 to 280 residues) catalytic domain expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
methyl 4-[(4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoate	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515325: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6x-tagged human CA14 (20 to 280 residues) catalytic domain expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515325: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6x-tagged human CA14 (20 to 280 residues) catalytic domain expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1520090: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 14 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression	8
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
kojic acid	increases expression	1
oryzalin	affects binding, decreases activity	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
cylindrospermopsin	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
obeticholic acid	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-(1,4)benzoquinone	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Acetazolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Amphotericin B	increases expression	1
Cadmium	decreases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression, increases expression	1
Fluorouracil	affects reaction, decreases expression	1
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
Thimerosal	decreases expression	1
Zinc	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
S-Nitrosoglutathione	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

129 unique, capped per target: 127 binding, 2 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3386760	Binding	Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	Substituted thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes and related congeners: Synthesis, β-glucuronidase inhibition activity, crystal structure, and POM analyses. — Bioorg Med Chem
CHEMBL4187342	ADMET	Binding affinity to recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged carbonic anhydrase 14 (20 to 280 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	Benzimidazole design, synthesis, and docking to build selective carbonic anhydrase VA inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.