CA3

Summary

CA3 (carbonic anhydrase 3, HGNC:1374) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8q21.2, encoding Carbonic anhydrase 3 (P07451). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is a member of a multigene family (at least six separate genes are known) that encodes carbonic anhydrase isozymes. These carbonic anhydrases are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and are differentially expressed in a number of cell types. The expression of the CA3 gene is strictly tissue specific and present at high levels in skeletal muscle and much lower levels in cardiac and smooth muscle. A proportion of carriers of Duchenne muscle dystrophy have a higher CA3 level than normal. The gene spans 10.3 kb and contains seven exons and six introns.

Source: NCBI Gene 761 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 25 total
• Druggable target: yes — 34 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005181

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1374
Approved symbol	CA3
Name	carbonic anhydrase 3
Location	8q21.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	Car3, CAIII
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000164879
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	114750
Entrez	761

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 4 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000285381, ENST00000520921, ENST00000522207, ENST00000967721, ENST00000967722

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_005181 NM_005181

CCDS: CCDS6238

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000285381 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001018977	85444034	85444126
ENSE00001018985	85448034	85449040
ENSE00001018987	85442073	85442191
ENSE00001018988	85446142	85446297
ENSE00001018993	85445156	85445218
ENSE00001725111	85438859	85438943
ENSE00003507901	85439712	85439909

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 216 present calls, max score 99.89.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 11.0631 / max 2928.8440, expressed in 244 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
89613	11.0631	244

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	99.89	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	99.83	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	99.69	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	99.64	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	99.59	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	99.55	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	99.40	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	99.35	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	99.34	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	99.31	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	99.24	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	98.59	gold quality
skeletal muscle organ	UBERON:0014892	98.59	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	98.33	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	98.23	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	98.18	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	96.40	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	95.46	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	93.52	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	90.13	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	86.33	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	86.09	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	85.70	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	85.69	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	82.62	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	82.11	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	81.92	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	81.74	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	80.65	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	78.65	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AHR, AR, MECOM

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

59 targeting CA3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-3185	99.99	68.12	1959
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-7978	99.86	66.90	856
HSA-MIR-3663-3P	99.84	70.39	798
HSA-MIR-5010-3P	99.83	70.60	2357
HSA-MIR-4307	99.82	70.45	3374
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-8084	99.73	69.57	1760
HSA-MIR-1200	99.71	70.42	1838
HSA-MIR-518A-5P	99.70	69.01	2209
HSA-MIR-527	99.70	69.01	2209
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-378A-5P	99.65	66.33	1311
HSA-MIR-6512-3P	99.65	66.07	1468
HSA-MIR-6720-5P	99.65	66.22	1459
HSA-MIR-6073	99.60	70.36	793
HSA-MIR-510-3P	99.54	70.06	2965
HSA-MIR-7159-5P	99.53	72.12	2472
HSA-MIR-6833-5P	99.50	68.93	1161
HSA-MIR-3140-5P	99.39	69.04	1136
HSA-MIR-3911	99.38	66.95	1087
HSA-MIR-6505-3P	99.34	67.39	1071

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 16)

• Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human carbonic anhydrase III (PMID:11976500)
• Data show that inserting histidine residues into the active site cavity of carbonic anhydrase II or III results in rates of proton transfer to the zinc-bound hydroxide that are antagonistic or suppressive with respect to the corresponding single mutants. (PMID:12171926)
• Proton transfer within the active-site cavity of carbonic anhydrase III (PMID:12484342)
• myoglobin/carbonic anhydrase III ratio in the blood proved to be a more specific indicator for myocardial damage than myoglobin alone after myocardial infarction. (PMID:12745799)
• CAIII expression is upregulated in kidney cortex samples from the end-stage kidney of a patient with Dent’s disease owing to the G506E mutation of CLCN5 (PMID:18322545)
• CAIII promotes transformation and invasion capability in hepatoma cells through FAK signaling pathway. (PMID:18444244)
• The level of CAIII is specifically insufficient in the skeletal muscle of myasthenia gravis patients. (PMID:19301202)
• The carbonic anhydrase CA3 isoform displayed an increased abundance during muscle aging, which was independently verified by immunoblotting of differently aged human skeletal muscle samples. (PMID:22797148)
• The generation of CA III and IV autoantibodies, antioxidant enzymes, and cytokines might influence each other. (PMID:23049597)
• Report that anti-CAIII antibodies may be useful for diagnosing microscopic polyangiitis. (PMID:23981757)
• this study detected the formation and colocalization of 6-nitrotryptophan-containing proteins and CAIII in the skin of atopic dermatitis patients, not only in the lesional part but also in the nonlesional part, through histochemical analyses (PMID:24838180)
• CAIII and Hsp70 expressions were higher in LPRD patients that in non-LPRD patients, suggesting the possibility as one of biomomarker in LPRD diagnosis. (PMID:26847302)
• these data clearly suggests that CAIII serves as an important antioxidant critical in protecting NP cells against oxidative stress-induced injury. (PMID:29559661)
• Carbonic Anhydrase III Promotes Cell Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (PMID:32183030)
• Carbonic anhydrase III is a new target of HIF1alpha in prostate cancer model. (PMID:32777521)
• Carbonic anhydrase 2 and 3 as risk biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy associated heart failure. (PMID:35016406)

Cross-species orthologs

18 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cahz	ENSDARG00000011166
danio_rerio	ca2	ENSDARG00000014488
mus_musculus	Car3	ENSMUSG00000027559
rattus_norvegicus	Car3	ENSRNOG00000010079
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH13	FBGN0033542
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH14	FBGN0034554
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH15	FBGN0034560
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH7	FBGN0037788
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH8	FBGN0038956
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH4	FBGN0039235
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH9	FBGN0039486
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH6	FBGN0039838
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH16	FBGN0040628
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH5	FBGN0040629
drosophila_melanogaster	CARPB	FBGN0052698
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000279
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000283
caenorhabditis_elegans	cah-6	WBGENE00000284

Paralogs (14): CA11 (ENSG00000063180), CA12 (ENSG00000074410), CA2 (ENSG00000104267), CA9 (ENSG00000107159), CA14 (ENSG00000118298), CA6 (ENSG00000131686), CA1 (ENSG00000133742), CA10 (ENSG00000154975), CA4 (ENSG00000167434), CA7 (ENSG00000168748), CA5B (ENSG00000169239), CA5A (ENSG00000174990), CA8 (ENSG00000178538), CA13 (ENSG00000185015)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Carbonic anhydrase 3 — P07451 (reviewed: P07451)

Alternative names: Carbonate dehydratase III, Carbonic anhydrase III

All UniProt accessions (3): E5RHI4, P07451, V9HWA3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Muscle specific.

Post-translational modifications. S-thiolated both by thiol-disulfide exchange with glutathione disulfide and by oxyradical-initiated S-thiolation with reduced glutathione. S-glutathionylated in hepatocytes under oxidative stress.

Activity regulation. Activated by proton donors such as imidazole and the dipeptide histidylhistidine. Inhibited by coumarins and sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide.

Similarity. Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_005172* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001148	CA_dom	Domain
IPR018338	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class_CS	Conserved_site
IPR023561	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class	Family
IPR036398	CA_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00194

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 4.2.1.1 — carbonic anhydrase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 196 substrates, 2137 inhibitors, 263 Km, 291 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

9 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 9. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
CO2	0.012–4700	194
4-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	0.0024–30.53	16
H2CO3	0.434–112.7	16
HCO3-	9.3–37	4
P-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	3.86–6.8	4
4-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE	0.935–2.195	2
COS	1.86	1
HISTAMINE	7.9	1
CS2	—	0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• hydrogencarbonate + H(+) = CO2 + H2O (RHEA:10748)

UniProt features (55 total): strand 17, modified residue 14, helix 10, binding site 4, mutagenesis site 3, turn 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, domain 1, sequence variant 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3UYQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
1Z93	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
1Z97	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
2HFW	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
3UYN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P07451-F1	97.99	0.99

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 94; 96; 119; 198–199

Post-translational modifications (14): 43, 48, 50, 55, 73, 127, 129, 176, 182, 187, 216, 219, 2, 29

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (3):

Position	Phenotype
64	enhanced proton transfer in catalysis.
67	enhanced proton transfer in catalysis.
197	enhanced activity by at least 10-fold.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1475029	Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 196 (showing top): TGGTGCT_MIR29A_MIR29B_MIR29C, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ETHANOL, GOBP_HEPATICOBILIARY_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOMF_CARBONATE_DEHYDRATASE_ACTIVITY, YAO_HOXA10_TARGETS_VIA_PROGESTERONE_UP, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_REACTIVE_OXYGEN_SPECIES_METABOLIC_PROCESS, HUMMERICH_MALIGNANT_SKIN_TUMOR_DN, DARWICHE_SKIN_TUMOR_PROMOTER_UP, GOBP_REGENERATION, DARWICHE_PAPILLOMA_RISK_LOW_UP, DARWICHE_PAPILLOMA_RISK_HIGH_DN, GOBP_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISMAL_MOVEMENT, DARWICHE_SQUAMOUS_CELL_CARCINOMA_DN, RIZKI_TUMOR_INVASIVENESS_3D_DN

GO Biological Process (14): skeletal muscle contraction (GO:0003009), response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), response to bacterium (GO:0009617), cellular response to insulin stimulus (GO:0032869), response to lipid (GO:0033993), cellular response to leptin stimulus (GO:0044320), response to ethanol (GO:0045471), cellular response to hypoxia (GO:0071456), liver regeneration (GO:0097421), negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process (GO:1903427), negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide (GO:1903751), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), response to alcohol (GO:0097305)

GO Molecular Function (7): carbonate dehydratase activity (GO:0004089), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), nickel cation binding (GO:0016151), phosphatase activity (GO:0016791), protein binding (GO:0005515), lyase activity (GO:0016829), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (4): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), sarcomere (GO:0030017)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
transition metal ion binding	2
striated muscle contraction	1
musculoskeletal movement	1
response to stress	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
response to other organism	1
response to insulin	1
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus	1
response to chemical	1
cellular response to hormone stimulus	1
response to leptin	1
response to alcohol	1
response to hypoxia	1
cellular response to stress	1
cellular response to decreased oxygen levels	1
liver development	1
animal organ regeneration	1
negative regulation of biosynthetic process	1
reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	1
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	1
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	1
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide	1
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death	1
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	1
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide	1
apoptotic process	1
regulation of apoptotic process	1
negative regulation of programmed cell death	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
hydro-lyase activity	1
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1284 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CA3	CA4	P22748	822
CA3	CYP24A1	Q07973	779
CA3	SLC2A5	P22732	764
CA3	ENO1	P06733	656
CA3	ALB	P02768	590
CA3	MB	P02144	586
CA3	SPARC	P09486	494
CA3	TG	P01266	492
CA3	FTH1	P02794	482
CA3	RNASE1	P07998	468
CA3	CASP8	Q14790	455
CA3	ENO3	P13929	439
CA3	CALM1	P02593	433
CA3	CKM	P06732	431
CA3	SLC4A4	Q9Y6R1	416

IntAct

10 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CA3	LXN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CA3	HPCAL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
HSD17B10	SSB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMEM120A	CA3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
MECOM	ATP2A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LXN	CA3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
CA3	HPCAL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (9): CA3 (Two-hybrid), CA3 (Two-hybrid), CA3 (Two-hybrid), CA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA3 (Affinity Capture-Luminescence)

ESM2 similar proteins: B0BNN3, O76206, P00441, P00445, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P00922, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P13634, P14141, P16015, P27139, P28755, P35217, P43166, P48282, P48284, P60052, P82205, P83299, Q0IIW3, Q1LZA1, Q27504, Q3SZX4, Q42961, Q5S1S4, Q6C662, Q7M316, Q7M317, Q8HXQ0, Q8HXQ1, Q8HXQ2

Diamond homologs: A0A7H0DN92, A0JN41, B0BNN3, O57211, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P04195, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P0DSY1, P0DSY2, P13634, P14141, P16015, P20508, P23470, P23471, P23589, P27139, P35217, P35218, P43165, P43166, P48282, P48283, P61215, P83299, Q05909, Q1LZA1, Q3SZX4, Q5R4U0, Q5S1S4, Q66HG6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

25 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	20
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

850 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:85438941:ACGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85438942:CGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85438944:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85438945:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:85439709:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85439710:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85439710:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85439711:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85439711:G:GT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85439866:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85439866:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85439905:GTCAA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85439906:TC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85439910:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85442071:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85442072:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85443593:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85443597:T:G	donor_gain	1.0000
8:85444024:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85444024:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85444024:ATG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85444025:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85444025:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85444025:T:TA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85444026:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85444029:TTCAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85444030:TCAGC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85444031:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:85444032:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:85444032:AG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1716 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:85439723:T:A	W16R	0.992
8:85439723:T:C	W16R	0.992
8:85439725:G:C	W16C	0.992
8:85439725:G:T	W16C	0.992
8:85442129:T:A	W97R	0.992
8:85442129:T:C	W97R	0.992
8:85439766:C:A	P30H	0.991
8:85446256:T:A	W208R	0.991
8:85446256:T:C	W208R	0.991
8:85442126:C:G	H96D	0.989
8:85438922:T:A	W5R	0.988
8:85438922:T:C	W5R	0.988
8:85438924:G:C	W5C	0.988
8:85438924:G:T	W5C	0.988
8:85442157:A:T	E106V	0.988
8:85442158:G:C	E106D	0.988
8:85442158:G:T	E106D	0.988
8:85448145:T:C	F259L	0.988
8:85448147:C:A	F259L	0.988
8:85448147:C:G	F259L	0.988
8:85442131:G:C	W97C	0.987
8:85442131:G:T	W97C	0.987
8:85446217:G:C	G195R	0.987
8:85448129:G:C	R253S	0.987
8:85448129:G:T	R253S	0.987
8:85439865:G:T	G63V	0.986
8:85442186:G:C	A116P	0.986
8:85444035:T:C	L118P	0.985
8:85448104:G:C	R245P	0.985
8:85439769:T:A	V31D	0.984

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000139317 (8:85448617 C>A,T), RS1000184320 (8:85440520 C>A,T), RS1000346313 (8:85441299 A>G), RS1000411101 (8:85448048 G>A,C), RS1000590530 (8:85439200 A>G), RS1000706967 (8:85442927 T>C,G), RS1000744616 (8:85446588 G>T), RS1000818472 (8:85446794 C>G), RS1000919432 (8:85438829 A>C,G), RS1001161152 (8:85438455 T>A,C), RS1001275624 (8:85438198 C>G,T), RS1002349080 (8:85444968 A>C), RS1002489418 (8:85445342 A>G), RS1002712201 (8:85446239 G>A), RS1002769042 (8:85443052 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:114750 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002040_1	Blood trace element (Zn levels)	6.000000e-12
GCST004605_42	Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration	4.000000e-09
GCST006585_2776	Blood protein levels	2.000000e-08
GCST008059_149	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	1.000000e-11
GCST90002387_323	Immature fraction of reticulocytes	6.000000e-19

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004528	mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL2095180 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL2885 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

34 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 3,052,761 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL19	METHAZOLAMIDE	4	65
CHEMBL20	ACETAZOLAMIDE	4	28,768
CHEMBL750	ZONISAMIDE	4	16,649
CHEMBL1055	CHLORTHALIDONE	4	20,442
CHEMBL112	ACETAMINOPHEN	4	157,242
CHEMBL118	CELECOXIB	4	112,844
CHEMBL1200471	PYRITHIONE ZINC	4	24,834
CHEMBL1286	LEVETIRACETAM	4	13,997
CHEMBL14060	PHENOL	4	1,871,332
CHEMBL18	ETHOXZOLAMIDE	4	3,042
CHEMBL218490	DORZOLAMIDE	4	10,216
CHEMBL255863	NILOTINIB	4	38,627
CHEMBL26	SULPIRIDE	4	58,543
CHEMBL325041	BORTEZOMIB	4	13,120
CHEMBL406	INDAPAMIDE	4	16,097
CHEMBL537	HYDROQUINONE	4	296,240
CHEMBL58323	LACOSAMIDE	4	5,692
CHEMBL609	TRIENTINE	4	120,457
CHEMBL6466	COUMARIN	4	202,873
CHEMBL865	VALDECOXIB	4	41,681
CHEMBL926	DOBUTAMINE	4
CHEMBL941	IMATINIB	4
CHEMBL140	CURCUMIN	3
CHEMBL145	CAFFEIC ACID	3
CHEMBL165	RESVERATROL	3
CHEMBL19612	SPERMIDINE	3
CHEMBL50	QUERCETIN	3
CHEMBL508338	THIMEROSAL	3
CHEMBL574	P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE	3
CHEMBL251680	COUMAPHOS	2

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

27 measured of 33 human assays (53 total across all organisms); most potent 27 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	EC50	0.0469 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 1	KI	3.7 nM
2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	107 nM
3-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	110 nM
Topiramate, 3	KI	250 nM
6-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydrocyclohepta[c]chromen-3-yl sulfamate	IC50	300 nM
JFD00715	KI	328 nM
trichloromethiazide, 6	KI	345 nM
bis-sulfamate, 3	KI	378 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 2	KI	530 nM
3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	621 nM
Investigational agent, 5	KI	810 nM
Investigational agent, 4	KI	850 nM
bis-sulfamate, 4	KI	890 nM
BMCL182567 Compound 6b	KI	2840 nM
[2-(cycloheptylmethyl)-1,1-dioxo–benzothiophen-6-yl] sulfamate	KI	3600 nM
salicylic acid	KI	9900 nM
4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide	KD	10000 nM
phenol	KI	10200 nM
3,5-difluorophenol	KI	38800 nM
7-chloro-2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline-6-sulfonamide	KI	54000 nM
4-chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	IC50	125000 nM
4-cyanophenol	KI	131000 nM
2,5-difluorophenol	KI	134000 nM
4-aminophenol	KI	159000 nM
benzene-1,3-diol	KI	795000 nM
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene, XI	KI	4e+06 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

254 potent at pChembl≥5 of 376 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4552380
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4460315
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4434661
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL282157
9.52	Ki	0.3	nM	P-CHLOROBENZENESULFONAMIDE
9.10	Ki	0.8	nM	ACETAZOLAMIDE
8.96	Ki	1.1	nM	METHAZOLAMIDE
8.51	Ki	3.1	nM	ACETAZOLAMIDE
8.17	Kd	6.7	nM	CHEMBL4562296
8.12	Kd	7.6	nM	CHEMBL4170792
8.12	Kd	7.5	nM	CHEMBL4165570
8.08	Kd	8.4	nM	CHEMBL120886
8.02	Kd	9.6	nM	CHEMBL4161701
8.00	Kd	10	nM	CHEMBL4442511
7.92	Kd	12	nM	CHEMBL4578934
7.89	Kd	13	nM	CHEMBL4437818
7.85	IC50	14	nM	CHEMBL65455
7.80	Kd	16	nM	CHEMBL4574321
7.77	Kd	17	nM	CHEMBL4165127
7.75	IC50	18	nM	CHEMBL423848
7.72	Kd	19	nM	CHEMBL4160627
7.70	IC50	20	nM	METHAZOLAMIDE
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL294799
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL65604
7.70	IC50	20	nM	ACETAZOLAMIDE
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL64055
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL293684
7.70	Kd	20	nM	CHEMBL4517317
7.66	Kd	22	nM	CHEMBL4521683
7.62	Kd	24	nM	CHEMBL4451500
7.62	Kd	24	nM	CHEMBL4466140
7.62	Kd	24	nM	CHEMBL4470832
7.57	Kd	27	nM	CHEMBL4160149
7.55	Kd	28	nM	CHEMBL4566236
7.54	Kd	29	nM	CHEMBL4577083
7.52	Kd	30	nM	CHEMBL4168966
7.52	Kd	30	nM	CHEMBL4160149
7.52	Kd	30	nM	CHEMBL4163518
7.52	Kd	30.3	nM	CHEMBL4176862
7.52	Kd	30	nM	CHEMBL4450545
7.51	Kd	31	nM	CHEMBL4172331
7.48	Kd	33	nM	CHEMBL2333417
7.48	Kd	33	nM	CHEMBL4452277
7.48	Kd	33	nM	CHEMBL4468834
7.43	IC50	37	nM	CHEMBL303108
7.43	Kd	37	nM	CHEMBL4166643
7.43	Kd	37	nM	CHEMBL4553519
7.42	Kd	38	nM	CHEMBL4170371
7.40	Kd	40	nM	CHEMBL4168997
7.38	Kd	42	nM	CHEMBL4583164

PubChem BioAssay actives

266 with measured affinity, of 975 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
4-[1-[(2R)-1-(3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]triazol-4-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
(2R)-3-phenyl-2-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazol-1-yl]-N-(2-thiophen-3-ylethyl)propanamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide	50173: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase	ki	0.0002	uM
(2R)-N-benzyl-3-methyl-2-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazol-1-yl]butanamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	50173: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase	ki	0.0003	uM
Acetazolamide	50175: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase (Non competitive)	ki	0.0008	uM
N-(3-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylidene)acetamide	311025: Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 3	ki	0.0011	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0067	uM
N-benzyl-2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0075	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0076	uM
2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0084	uM
4-chloro-2-(cyclooctylamino)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0096	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0100	uM
4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0120	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0130	uM
2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]thiadiazine-7-sulfonamide	50185: Evaluated for its activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) in anesthetized rabbits	ic50	0.0140	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0160	uM
2,4-dibromo-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0170	uM
6-(2-chloroethyl)-5,7-dioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-2-sulfonamide	50185: Evaluated for its activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) in anesthetized rabbits	ic50	0.0180	uM
4-chloro-2-(cyclooctylamino)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0190	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-N-benzyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0200	uM
2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(3-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylidene)acetamide	50185: Evaluated for its activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) in anesthetized rabbits	ic50	0.0200	uM
6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-2-sulfonamide	50185: Evaluated for its activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) in anesthetized rabbits	ic50	0.0200	uM
6-methyl-5,7-dioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-2-sulfonamide	50185: Evaluated for its activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) in anesthetized rabbits	ic50	0.0200	uM
5,7-dioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-2-sulfonamide	50185: Evaluated for its activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) in anesthetized rabbits	ic50	0.0200	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0220	uM
4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0240	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0240	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0240	uM
N-butyl-2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0270	uM
2-(benzenesulfinyl)-4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0280	uM
1-(2,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1515316: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6x-tagged human CA3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0290	uM
2-(benzylamino)-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0300	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0300	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0300	uM
N-benzyl-2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0303	uM
2,4-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0310	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0330	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1515316: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His6x-tagged human CA3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0330	uM
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(2-hydroxyethylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide	1170166: Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 3 at pH7 and 37 degC by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0330	uM
4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0370	uM
2,4-dibromo-N-butyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0370	uM
7-hydroxy-5-oxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide	50185: Evaluated for its activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) in anesthetized rabbits	ic50	0.0370	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0380	uM
2,4-dibromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0400	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0420	uM
2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0440	uM
N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide	50173: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase	ki	0.0440	uM
2,4-dichloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520081: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0460	uM
4-chloro-2-(cyclohexylamino)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361383: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0480	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

51 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	7
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, affects cotreatment, affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	5
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
Vorinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
sulfamidochrysoidine	affects binding, decreases activity	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
benzo(b)fluoranthene	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
decamethrin	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects expression	1
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
hydroquinone	decreases expression	1
4-aminophenylarsenoxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
dibenzo(a,l)pyrene	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
dorzolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
brinzolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
valdecoxib	affects binding, decreases activity	1
N-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
clothianidin	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
5-hydroxythalidomide	affects binding	1
Celecoxib	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Topiramate	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Arsenic Trioxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
Zonisamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Acetazolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Benzolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1

ChEMBL screening assays

119 unique, capped per target: 117 binding, 2 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3386760	Binding	Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	Substituted thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes and related congeners: Synthesis, β-glucuronidase inhibition activity, crystal structure, and POM analyses. — Bioorg Med Chem
CHEMBL4187333	ADMET	Binding affinity to recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged carbonic anhydrase 3 (4 to 260 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	Benzimidazole design, synthesis, and docking to build selective carbonic anhydrase VA inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.