CA5A

Summary

CA5A (carbonic anhydrase 5A, HGNC:1377) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q24.2, encoding Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial (P35218). Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate/HCO3. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 29.6% of cell lines).

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA VA is localized in the mitochondria and expressed primarily in the liver. It may play an important role in ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis. CA5A gene maps to chromosome 16q24.3 and an unprocessed pseudogene has been assigned to 16p12-p11.2.

Source: NCBI Gene 763 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency (Definitive, ClinGen)
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 245 total — 12 pathogenic, 5 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 30
• Druggable target: yes — 51 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 29.6% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001739

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1377
Approved symbol	CA5A
Name	carbonic anhydrase 5A
Location	16q24.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CA5, CAV, CAVA
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000174990
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	114761
Entrez	763

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 11 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000566402, ENST00000568801, ENST00000648022, ENST00000648177, ENST00000649158, ENST00000649794, ENST00000906205, ENST00000906206, ENST00000906207, ENST00000906208, ENST00000906209, ENST00000906210, ENST00000906211, ENST00000906212

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001739 NM_001367225, NM_001739

CCDS: CCDS10965, CCDS92202

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000649794 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001179710	87891799	87891954
ENSE00001241097	87902425	87902520
ENSE00001728114	87904786	87904904
ENSE00002310443	87901912	87901974
ENSE00003539458	87926748	87926945
ENSE00003835087	87936309	87936529
ENSE00003836191	87888013	87888272

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 87 present calls, max score 94.56.

Top tissues by expression

104 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	94.56	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	93.15	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	86.06	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	62.56	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	58.22	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	56.79	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	56.59	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	55.82	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	55.71	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	54.84	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	53.86	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	53.53	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	53.31	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	53.25	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	53.17	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	52.84	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	52.82	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	52.51	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	52.30	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	52.07	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	51.94	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	51.20	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	51.18	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	50.55	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	50.29	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	50.05	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	48.42	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	47.18	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	47.05	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	46.94	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.31

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

13 targeting CA5A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3667-3P	99.99	67.17	1636
HSA-MIR-23A-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23B-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23C	99.95	73.92	3192
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-6516-3P	99.65	68.57	1238
HSA-MIR-130A-5P	99.33	70.26	2623
HSA-MIR-4705	99.10	69.10	1091
HSA-MIR-6868-3P	98.63	69.64	2259
HSA-MIR-4277	98.34	67.17	1323
HSA-MIR-4289	98.26	66.90	810
HSA-MIR-12126	98.09	64.82	637
HSA-MIR-148B-5P	97.29	66.30	992

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 29.6% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• activators enhanced kcat, with no effect on KM, favoring the RDS in the catalytic cycle; the activation pattern of the two mitochondrial isoforms is very different from each other and as compared to those of the cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II. (PMID:17174092)
• CA5A alterations cause hyperammonemia in early childhood that result in mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency (PMID:24530203)
• In 10 of 96 patients, mutations in CA5A were identified on both alleles but none in CA5B. Exhibiting decreased enzyme activity or thermal stability, all CAVA mutations were proven to cause disease, whereas the three variants showed no relevant effect (PMID:26913920)
• Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA and VB: properties and roles in health and disease. (PMID:36464834)

Cross-species orthologs

17 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ca2	ENSDARG00000014488
mus_musculus	Car5a	ENSMUSG00000025317
rattus_norvegicus	Car5a	ENSRNOG00000019098
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH13	FBGN0033542
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH14	FBGN0034554
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH15	FBGN0034560
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH7	FBGN0037788
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH8	FBGN0038956
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH4	FBGN0039235
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH9	FBGN0039486
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH6	FBGN0039838
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH16	FBGN0040628
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH5	FBGN0040629
drosophila_melanogaster	CARPB	FBGN0052698
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000279
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000283
caenorhabditis_elegans	cah-6	WBGENE00000284

Paralogs (14): CA11 (ENSG00000063180), CA12 (ENSG00000074410), CA2 (ENSG00000104267), CA9 (ENSG00000107159), CA14 (ENSG00000118298), CA6 (ENSG00000131686), CA1 (ENSG00000133742), CA10 (ENSG00000154975), CA3 (ENSG00000164879), CA4 (ENSG00000167434), CA7 (ENSG00000168748), CA5B (ENSG00000169239), CA8 (ENSG00000178538), CA13 (ENSG00000185015)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial — P35218 (reviewed: P35218)

Alternative names: Carbonate dehydratase VA, Carbonic anhydrase VA

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A3B3IRX9, A0A3B3ITA6, A0A3B3ITU9, P35218

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate/HCO3. Mitochondria are impermeable to HCO3, and thus this intramitochondrial carbonic anhydrase is pivotal in providing HCO3 for multiple mitochondrial enzymes that catalyze the formation of essential metabolites of intermediary metabolism in the urea and Krebs cycles.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Disease relevance. Hyperammonemia due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency (CA5AD) [MIM:615751] An autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, clinically characterized by infantile hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Metabolic abnormalities include hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Activated by L- and D-histidine. Activated by L- and D-phenylalanine. Activated by L-adrenaline. Inhibited by coumarins, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt). Activated by histamine.

Similarity. Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001354154, NP_001730* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001148	CA_dom	Domain
IPR018338	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class_CS	Conserved_site
IPR023561	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class	Family
IPR036398	CA_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00194

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 4.2.1.1 — carbonic anhydrase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 196 substrates, 2137 inhibitors, 263 Km, 291 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

9 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 9. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
CO2	0.012–4700	194
4-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	0.0024–30.53	16
H2CO3	0.434–112.7	16
HCO3-	9.3–37	4
P-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	3.86–6.8	4
4-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE	0.935–2.195	2
COS	1.86	1
HISTAMINE	7.9	1
CS2	—	0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• hydrogencarbonate + H(+) = CO2 + H2O (RHEA:10748)

UniProt features (7 total): binding site 3, transit peptide 1, chain 1, domain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P35218-F1	84.38	0.76

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 130; 132; 155

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1475029	Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 0 (showing top):

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (4): carbonate dehydratase activity (GO:0004089), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), lyase activity (GO:0016829), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
hydro-lyase activity	1
transition metal ion binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
mitochondrion	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1154 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CA5A	CYP24A1	Q07973	841
CA5A	ALB	P02768	576
CA5A	KRT35	Q92764	549
CA5A	TG	P01266	523
CA5A	RNASE1	P07998	513
CA5A	FTH1	P02794	492
CA5A	CD2	P06729	490
CA5A	NAGS	Q8N159	478
CA5A	CD5	P06127	453
CA5A	CD4	P01730	449
CA5A	ATRN	O75882	436
CA5A	HTATIP2	Q9BUP3	420
CA5A	PC	P11498	415
CA5A	KSR1	Q8IVT5	370
CA5A	UMOD	P07911	353

IntAct

3 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CA5A	PITRM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
CA5A	PMPCA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (8): CA5A (Affinity Capture-Western), LMNA (Affinity Capture-Western), TUBB3 (Affinity Capture-Western), PMPCA (Affinity Capture-MS), SIRT3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA5A (Affinity Capture-MS), PITRM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CA5A (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A7MCT6, D3ZAW2, O75808, P07450, P07451, P14141, P16015, P19526, P22748, P23589, P27139, P35218, P35739, P43165, P43166, P48283, P97616, Q14CH1, Q16790, Q3SZX4, Q3UFB7, Q497B8, Q5I0I5, Q5S1S4, Q5VT66, Q66HG6, Q8BNV1, Q8CAK1, Q8N1Q1, Q8N371, Q8NF37, Q8NI29, Q8VHB5, Q91W78, Q920N2, Q95323, Q96EN8, Q99N23, Q9CW42, Q9CXT6

Diamond homologs: A0A7H0DN92, A0JN41, B0BNN3, O57211, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P04195, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P0DSY1, P0DSY2, P13634, P14141, P16015, P20508, P23470, P23471, P23589, P27139, P35217, P35218, P43165, P43166, P48282, P48283, P61215, P83299, Q05909, Q1LZA1, Q3SZX4, Q5R4U0, Q5S1S4, Q66HG6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

245 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	12
Likely pathogenic	5
Uncertain significance	114
Likely benign	85
Benign	10

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (17)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1069842	NC_000016.9:g.(?87938372)(87960571_?)del	Pathogenic
127089	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.619-3421_774+502del	Pathogenic
1457965	NC_000016.9:g.(?87960334)(87970056_?)del	Pathogenic
1956686	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.683G>A (p.Trp228Ter)	Pathogenic
2631113	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.475T>C (p.Trp159Arg)	Pathogenic
3243526	NC_000016.9:g.(?87969895)(87970056_?)del	Pathogenic
3336515	NC_000016.9:g.(?87921618)(87938511_87960353)del	Pathogenic
3645507	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.419dup (p.Ser141fs)	Pathogenic
570252	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.94C>T (p.Arg32Ter)	Pathogenic
813300	GRCh37/hg19 16q24.2(chr16:87969915-87970056)	Pathogenic
832363	NC_000016.10:g.(?87888109)(87891974_?)del	Pathogenic
832389	NC_000016.10:g.(?87904766)(87904924_?)del	Pathogenic
1705233	NC_000016.9:g.(87925561_87935517)(87970113?)del	Likely pathogenic
2424226	NC_000016.9:g.(?87935498)(87938530_?)dup	Likely pathogenic
2503796	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.618+1G>T	Likely pathogenic
3670993	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.459+1G>C	Likely pathogenic
973554	NM_001739.2(CA5A):c.580C>T (p.Gln194Ter)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

2210 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:87891793:GCTCA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87891794:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87891795:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87891796:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87891797:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87891798:CCTGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:87891964:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87891965:G:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87901906:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87901907:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87901908:TTACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87901909:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87901910:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87901911:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87901970:CCGAG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87901971:CGAG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87901971:CGAGC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87901974:GC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:87901975:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87901975:CTGC:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:87901976:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:87926743:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87926744:TCAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87926746:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:87926746:ACCT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:87926747:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:87926941:GTGCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87926942:TGCA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87926943:GCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:87926943:GCAC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1990 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:87904851:G:C	H132D	0.979
16:87891840:A:G	W245R	0.978
16:87891840:A:T	W245R	0.978
16:87926797:G:C	N97K	0.977
16:87926797:G:T	N97K	0.977
16:87904816:G:C	H143Q	0.969
16:87904816:G:T	H143Q	0.969
16:87904848:A:G	W133R	0.968
16:87904848:A:T	W133R	0.968
16:87888159:G:C	F296L	0.966
16:87888159:G:T	F296L	0.966
16:87888161:A:G	F296L	0.966
16:87904791:C:G	A152P	0.965
16:87926770:A:C	F106L	0.964
16:87926770:A:T	F106L	0.964
16:87926772:A:G	F106L	0.964
16:87904786:C:A	E153D	0.963
16:87904786:C:G	E153D	0.963
16:87926882:A:G	I69T	0.963
16:87888203:G:T	R282S	0.961
16:87904819:C:A	E142D	0.961
16:87904819:C:G	E142D	0.961
16:87902447:G:T	A178D	0.959
16:87902508:G:C	H158D	0.959
16:87902517:G:C	H155D	0.958
16:87902519:A:G	L154P	0.957
16:87904846:C:A	W133C	0.957
16:87904846:C:G	W133C	0.957
16:87926798:T:G	N97T	0.954
16:87926882:A:C	I69S	0.953

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000043888 (16:87916092 C>G,T), RS1000053339 (16:87906867 A>G), RS1000066563 (16:87930081 T>C), RS1000079431 (16:87903251 T>C), RS1000079649 (16:87924626 G>A), RS1000135446 (16:87922644 G>A,T), RS1000204245 (16:87895766 A>G), RS1000278817 (16:87913901 G>A), RS1000279870 (16:87906571 G>C), RS1000534756 (16:87924429 C>T), RS1000604401 (16:87929295 T>C), RS1000643225 (16:87916884 C>A,G,T), RS1000684302 (16:87919590 A>T), RS1000740760 (16:87923363 T>C), RS1000745449 (16:87936181 A>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:114761 | disease phenotypes: MIM:615751

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency	Definitive	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency	Definitive	AR

Mondo (1): hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency (MONDO:0014332)

Orphanet (1): Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency (Orphanet:401948)

HPO phenotypes

30 total (30 of 30 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000952	Jaundice
HP:0001254	Lethargy
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay
HP:0001298	Encephalopathy
HP:0001942	Metabolic acidosis
HP:0001943	Hypoglycemia
HP:0001950	Respiratory alkalosis
HP:0001987	Hyperammonemia
HP:0001993	Ketoacidosis
HP:0002151	Increased circulating lactate concentration
HP:0002572	Episodic vomiting
HP:0002789	Tachypnea
HP:0002919	Ketonuria
HP:0003128	Lactic acidosis
HP:0003217	Hyperglutaminemia
HP:0003228	Hypernatremia
HP:0003348	Hyperalaninemia
HP:0003572	Low plasma citrulline
HP:0003623	Neonatal onset
HP:0003648	Lacticaciduria
HP:0005961	Hypoargininemia
HP:0008358	Hyperprolinemia
HP:0011463	Childhood onset
HP:0033111	3-hydroxyisovaleric aciduria
HP:0033213	Elevated urine suberic acid level
HP:0033407	Elevated urine acetoacetic acid level
HP:0040155	Elevated urinary 3-hydroxybutyric acid
HP:0500163	Hypoornithinemia
HP:0500251	Abnormal urine sebacic acid concentration

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004618_40	White blood cell count (basophil)	2.000000e-10
GCST004631_28	Basophil percentage of white cells	1.000000e-12
GCST004634_44	Basophil percentage of granulocytes	9.000000e-13
GCST009391_1408	Metabolite levels	6.000000e-06
GCST009391_683	Metabolite levels	2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005090	basophil count
EFO:0007992	basophil percentage of leukocytes
EFO:0007995	basophil percentage of granulocytes
EFO:0005132	5-HIAA measurement
EFO:0008529	kynurenine measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (3): CHEMBL2095180 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL2111457 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL4789 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

51 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 678,975 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL19	METHAZOLAMIDE	4	65
CHEMBL20	ACETAZOLAMIDE	4	28,768
CHEMBL750	ZONISAMIDE	4	16,649
CHEMBL18	ETHOXZOLAMIDE	4	3,042
CHEMBL220492	TOPIRAMATE	4	35,160
CHEMBL1054	TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE	4	11,619
CHEMBL1055	CHLORTHALIDONE	4	20,442
CHEMBL1096882	FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE	4	120,716
CHEMBL118	CELECOXIB	4	112,844
CHEMBL1200471	PYRITHIONE ZINC	4	24,834
CHEMBL1201754	RUFINAMIDE	4	3,052
CHEMBL1286	LEVETIRACETAM	4	13,997
CHEMBL1289601	LENVATINIB	4	8,784
CHEMBL17	DICHLORPHENAMIDE	4	9,022
CHEMBL21	SULFANILAMIDE	4	153,075
CHEMBL2105581	VERALIPRIDE	4	1,165
CHEMBL218490	DORZOLAMIDE	4	10,216
CHEMBL220491	BRINZOLAMIDE	4	8,355
CHEMBL255863	NILOTINIB	4	38,627
CHEMBL26	SULPIRIDE	4	58,543
CHEMBL325041	BORTEZOMIB	4
CHEMBL35	FUROSEMIDE	4
CHEMBL406	INDAPAMIDE	4
CHEMBL419	MAFENIDE	4
CHEMBL467	HYDROXYUREA	4
CHEMBL537	HYDROQUINONE	4
CHEMBL58323	LACOSAMIDE	4
CHEMBL609	TRIENTINE	4
CHEMBL6466	COUMARIN	4
CHEMBL865	VALDECOXIB	4

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Carbonic anhydrases

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

49 measured of 59 human assays (103 total across all organisms); most potent 49 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	EC50	0.0469 nM
(4S)-4-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-1,1-dioxo-2H,3H,4H-1,7,2-thieno[3,2-e][1,2]thiazine-6-sulfonamide	KI	3 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 1	KI	3.7 nM
cid_694792	KI	60 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7c	KI	60 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 5a	KI	61 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7e	KI	61 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 8	KI	63 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7d	KI	67 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 5f	KI	68 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7h	KI	71 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 6	KI	72 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7i	KI	73 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7b	KI	75 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7g	KI	75 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 5c	KI	77 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 5d	KI	84 nM
2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	107 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7a	KI	108 nM
3-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	110 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 5b	KI	161 nM
Topiramate, 3	KI	250 nM
sulfonamide deriv., 7f	KI	263 nM
6-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydrocyclohepta[c]chromen-3-yl sulfamate	IC50	300 nM
JFD00715	KI	328 nM
trichloromethiazide, 6	KI	345 nM
bis-sulfamate, 3	KI	378 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 2	KI	530 nM
3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	621 nM
Investigational agent, 5	KI	810 nM
Investigational agent, 4	KI	850 nM
bis-sulfamate, 4	KI	890 nM
1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, 6	IC50	2700 nM
BMCL182567 Compound 6b	KI	2840 nM
amino-N-{[(1R,2S,6S,9R)-4,4,11,11-tetramethyl-3,5,7,10,12-pentaoxatricyclo[7.3.0.0^{2,6}]dodecan-6-yl]methyl}sulfonamide	KI	3450 nM
[2-(cycloheptylmethyl)-1,1-dioxo–benzothiophen-6-yl] sulfamate	KI	3600 nM
salicylic acid	KI	9900 nM
4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide	KD	10000 nM
phenol	KI	10200 nM
4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide	IC50	22100 nM
3,5-difluorophenol	KI	38800 nM
Dorzolamide, DZA	KI	50000 nM
7-chloro-2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline-6-sulfonamide	KI	54000 nM
4-chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	IC50	125000 nM
4-cyanophenol	KI	131000 nM
2,5-difluorophenol	KI	134000 nM
4-aminophenol	KI	159000 nM
benzene-1,3-diol	KI	795000 nM
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene, XI	KI	4e+06 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

915 potent at pChembl≥5 of 988 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
11.00	Ki	0.01	nM	CYANIDE
10.70	Ki	0.02	nM	HYDROGEN SULFIDE
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4205449
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4207063
10.15	Kd	0.07	nM	CHEMBL4214894
9.96	Kd	0.11	nM	CHEMBL4474833
9.92	Ki	0.12	nM	SULFAMATE
9.85	Kd	0.14	nM	CHEMBL4210750
9.85	Kd	0.14	nM	CHEMBL4204729
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4552380
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4460315
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL4434661
9.70	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL282157
9.60	Kd	0.25	nM	CHEMBL1272187
9.52	Ki	0.3	nM	CHEMBL186537
9.52	Ki	0.3	nM	P-CHLOROBENZENESULFONAMIDE
9.46	Kd	0.35	nM	CHEMBL4474251
9.34	Kd	0.46	nM	CHEMBL4439909
9.33	Kd	0.47	nM	CHEMBL4207242
9.18	Kd	0.66	nM	CHEMBL4207577
9.12	Kd	0.75	nM	CHEMBL4451503
9.11	Kd	0.77	nM	CHEMBL4205044
9.10	Kd	0.8	nM	CHEMBL4218335
9.10	Ki	0.8	nM	ACETAZOLAMIDE
9.08	Ki	0.84	nM	SULFAMIDE
9.06	Kd	0.88	nM	CHEMBL4211504
9.04	Kd	0.92	nM	CHEMBL4450456
8.96	Kd	1.1	nM	CHEMBL4449430
8.96	Kd	1.1	nM	CHEMBL4466140
8.96	Kd	1.1	nM	CHEMBL4442511
8.80	Kd	1.6	nM	CHEMBL4588838
8.80	Kd	1.6	nM	CHEMBL4513684
8.77	Kd	1.7	nM	CHEMBL4444201
8.74	Ki	1.8	nM	ACETAZOLAMIDE
8.74	Kd	1.82	nM	CHEMBL4207063
8.70	Ki	2	nM	ETHOXZOLAMIDE
8.70	Kd	2	nM	CHEMBL4515586
8.69	Kd	2.04	nM	CHEMBL4205449
8.68	Kd	2.1	nM	CHEMBL4565224
8.66	Kd	2.2	nM	CHEMBL4456851
8.60	Ki	2.5	nM	METHAZOLAMIDE
8.59	Kd	2.6	nM	CHEMBL4451500
8.55	Kd	2.8	nM	CHEMBL4572161
8.54	Ki	2.9	nM	CHEMBL4171921
8.52	Kd	3	nM	CHEMBL4468310
8.46	Kd	3.46	nM	CHEMBL1272188
8.46	Kd	3.5	nM	CHEMBL4468834
8.46	Ki	3.49	nM	CHEMBL120886
8.44	Kd	3.6	nM	CHEMBL4475073
8.41	Kd	3.9	nM	CHEMBL4450545

PubChem BioAssay actives

991 with measured affinity, of 1560 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
2-chloro-5-[2-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
sulfane	238688: Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase V expressed in Escherichia coli	ki	<0.0001	uM
5-[2-(benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
Hydrogen Cyanide	238688: Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase V expressed in Escherichia coli	ki	<0.0001	uM
5-[2-(benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2,4-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
5-[2-(benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chloro-4-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
2-chloro-5-(2-imidazol-1-ylacetyl)benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
2,4-dichloro-5-[2-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515318: Binding affinity to recombinant full length C-terminal His6x-tagged human CA5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0001	uM
sulfamic acid	238688: Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase V expressed in Escherichia coli	ki	0.0001	uM
4-[1-[(2R)-1-(3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]triazol-4-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
(2R)-3-phenyl-2-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazol-1-yl]-N-(2-thiophen-3-ylethyl)propanamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide	50173: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase	ki	0.0002	uM
(2R)-N-benzyl-3-methyl-2-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazol-1-yl]butanamide	1557414: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	ki	0.0002	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515318: Binding affinity to recombinant full length C-terminal His6x-tagged human CA5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0003	uM
24530	238688: Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase V expressed in Escherichia coli	ki	0.0003	uM
4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide	50173: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase	ki	0.0003	uM
2-chloro-5-[2-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-4-phenylsulfanylbenzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0005	uM
1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1515318: Binding affinity to recombinant full length C-terminal His6x-tagged human CA5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0005	uM
N-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0007	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-N-cyclohexyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0008	uM
N-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0008	uM
Acetazolamide	50175: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase (Non competitive)	ki	0.0008	uM
sulfamide	238688: Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase V expressed in Escherichia coli	ki	0.0008	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0009	uM
2,4-dichloro-5-(2-imidazol-1-ylacetyl)benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0009	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0011	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0011	uM
4-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2,6-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide	1515318: Binding affinity to recombinant full length C-terminal His6x-tagged human CA5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	0.0011	uM
methyl 4-[(4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoate	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0016	uM
4-[(4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoic acid	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0016	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0017	uM
4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0020	uM
6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide	239287: Mean inhibitory constant towards human carbonic anhydrase V determined by spectrophotometric dansylamide binding assay	ki	0.0020	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0021	uM
4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0022	uM
N-(3-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylidene)acetamide	239287: Mean inhibitory constant towards human carbonic anhydrase V determined by spectrophotometric dansylamide binding assay	ki	0.0025	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0026	uM
methyl 4-[(2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoate	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0028	uM
4-pentylselanylbenzenesulfonamide	1354956: Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5A after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	ki	0.0029	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0030	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0035	uM
2-chloro-5-[2-(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0035	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0036	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520083: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 5a expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0039	uM
4-(2-methoxyethylselanyl)benzenesulfonamide	1354956: Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5A after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	ki	0.0040	uM
2-chloro-5-[2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0042	uM
phenylboronic acid	238688: Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase V expressed in Escherichia coli	ki	0.0045	uM
2-chloro-5-[2-(2-ethylimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	1373180: Binding affinity to recombinant human full length N-terminal His6-tagged mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	0.0047	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

34 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation, affects expression, decreases expression	4
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
sulfamic acid	decreases activity	1
oryzalin	affects binding, decreases activity	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
chloric acid	decreases activity	1
sodium metasilicate	decreases activity	1
benzo(e)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
potassium periodate	decreases activity	1
molybdate	decreases activity	1
tungstate	decreases activity	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
perchlorate	decreases activity	1
Rosiglitazone	decreases expression	1
Acetazolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Bromates	decreases activity	1
Carbonates	decreases activity	1
Diethylnitrosamine	decreases expression	1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	increases expression	1
Iodates	decreases activity	1
Methapyrilene	decreases methylation	1
Pesticides	affects methylation	1
Thiram	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	1
Vanadates	decreases activity	1
Zinc	decreases expression	1
Propofol	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

144 unique, capped per target: 143 binding, 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3386760	Binding	Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	Substituted thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes and related congeners: Synthesis, β-glucuronidase inhibition activity, crystal structure, and POM analyses. — Bioorg Med Chem
CHEMBL4406726	ADMET	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 5A preincubated with enzyme for 1 hr prior to testing by phenol red-based stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	Phenyl(thio)phosphon(amid)ate Benzenesulfonamides as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases II and VII Counteract Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy. — J Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

1 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03655223	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Early Check: Expanded Screening in Newborns