CA7

Summary

CA7 (carbonic anhydrase 7, HGNC:1381) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q22.1, encoding Carbonic anhydrase 7 (P43166). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Carbonic anhydrases are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. The cytosolic protein encoded by this gene is predominantly expressed in the brain and contributes to bicarbonate driven GABAergic neuron excitation. Alternative splicing in the coding region results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 766 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 29 total
• Druggable target: yes — 57 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005182

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1381
Approved symbol	CA7
Name	carbonic anhydrase 7
Location	16q22.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168748
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	114770
Entrez	766

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 2 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000338437, ENST00000394069, ENST00000548332

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_005182 NM_001014435, NM_001365337, NM_005182

CCDS: CCDS10821, CCDS42173

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000338437 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001139879	66850541	66850659
ENSE00001863930	66844414	66844527
ENSE00001878870	66853376	66854147
ENSE00003464333	66847030	66847227
ENSE00003474335	66852712	66852867
ENSE00003515144	66851463	66851558
ENSE00003519099	66851664	66851726

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 91 present calls, max score 98.08.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.2678 / max 44.0312, expressed in 82 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
154531	0.2000	63
154532	0.0678	48

Top tissues by expression

251 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	98.08	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	90.73	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	85.71	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	83.28	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	81.26	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.14	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	80.44	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	80.03	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	79.55	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	78.75	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	78.71	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	77.70	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	77.60	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	77.48	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	77.34	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	77.16	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	76.69	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	75.91	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	75.21	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	75.20	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	75.19	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	75.06	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	74.96	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	74.88	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	74.62	silver quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	73.91	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	73.81	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	73.40	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	73.30	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	72.77	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-125970	yes	3843.09
E-MTAB-9906	yes	3190.46
E-MTAB-8410	yes	2361.15
E-CURD-46	yes	585.79
E-ANND-3	no	2.28

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

71 targeting CA7, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-34A-5P	99.99	71.21	1784
HSA-MIR-449A	99.99	71.05	1776
HSA-MIR-3667-3P	99.99	67.17	1636
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-34C-5P	99.97	70.45	1577
HSA-MIR-449B-5P	99.97	70.26	1580
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-128-3P	99.95	71.17	2484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P	99.95	71.19	2505
HSA-MIR-9718	99.94	68.91	918
HSA-MIR-3119	99.92	71.34	2390
HSA-MIR-4302	99.89	67.94	1187
HSA-MIR-3681-3P	99.88	70.46	2254
HSA-MIR-4271	99.88	68.32	2244
HSA-MIR-137-3P	99.87	74.74	2401
HSA-MIR-221-5P	99.86	65.45	1052
HSA-MIR-8073	99.86	65.21	1118
HSA-MIR-6079	99.84	68.54	1170
HSA-MIR-6756-5P	99.82	67.97	2466
HSA-MIR-6817-3P	99.79	68.35	2126
HSA-MIR-6764-5P	99.75	67.89	2304
HSA-MIR-6766-5P	99.68	67.70	2325
HSA-MIR-7-5P	99.67	70.53	1809
HSA-MIR-298	99.63	67.56	1916
HSA-MIR-1915-3P	99.58	66.79	1988

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• GABAergic transmission is influenced by the neuronal expression of carbonic anhydrase cavii–REVIEW (PMID:15528236)
• these data furnish further evidence that hCA VII is the isozyme responsible for the anticonvulsant/antiepileptic activity of sulfonamides and sulfamates (PMID:15686895)
• conclude that the full-length CA VII is a predominant active form in human brain and also in other tissues. In addition to the brain, CA VII is expressed in several other organs including the stomach, duodenum, colon, liver, and skeletal muscle (PMID:20493921)
• native hCA VII can protect cells from oxidative damage by preventing the apoptosis cascade and that cysteines play a leading role in this process (PMID:23851572)
• Our results indicate that decreased expression of CA7 correlates with disease progression and predicts poor prognosis in CRC, especially for patients with early stage tumors. (PMID:25885898)
• CA II and CA XII, but not CA VII or CA IX, could be useful in predicting survival in colorectal carcinomas (PMID:27688658)
• Unlocking the Potential of the CA2, CA7, and ITM2C Gene Signatures for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of RNA-Seq Data by Utilizing Machine Learning Algorithms. (PMID:37895185)

Cross-species orthologs

17 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ca7	ENSDARG00000045139
mus_musculus	Car7	ENSMUSG00000031883
rattus_norvegicus	Car7	ENSRNOG00000012371
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH13	FBGN0033542
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH14	FBGN0034554
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH15	FBGN0034560
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH7	FBGN0037788
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH8	FBGN0038956
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH4	FBGN0039235
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH9	FBGN0039486
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH6	FBGN0039838
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH16	FBGN0040628
drosophila_melanogaster	CAH5	FBGN0040629
drosophila_melanogaster	CARPB	FBGN0052698
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000279
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000283
caenorhabditis_elegans	cah-6	WBGENE00000284

Paralogs (14): CA11 (ENSG00000063180), CA12 (ENSG00000074410), CA2 (ENSG00000104267), CA9 (ENSG00000107159), CA14 (ENSG00000118298), CA6 (ENSG00000131686), CA1 (ENSG00000133742), CA10 (ENSG00000154975), CA3 (ENSG00000164879), CA4 (ENSG00000167434), CA5B (ENSG00000169239), CA5A (ENSG00000174990), CA8 (ENSG00000178538), CA13 (ENSG00000185015)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Carbonic anhydrase 7 — P43166 (reviewed: P43166)

Alternative names: Carbonate dehydratase VII, Carbonic anhydrase VII

All UniProt accessions (2): F8W0L0, P43166

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Activity regulation. Activated by histamine, L-adrenaline, L- and D-histidine, and L- and D-phenylalanine. Inhibited by coumarins, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide (AZA), by saccharin and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt).

Similarity. Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P43166-1	1	yes
P43166-2	2

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001014435, NP_001352266, NP_005173* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001148	CA_dom	Domain
IPR018338	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class_CS	Conserved_site
IPR023561	Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class	Family
IPR036398	CA_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR041890	Alpha_CA_VII	Family

Pfam: PF00194

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 4.2.1.1 — carbonic anhydrase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 196 substrates, 2137 inhibitors, 263 Km, 291 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

9 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 9. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
CO2	0.012–4700	194
4-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	0.0024–30.53	16
H2CO3	0.434–112.7	16
HCO3-	9.3–37	4
P-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	3.86–6.8	4
4-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE	0.935–2.195	2
COS	1.86	1
HISTAMINE	7.9	1
CS2	—	0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• hydrogencarbonate + H(+) = CO2 + H2O (RHEA:10748)

UniProt features (35 total): strand 17, helix 8, binding site 4, turn 2, chain 1, domain 1, active site 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

13 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8Q3U	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.1
9QQ2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.35
7P1A	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.58
7NC4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.6
9QQ3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.6
6H38	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
6H36	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.85
6H37	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
6G4T	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.91
6SDT	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.94
3ML5	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
6ZR9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
3MDZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.32

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P43166-F1	97.15	0.98

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 66 (proton donor/acceptor)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 96; 98; 121; 201–202

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1475029	Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 125 (showing top): AAGCAAT_MIR137, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, MYOGENIN_Q6, chr16q22, GOMF_CARBONATE_DEHYDRATASE_ACTIVITY, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, MEF2_02, AP1_Q4_01, GATA3_01, MYOD_01, BACH2_01, TCF11_01, TGANTCA_AP1_C, MYOD_Q6

GO Biological Process (5): positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic (GO:0032230), obsolete positive regulation of cellular pH reduction (GO:0032849), regulation of intracellular pH (GO:0051453), neuron cellular homeostasis (GO:0070050), regulation of chloride transport (GO:2001225)

GO Molecular Function (4): carbonate dehydratase activity (GO:0004089), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), lyase activity (GO:0016829), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	1
positive regulation of synaptic transmission	1
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	1
regulation of pH	1
intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis	1
regulation of biological quality	1
cellular homeostasis	1
chloride transport	1
regulation of monoatomic anion transport	1
hydro-lyase activity	1
transition metal ion binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1176 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CA7	CYP24A1	Q07973	819
CA7	DECR1	Q16698	768
CA7	OSGIN2	Q9Y236	764
CA7	CALB2	P22676	721
CA7	CALB1	P05937	677
CA7	ALB	P02768	549
CA7	TG	P01266	512
CA7	RNASE1	P07998	511
CA7	FTH1	P02794	488
CA7	BEST4	Q8NFU0	447
CA7	PKD2L1	Q9P0L9	445
CA7	S100G	P29377	432
CA7	ATRN	O75882	430
CA7	LONRF2	Q1L5Z9	420
CA7	C14orf119	Q9NWQ9	408
CA7	STAC3	Q96MF2	408

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

ESM2 similar proteins: B0BNN3, O76206, P00441, P00445, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P00922, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P13634, P14141, P16015, P27139, P28755, P35217, P43166, P48282, P48284, P60052, P82205, P83299, Q0IIW3, Q1LZA1, Q27504, Q3SZX4, Q42961, Q5S1S4, Q6C662, Q7M316, Q7M317, Q8HXQ0, Q8HXQ1, Q8HXQ2

Diamond homologs: A0A7H0DN92, A0JN41, B0BNN3, O57211, P00915, P00916, P00917, P00918, P00919, P00920, P00921, P04195, P07450, P07451, P07452, P07630, P0DSY1, P0DSY2, P13634, P14141, P16015, P20508, P23470, P23471, P23589, P27139, P35217, P35218, P43165, P43166, P48282, P48283, P61215, P83299, Q05909, Q1LZA1, Q3SZX4, Q5R4U0, Q5S1S4, Q66HG6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

29 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	24
Likely benign	2
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

908 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:66847227:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:66847228:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:66847229:T:TC	donor_loss	1.0000
16:66850537:ACAGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850539:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850539:AGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850539:AGTG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850539:AGTGG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:66850540:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850540:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850540:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850540:GTGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850540:GTGGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66850655:GCGAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:66850658:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:66850660:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:66850661:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:66851461:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66851462:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66851659:GACAG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:66851660:ACAGA:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:66851661:CAGA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:66851662:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66851662:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:66851663:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66851663:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66851663:GACA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:66851722:TCAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:66851725:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:66851726:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1746 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:66850594:C:G	H98D	0.998
16:66852826:T:A	W211R	0.998
16:66852826:T:C	W211R	0.998
16:66850588:C:G	H96D	0.997
16:66850625:A:T	E108V	0.997
16:66851466:C:G	H121D	0.997
16:66853441:C:A	N246K	0.997
16:66853441:C:G	N246K	0.997
16:66850626:G:C	E108D	0.996
16:66850626:G:T	E108D	0.996
16:66851464:T:C	L120P	0.996
16:66847041:T:A	W18R	0.995
16:66847041:T:C	W18R	0.995
16:66847084:C:A	P32H	0.995
16:66847178:C:A	N63K	0.995
16:66847178:C:G	N63K	0.995
16:66850594:C:A	H98N	0.995
16:66850597:T:A	W99R	0.995
16:66850597:T:C	W99R	0.995
16:66851470:T:C	L122P	0.995
16:66852788:G:A	G198D	0.995
16:66847043:G:C	W18C	0.994
16:66847043:G:T	W18C	0.994
16:66847188:T:C	S67P	0.994
16:66847192:T:A	V68D	0.994
16:66850596:C:A	H98Q	0.994
16:66850596:C:G	H98Q	0.994
16:66850629:C:A	H109Q	0.994
16:66850629:C:G	H109Q	0.994
16:66852790:T:C	S199P	0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000291624 (16:66844236 G>A,C,T), RS1000345053 (16:66844348 C>A,G), RS1000406466 (16:66850395 TGCACCATG>T), RS1000438836 (16:66850673 T>C), RS1000550651 (16:66845397 G>A), RS1000637648 (16:66851091 T>G), RS1000770514 (16:66852036 A>T), RS1000797879 (16:66844640 C>A,T), RS1000899749 (16:66852301 A>G), RS1001281253 (16:66844827 T>A,C), RS1001328333 (16:66851172 G>A), RS1001522737 (16:66844710 A>G), RS1001884426 (16:66846419 G>T), RS1002130094 (16:66850973 C>A,G,T), RS1002161359 (16:66851307 G>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:114770 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL2095180 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL2326 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

57 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 802,845 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL19	METHAZOLAMIDE	4	65
CHEMBL20	ACETAZOLAMIDE	4	28,768
CHEMBL750	ZONISAMIDE	4	16,649
CHEMBL1054	TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE	4	11,619
CHEMBL1055	CHLORTHALIDONE	4	20,442
CHEMBL112	ACETAMINOPHEN	4	157,242
CHEMBL118	CELECOXIB	4	112,844
CHEMBL1200471	PYRITHIONE ZINC	4	24,834
CHEMBL1286	LEVETIRACETAM	4	13,997
CHEMBL1336	SORAFENIB	4	86,060
CHEMBL17	DICHLORPHENAMIDE	4	9,022
CHEMBL18	ETHOXZOLAMIDE	4	3,042
CHEMBL21	SULFANILAMIDE	4	153,075
CHEMBL2105581	VERALIPRIDE	4	1,165
CHEMBL218490	DORZOLAMIDE	4	10,216
CHEMBL220491	BRINZOLAMIDE	4	8,355
CHEMBL220492	TOPIRAMATE	4	35,160
CHEMBL255863	NILOTINIB	4	38,627
CHEMBL26	SULPIRIDE	4	58,543
CHEMBL325041	BORTEZOMIB	4	13,120
CHEMBL328560	SULTHIAME	4
CHEMBL35	FUROSEMIDE	4
CHEMBL406	INDAPAMIDE	4
CHEMBL419	MAFENIDE	4
CHEMBL424	SALICYLIC ACID	4
CHEMBL58323	LACOSAMIDE	4
CHEMBL609	TRIENTINE	4
CHEMBL6466	COUMARIN	4
CHEMBL865	VALDECOXIB	4
CHEMBL878	METOLAZONE	4

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Carbonic anhydrases

Most potent curated ligand interactions (12 total), top 12:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
ethoxzolamide	Inhibition	9.1	pKi
topiramate	Inhibition	9.05	pKi
methazolamide	Inhibition	8.68	pKi
acetazolamide	Inhibition	8.6	pKi
brinzolamide	Inhibition	8.55	pKi
chlorthalidone	Inhibition	8.55	pKi
dorzolamide	Inhibition	8.46	pKi
kaempferol	Inhibition	7.6	pKi
salvianolic acid A	Inhibition	7.15	pKi
zonisamide	Inhibition	6.93	pKi
indisulam	Inhibition	6.91	pKi
sulpiride	Inhibition	5.44	pKi

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

81 measured of 101 human assays (120 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid	EC50	0.0469 nM
2-Chloro-4-{[2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}-benzenesulfonamide (2j)	KD	1.67 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2f)	KD	2.86 nM
(4S)-4-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-1,1-dioxo-2H,3H,4H-1,7,2-thieno[3,2-e][1,2]thiazine-6-sulfonamide	KI	3 nM
4-[(2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2g)	KD	3.33 nM
4-{[2-(Methylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (1j)	KD	3.57 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 1	KI	3.7 nM
4-[(2-Isopropyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1h)	KD	4 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2e)	KD	4.76 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-isopropyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2h)	KD	5 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2b)	KD	5.88 nM
2-Chloro-4-[(2-isobutyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (2i)	KD	6.67 nM
4-[(2-Propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1f)	KD	7.14 nM
4-{[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (1c)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2d)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1e)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Isobutyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1i)	KD	8.33 nM
4-[(2-Methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1b)	KD	10 nM
2-Chloro-4-{[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (2c)	KD	10 nM
4-[(2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1g)	KD	11.1 nM
4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylacetyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2a)	KD	12 nM
p-Halide-sulfanilamide derivative, 2	KI	17.5 nM
4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylacetyl)benzenesulfonamide (1a)	KD	33 nM
CHEMBL1209039	KI	48 nM
p-Halide-sulfanilamide derivative, 2a	KI	81 nM
p-Halide-sulfanilamide derivative, 3	KI	81 nM
p-Hydroxy-benzene derivative, 3a	KI	89 nM
2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	107 nM
3-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	110 nM
3-[(2-Isobutyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3i)	KD	125 nM
4-[(2-Benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (1d)	KD	143 nM
Topiramate, 3	KI	250 nM
p-Phenyldiazenyl derivative, 8	KI	277 nM
6-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydrocyclohepta[c]chromen-3-yl sulfamate	IC50	300 nM
p-Phenyldiazenyl derivative, 7	KI	312 nM
JFD00715	KI	328 nM
trichloromethiazide, 6	KI	345 nM
bis-sulfamate, 3	KI	378 nM
p-Phenyldiazenyl derivative, 5	KI	393 nM
aliphatic sulfamate, 2	KI	530 nM
3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide	KI	621 nM
p-Phenyldiazenyl derivative, 4	KI	621 nM
3-[(2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3g)	KD	667 nM
Investigational agent, 5	KI	810 nM
Investigational agent, 4	KI	850 nM
p-Phenyldiazenyl derivative, 6	KI	863 nM
bis-sulfamate, 4	KI	890 nM
3-[(2-Propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3f)	KD	1000 nM
3-{[2-(Methylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}benzenesulfonamide (3j)	KD	1670 nM
3-[(2-Benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide (3d)	KD	2500 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

2095 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2135 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4456084
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4444201
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4588838
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4572161
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4442511
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4539233
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4515586
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4450306
11.00	Kd	0.01	nM	CHEMBL4592616
10.92	Kd	0.012	nM	CHEMBL4461481
10.82	Kd	0.015	nM	CHEMBL4553790
10.80	Kd	0.016	nM	CHEMBL4170792
10.80	Kd	0.016	nM	CHEMBL4463683
10.77	Kd	0.017	nM	CHEMBL4573916
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4468310
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4558287
10.70	Kd	0.02	nM	CHEMBL4573963
10.68	Kd	0.021	nM	CHEMBL2011156
10.68	Kd	0.021	nM	CHEMBL4555622
10.57	Kd	0.027	nM	CHEMBL4452277
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4160149
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4165570
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4451503
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4562296
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4166643
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4521683
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4565560
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4443095
10.52	Kd	0.03	nM	CHEMBL4513684
10.51	Kd	0.031	nM	CHEMBL4176862
10.51	Kd	0.031	nM	CHEMBL4475315
10.51	Kd	0.031	nM	CHEMBL4567746
10.51	Kd	0.031	nM	CHEMBL4439634
10.49	Kd	0.032	nM	CHEMBL4166643
10.47	Kd	0.034	nM	CHEMBL4516072
10.42	Kd	0.038	nM	CHEMBL3797385
10.42	Kd	0.038	nM	CHEMBL4170371
10.40	Kd	0.04	nM	CHEMBL4553519
10.40	Kd	0.04	nM	CHEMBL4454599
10.32	Kd	0.048	nM	CHEMBL4458989
10.32	Kd	0.048	nM	CHEMBL4464359
10.30	Kd	0.05	nM	CHEMBL4593681
10.30	Kd	0.05	nM	CHEMBL4579465
10.28	Kd	0.052	nM	CHEMBL4462447
10.26	Kd	0.055	nM	CHEMBL4168966
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4172331
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4173471
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4457904
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4166964
10.22	Kd	0.06	nM	CHEMBL4168997

PubChem BioAssay actives

2181 with measured affinity, of 2858 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
3-[(4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]propyl acetate	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361388: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 7 (3 to 264 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
methyl 4-[(2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoate	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361388: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 7 (3 to 264 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-bromo-N-butyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361388: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 7 (3 to 264 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-N-benzyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-N-cyclohexyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethylsulfanyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzylamino)-4-chloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361388: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 7 (3 to 264 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-bromo-N-butyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
methyl 4-[(4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoate	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-[(4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoic acid	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-benzyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-bromo-N-butyl-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-butyl-4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-chloro-2-cyclohexylsulfonyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-(benzenesulfonyl)-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2,4-dibromo-N-butyl-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1361388: Binding affinity to recombinant N-terminal His-tagged human carbonic anhydrase 7 (3 to 264 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain assessed as intrinsic Kd in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-[2-(benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]benzenesulfonamide	1469012: Binding affinity to CA7 (unknown origin) assessed as intrinsic thermodynamic equilibrium constant at pH 7 by SPR assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
1-(4-chlorosulfonyl-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1763399: Inhibition of human recombinant CA7 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-N-[(E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515321: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA7 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
4-[(2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoyl)amino]butanoic acid	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid	1515321: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA7 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
2-benzylsulfanyl-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzamide	1520086: Binding affinity to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 expressed in Escherichia coli expression system assessed as kinetic dissociation constant fluorescent thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
3-chloro-4-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2,6-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide	1515321: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA7 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-N-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515321: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA7 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM
N-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-1-(2-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide	1515321: Binding affinity to recombinant human CA7 assessed as intrinsic dissociation constant by DSF-based fluorescence thermal shift assay	kd	<0.0001	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

15 total (human), top 15 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases methylation	2
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
oryzalin	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Acetazolamide	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Copper	decreases expression, affects binding	1
Disulfiram	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Hydralazine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Famotidine	affects binding, decreases activity	1
Antirheumatic Agents	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

209 unique, capped per target: 205 binding, 4 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3386760	Binding	Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (unknown origin)	Substituted thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes and related congeners: Synthesis, β-glucuronidase inhibition activity, crystal structure, and POM analyses. — Bioorg Med Chem
CHEMBL4187338	ADMET	Binding affinity to recombinant human N-terminal His-tagged carbonic anhydrase 7 (3 to 264 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in presence of ANS by fluorescent thermal shift assay	Benzimidazole design, synthesis, and docking to build selective carbonic anhydrase VA inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.