CAND1

Summary

CAND1 (cullin associated and neddylation dissociated 1, HGNC:30688) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q14.3-q15, encoding Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1 (Q86VP6). Key assembly factor of SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that promotes the exchange of the substrate-recognition F-box subunit in SCF complexes, thereby playing a key role in the cellular repertoire of SCF complexes. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 33.0% of cell lines).

This gene encodes an essential regulator of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases, which are in involved in ubiquitinylation of proteins degraded by the Ub proteasome system. The encoded protein binds to unneddylated cullin-RING box protein complexes and acts as an inhibitor of cullin neddylation and of Skp1, cullin, and F box ubiquitin ligase complex assembly and activity. In mammalian cell culture, this protein predominantly localizes to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of this gene in preadipocytes results in blocked adipogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 55832 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 8
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 91 total — 1 pathogenic
• Regional missense constraint (gnomAD): 4 of 9 regions constrained (≈16% of expected missense variation)
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 31 tissues, sQTL in 2 (q < 0.05)
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 33.0% of screened cell lines
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 1.00 (loss-of-function intolerant), LOEUF 0.08 (highly constrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018448
• Interaction hub: 2,144 STRING partners (top 6% of genes corpus-wide)
• Notable: 91 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30688
Approved symbol	CAND1
Name	cullin associated and neddylation dissociated 1
Location	12q14.3-q15
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	TIP120A, DKFZp434M1414, KIAA0829, TIP120
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000111530
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	607727
Entrez	55832

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 19 — 8 nonsense_mediated_decay, 7 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000545606

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 2, TSL 2: 3, TSL 3: 2, TSL 4: 1

ENST00000545606, ENST00000535146, ENST00000539109, ENST00000539434, ENST00000540319, ENST00000540525, ENST00000541058, ENST00000544619, ENST00000909423, ENST00000974768, ENST00000974769, ENST00000974770, ENST00001037984, ENST00001037985, ENST00001037986, ENST00001090138, ENST00001095233, ENST00001107065, ENST00001135831

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_018448 NM_001329674, NM_001329675, NM_001329676, NM_018448

CCDS: CCDS8977

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000545606 — 15 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000920685	67297748	67297853
ENSE00000920686	67298950	67299095
ENSE00000920687	67302323	67302615
ENSE00000920688	67304605	67304746
ENSE00000920689	67305104	67306597
ENSE00001100526	67292622	67292776
ENSE00001100530	67295033	67295156
ENSE00001244663	67269358	67269785
ENSE00001801565	67311693	67311800
ENSE00001805471	67310152	67310316
ENSE00002212138	67312606	67319953
ENSE00003468612	67307397	67307492
ENSE00003495560	67297407	67297663
ENSE00003608795	67309901	67310070
ENSE00003677657	67281910	67282053

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 290 present calls, max score 98.58.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 45.5414 / max 553.7314, expressed in 1821 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): adrenal tissue, ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, cortical plate, embryo.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

CAND1 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 31 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 2 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 33 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	2.9e-49	+0.41	12:67348483:G:A
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	4.9e-37	+0.24	12:67265906:G:T
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	6.1e-35	+0.27	12:67274102:T:G
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	1.6e-25	+0.27	12:67311230:A:AGGTTTATGG
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	2.4e-21	+0.31	12:67263701:A:C
Artery Tibial	eqtl	5.0e-19	+0.24	12:67246382:A:G
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	3.1e-16	+0.15	12:67270198:T:G
Pancreas	eqtl	3.6e-16	+0.30	12:67289908:G:A
Adipose Visceral Omentum	eqtl	5.2e-15	+0.23	12:67308379:A:T
Lung	eqtl	7.5e-15	+0.22	12:67328232:G:A
Thyroid	eqtl	4.3e-14	+0.20	12:67328232:G:A
Colon Sigmoid	eqtl	2.4e-13	+0.20	12:67244924:T:C
Colon Transverse	eqtl	4.0e-12	+0.21	12:67274218:G:A
Stomach	eqtl	1.1e-11	+0.23	12:67328232:G:A
Prostate	eqtl	1.7e-09	+0.23	12:67328296:G:C
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	2.4e-09	+0.19	12:67260224:A:G
Artery Aorta	eqtl	1.2e-08	+0.21	12:67244924:T:C
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	2.1e-07	+0.09	12:67376834:G:A
Brain Cerebellum	eqtl	8.0e-07	+0.14	12:67259837:T:C
Adrenal Gland	eqtl	2.2e-06	+0.21	12:67270198:T:G

FANTOM5 promoters

8 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
126560	24.8255	1810
126564	15.0466	1773
126562	2.0716	1205
126561	1.8558	1126
126565	0.6962	418
126558	0.4203	209
126563	0.3705	141
126559	0.2549	126

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 293 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	98.58	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	98.54	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	98.21	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	98.21	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	97.36	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	97.13	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	96.27	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	95.46	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	95.35	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	94.71	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	94.38	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	94.35	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	94.13	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	94.08	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	94.03	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	93.84	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	93.84	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	93.78	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	93.62	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	93.60	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	93.57	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	93.50	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	93.45	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	93.45	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	93.45	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	93.38	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	93.31	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	93.26	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	93.17	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	93.14	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	93.08	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	93.07	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	93.06	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	93.04	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	93.04	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	92.96	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	92.89	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	92.85	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	92.85	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	92.84	gold quality
female reproductive system	UBERON:0000474	92.82	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	92.75	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	92.75	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	92.74	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	92.68	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	92.67	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	92.65	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	92.61	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	92.58	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	92.57	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	92.55	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	92.53	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	92.52	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	92.46	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	92.43	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	92.39	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	92.38	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	92.37	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	92.32	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	92.31	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	92.27	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	92.22	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	92.22	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	92.14	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	92.06	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	92.00	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	91.96	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	91.94	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	91.93	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	91.83	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	91.83	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	91.81	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	91.79	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	91.74	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	91.69	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	91.64	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	91.63	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	91.62	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	91.61	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	91.61	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	91.60	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	91.59	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	91.57	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	91.56	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	91.55	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	91.52	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	91.51	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	91.49	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	91.48	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	91.46	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	91.44	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	91.43	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	91.42	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	91.42	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	91.42	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	91.41	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	91.40	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	91.37	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	91.36	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	91.36	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.09

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Low tissue specificity

showing 60 of 79 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Pons	tissue	63.0
Thalamus	tissue	60.8
Cerebral cortex	tissue	59.4	not detected
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	59.4
Hippocampal formation	tissue	56.1
Midbrain	tissue	55.9
Superior colliculi	tissue	55.8
Occipital cortex	tissue	55.3
Medulla oblongata	tissue	52.8
Motor cortex	tissue	52.5
Spinal cord	tissue	51.6
Locus coeruleus	tissue	51.4
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	51.2
Putamen	tissue	50.7
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	50.3
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	49.7
Cerebellum	tissue	49.7	not detected
Septum	tissue	49.2
Hypothalamus	tissue	48.9
Substantia nigra	tissue	48.6
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	47.9
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	46.7
Temporal cortex	tissue	46.6
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	45.9
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	45.7
Ventral forebrain	tissue	45.1
Basal ganglia	tissue	42.0	not detected
Insular cortex	tissue	40.5
Hippocampus	tissue	40.3	not detected
Corpus callosum	tissue	40.0
Choroid plexus	tissue	39.7
Olfactory bulb	tissue	39.0
Amygdala	tissue	38.6
Caudate putamen	tissue	38.1
Thymus	tissue	36.1
Frontal cortex	tissue	35.8
Retina	tissue	34.7
Tonsil	tissue	28.9	not detected
Skin 1	tissue	27.6	not detected
Parathyroid gland	tissue	26.6	not detected
Epididymis	tissue	26.2
Testis	tissue	26.0	low
Lymph node	tissue	25.7	not detected
Liver	tissue	25.6	low
Thyroid gland	tissue	24.4	medium
Breast	tissue	24.3	not detected
Ovary	tissue	23.6	low
Kidney	tissue	22.7	medium
Urinary bladder	tissue	21.8	low
Placenta	tissue	21.8	not detected
Adrenal gland	tissue	21.8	medium
Bone marrow	tissue	21.4	not detected
Esophagus	tissue	21.0	not detected
Prostate	tissue	21.0	not detected
Smooth muscle	tissue	20.2	low
Cervix	tissue	20.1	not detected
Endometrium 1	tissue	19.9	medium
Rectum	tissue	19.4	not detected
Seminal vesicle	tissue	18.8	low
Appendix	tissue	18.7	not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 191; highest nTPM — Cerebellar cortex (58.8), Dorsal hippocampus (56.1), Vermis (51.9), Arcuate nucleus (51.7), Ventral spinal cord (51.6).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting CAND1 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 194 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-33A-5P	99.99	68.62	1055
HSA-MIR-33B-5P	99.99	68.58	1062
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 1, LOEUF 0.076, missense Z 4.82 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD)

ENST00000545606 splits into 9 regions with different missense tolerance; 4 are missense-constrained (≈16% of the expected missense variation). Missense variants in a constrained region (low observed/expected) are more likely to be pathogenic. gnomAD

Region (GRCh38)	Missense obs / exp	o/e	Constrained
12:67,269,718–67,292,743	44 / 129.1	0.34	yes (p 7.0e-14)
12:67,292,744–67,306,379	697 / 942.0	0.74	no
12:67,306,380–67,310,066	106 / 182.0	0.58	no
12:67,310,067–67,310,223	6 / 33.3	0.18	yes (p 2.3e-06)
12:67,310,224–67,310,266	14 / 16.2	0.87	no
12:67,310,267–67,311,732	5 / 34.6	0.14	yes (p 4.9e-07)
12:67,311,733–67,311,789	22 / 24.4	0.90	no
12:67,311,790–67,312,691	8 / 35.9	0.22	yes (p 3.2e-06)
12:67,312,692–67,312,827	39 / 51.3	0.76	no
DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 33.0% of screened cell lines.

Most-dependent cell lines (DepMap gene-effect, lower = stronger; ≤ −0.5 shown): A388 (-1.256), HCC38 (-1.246), KMS-11 (-1.214), SK-LMS-1 (-1.21), VMRC-RCW (-1.168), HCC70 (-1.113), NCI-N87 (-1.108), PACADD-165 (-1.105), NCI-H2291 (-1.055), SK-N-FI (-1.043), BOKU (-1.033), BICR 10 (-1.03), MDST8 (-1.022), KP-N-SI9s (-1.01), HCC-827-GR5 (-1.006).

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 21)

• selectively binds to unneddylated CUL1 and is dissociated by CUL1 neddylation (PMID:12504025)
• binds to unneddylated CUL1 and regulates the formation of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase complex (PMID:12504026)
• TIP120A functions as a negative regulator of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases and may modulate other cullin ligases in a similar fashion. (PMID:12609982)
• CAND1 & COP9 signalosome (CSN), major deneddylase of cullins, bind to unneddylated CUL1 in mutually exclusive way. Suppression of CAND1 expression by siRNA enhanced interaction between CUL1 & CSN, suggesting that CAND1 inhibited binding of CSN to CUL1. (PMID:16036220)
• SCCRO recruits Ubc12 approximately NEDD8 to the CAND1-Cul1-ROC1 complex but that this is not sufficient to dissociate or overcome the inhibitory effects of CAND1 on cullin neddylation (PMID:18826954)
• miR-148a is an androgen-responsive microRNA that promotes LNCaP prostate cell growth by repressing its target CAND1 expression. (PMID:20820187)
• CAND1 does not function by sequestering cullins in vivo to prevent substrate receptor autoubiquitination and is likely to regulate cullin RING ligase activity via alternative mechanisms (PMID:21249194)
• COMMD1 (copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing protein 1) regulates Cullin RING ligases by preventing CAND1 (Cullin-associated Nedd8-dissociated protein 1) binding. (PMID:21778237)
• A protein encoded by this locus was found to be differentially expressed in postmortem brains from patients with atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration. (PMID:22360420)
• The Epstein-Barr virus protein BPLF1, is targeted to cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) via the interaction of the conserved helix-2 with helix-23 of cullins, at a site involved in electrostatic interaction with CAND1. (PMID:22474075)
• CAND1 promotes PLK4-mediated centriole overduplication and is frequently disrupted in prostate cancer. (PMID:23019411)
• We demonstrate that the accumulation of p27 is associated with an increase of CAND1 and a decrease of Skp2 during adipogenesis of human LiSa-2 preadipocytes. CAND1 knockdown reduces p27 and blocks adipogenesis. (PMID:23328082)
• Study shows that Cand1 can unambiguously stimulate SCF activity in vitro by enabling an F box protein-Skp1 complex to access Cul1 that was previously occupied by a different F box protein-Skp1 complex, and that Cand1 promotes assembly in vivo of new F box proteins with pre-existing Cul1 molecules. (PMID:23453757)
• Data show that the differentiation of LiSa-2 preadipocytes is associated with an increase of cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 (CAND1), COP9 signalosome (CSN), neddylated cullin 3 (Cul3) and the BTB protein Keap1. (PMID:26219975)
• describe the identification of the structural determinants responsible for the CA IX/CAND1 interaction (PMID:28388044)
• miR-33a and CAND1 played an important role in lung cancer proliferation and cell migration (PMID:28871425)
• CAND1 regulates lunapark for the proper tubular network of the endoplasmic reticulum. (PMID:31511573)
• Cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 protein (CAND1) governs cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure partially through regulating calcineurin degradation. (PMID:35661710)
• Systemwide disassembly and assembly of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes. (PMID:37028429)
• Structural and mechanistic insights into the CAND1-mediated SCF substrate receptor exchange. (PMID:37339624)
• ASCC3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type I interferon response via CAND1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of STAT3. (PMID:38148115)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cand1	ENSDARG00000017841
mus_musculus	Cand1	ENSMUSG00000020114
rattus_norvegicus	Cand1	ENSRNOG00000007834
drosophila_melanogaster	Cand1	FBGN0027568
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00013606

Paralogs (1): CAND2 (ENSG00000144712)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1261820) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 29 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
abnormal heart morphology	1
abnormal craniofacial morphology	1
enlarged liver	1
abnormal spleen morphology	1
enlarged spleen	1
enlarged lymph nodes	1
abnormal uterus morphology	1
abnormal ovary morphology	1
small testis	1
microphthalmia	1
abnormal blood vessel morphology	1
abnormal placenta morphology	1
edema	1
abnormal skin morphology	1
abnormal kidney morphology	1
small heart	1
abnormal lymph node morphology	1
decreased mean corpuscular volume	1
small kidney	1
embryonic growth retardation	1
increased response of heart to induced stress	1
decreased response of heart to induced stress	1
abnormal gallbladder morphology	1
decreased heart rate	1
enlarged gallbladder	1

+4 more (showing top 25).

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Bos taurus	A7MBJ5	100.0%	Diamond
Pongo abelii	Q5R6L5	98.5%	Diamond
Arabidopsis thaliana	Q8L5Y6	43.4%	Diamond
Dictyostelium discoideum	Q86KD1	41.1%	Diamond
Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4	Q5BAH2	31.2%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
LINC03240	ncRNA	124902957
GRIP1	protein-coding	23426

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1 — Q86VP6 (reviewed: Q86VP6)

Alternative names: Cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated protein 1, TBP-interacting protein of 120 kDa A, p120 CAND1

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A0C4DGH5, F5H6I6, H0YH27, Q86VP6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Key assembly factor of SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that promotes the exchange of the substrate-recognition F-box subunit in SCF complexes, thereby playing a key role in the cellular repertoire of SCF complexes. Acts as a F-box protein exchange factor. The exchange activity of CAND1 is coupled with cycles of neddylation conjugation: in the deneddylated state, cullin-binding CAND1 binds CUL1-RBX1, increasing dissociation of the SCF complex and promoting exchange of the F-box protein. Probably plays a similar role in other cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with TBP. Part of a complex that contains CUL1 and RBX1. Interacts with unneddylated cullins: interacts with CUL1, CUL2, CUL3, CUL4A, CUL4B and CUL5. Does not bind neddylated CUL1. Interaction with cullins is abolished in presence of COMMD1, which antagonizes with CAND1 for interacting with cullins. Interacts with ERCC6. Interacts with DCUN1D1, DCUN1D2, DCUN1D3, DCUN1D4 and DCUN1D5; these interactions are bridged by cullins and strongly inhibits the neddylation of cullins.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Induction. Repressed by miR-148a.

Miscellaneous. A model has been proposed to explain the mechanisms of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes assembly. According to this hypothesis, cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes exist in a ‘stable’ active state when saturated with substrate, occluding access to deneddylation by the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex. The neddylation-conjugated cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes mediate ubiquitination of substrates and can recruit downstream factors involved in substrate degradation. Depletion of the substrate promotes the ability of CSN to bind the cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and mediate deneddylation. In this ‘intermediate’ deneddylated state, the complex can bind CAND1 and enter the ’exchange’ state, resulting in high increase in dissociation rate of the substrate-recognition subunit. The resulting CAND1-cullin-RING complex rapidly assembles with another available substrate-recognition subunit to form an unstable ternary intermediate and yield a new cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Subsequent neddylation of the cullin, which is stabilized by substrate, completes the cycle.

Similarity. Belongs to the CAND family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q86VP6-1	1	yes
Q86VP6-2	2
Q86VP6-3	3

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001316603, NP_001316604, NP_001316605, NP_060918* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR011989	ARM-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR013932	TATA-bd_TIP120	Domain
IPR016024	ARM-type_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR039852	CAND1/CAND2	Family

Pfam: PF08623, PF13513, PF25782

UniProt features (148 total): helix 77, repeat 27, strand 19, sequence conflict 6, turn 5, modified residue 5, splice variant 4, sequence variant 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

14 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
7Z8R	CAND1-CUL1-RBX1	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7Z8V	CAND1-SCF-SKP2 (SKP1deldel) CAND1 engaged SCF rocked	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
8OR3	CAND1-CUL1-RBX1-SKP1-SKP2-DCNL1	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
7Z8T	CAND1-SCF-SKP2 CAND1 engaged SCF rocked	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3
1U6G	Crystal Structure of The Cand1-Cul1-Roc1 Complex	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.1
7ZBZ	CAND1 delhairpin-SCF-SKP2 CAND1 partly engaged SCF partly rocked	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
8OR0	CAND1-CUL1-RBX1-SKP1-SKP2-CKS1-CDK2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
8OR2	CAND1-CUL1-RBX1-DCNL1	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
8CDK	CAND1 b-hairpin++-SCF-SKP2 CAND1 partly engaged SCF partly rocked	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.32
8CDJ	CAND1 b-hairpin++-SCF-SKP2 CAND1 rolling SCF engaged	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.4
7ZBW	CAND1-SCF-SKP2 CAND1 rolling-2 SCF engaged	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.5
8H3Q	Cryo-EM Structure of the CAND1-Cul3-Rbx1 complex	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.76
4A0C	Structure of the CAND1-CUL4B-RBX1 complex	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.8
8OR4	Partially dissociated CAND1-CUL1-RBX1-SKP1-SKP2-CKS1-CDK2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.8

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q86VP6-F1	86.95	0.53

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cytosol; golgi apparatus; nucleoplasm

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (5)

Type	Positions
N-acetylalanine	2
N6-acetyllysine	55, 971
Phosphoserine	335, 558

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 curated (TAS) of 8; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

8 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-168256	Immune System	—
R-HSA-168249	Innate Immune System	—
R-HSA-917937	Iron uptake and transport	—
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins	—
R-HSA-8951664	Neddylation	—
R-HSA-6798695	Neutrophil degranulation	—
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification	—
R-HSA-382551	Transport of small molecules	—

MSigDB gene sets: 274 (showing top): E2F_Q4, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, E2F4DP1_01, GCM_GSPT1, MODULE_255, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, TTTGTAG_MIR520D, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, GCM_ZNF198, MODULE_317, TATTATA_MIR374, AP2_Q3, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, ATGTTAA_MIR302C, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION_PREINITIATION_COMPLEX_ASSEMBLY

GO Biological Process (6): SCF complex assembly (GO:0010265), protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), negative regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0043086), positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0045899), positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)

GO Molecular Function (2): TBP-class protein binding (GO:0017025), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (11): ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0000151), extracellular region (GO:0005576), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), membrane (GO:0016020), cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0031461), secretory granule lumen (GO:0034774), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), ficolin-1-rich granule lumen (GO:1904813)

Reactome top-level categories

5 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Innate Immune System	1
Post-translational protein modification	1
Transport of small molecules	1
Immune System	1
Metabolism of proteins	1

GO top-level categories

28 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	5
protein-containing complex assembly	1
protein modification by small protein conjugation	1
cellular developmental process	1
catalytic activity	1
negative regulation of molecular function	1
regulation of catalytic activity	1
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	1
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	1
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly	1
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
general transcription initiation factor binding	1
binding	1
intracellular protein-containing complex	1
transferase complex	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
ubiquitin ligase complex	1
secretory granule	1
cytoplasmic vesicle lumen	1
extracellular vesicle	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
ficolin-1-rich granule	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 12 of 19 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

12 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
SCF complex assembly	BP	direct assay
cell differentiation	BP	direct assay
negative regulation of catalytic activity	BP	direct assay
protein ubiquitination	BP	direct assay
cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex	CC	direct assay
cytoplasm	CC	direct assay
cytosol	CC	direct assay
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
membrane	CC	high-throughput assay
nucleoplasm	CC	direct assay
nucleus	CC	direct assay
ubiquitin ligase complex	CC	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 2,144 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CAND1	NEDD8	Q15843	907
CAND1	CUL1	Q13616	888
CAND1	SKP1	P34991	860
CAND1	RBX1	P62877	841
CAND1	COPS5	Q92905	779
CAND1	SKP2	Q13309	729
CAND1	UBE2M	P61081	714
CAND1	CUL3	Q13618	688
CAND1	PSMD14	O00487	670
CAND1	NAE1	Q13564	659
CAND1	CUL2	Q13617	641
CAND1	CUL5	Q93034	638
CAND1	UBE2F	Q969M7	633
CAND1	UBA3	Q8TBC4	629
CAND1	RNF7	Q9UBF6	624

IntAct

Human interaction partners of CAND1 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

15 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
CUL1	physical association	0.960	15
CUL4B	direct interaction	0.840	3
CUL3	physical association	0.750	2
CUL4A	physical association	0.720	2
RBX1	physical association	0.710	10
CUL2	physical association	0.640	2
RPL27A	physical association	0.560	1
NUP62	direct interaction	0.440	1
SRPK2	phosphorylation reaction	0.440	1
YWHAZ	physical association	0.400	1
MTNR1A	physical association	0.370	1
FBXO25	association	0.350	1
GTPBP10	association	0.350	1
HSPA13	physical association	0.000	1
STXBP1	physical association	0.000	1

BioGRID (1,296 interactions; top human partners by supporting records in a sample of 600 records): CUL1 (Affinity Capture-Western; 37 records), CUL3 (Affinity Capture-Western; 18 records), CUL4A (Affinity Capture-Western; 13 records), DCUN1D1 (Reconstituted Complex; 13 records), CUL4B (Affinity Capture-MS; 12 records), CUL2 (Affinity Capture-Western; 9 records), CUL5 (Affinity Capture-MS; 9 records), RBX1 (Reconstituted Complex; 9 records), DCUN1D3 (Affinity Capture-Western; 6 records), KIAA1715 (Affinity Capture-Western; 6 records), DCUN1D2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), DCUN1D5 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), ERCC6 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), RPH3A (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), UBE2M (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records)

Protein complexes (CORUM) (5)

Experimentally-characterized complexes this protein is a subunit of (★ = the complex contains a known drug target).

5 complexes by size:

Complex	Subunits	Members
CAND1-CUL1-RBX1 complex	3	CAND1, CUL1, RBX1
CAND1-CUL2-RBX1 complex	3	CAND1, CUL2, RBX1
CAND1-CUL3-RBX1 complex	3	CAND1, CUL3, RBX1
CAND1-CUL4A-RBX1 complex	3	CAND1, CUL4A, RBX1
CAND1-CUL4B-RBX1 complex	3	CUL4B, RBX1, CAND1

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 15 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Neddylation	6	21.9×	2e-05

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	5	66.9×	1e-06
protein ubiquitination	7	19.3×	2e-06
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	5	17.4×	2e-04

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for CAND1: 91 ClinVar records (1 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 8 GWAS associations. Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

91 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	73
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Showing all 1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification	Review	Submitters
1340105	GRCh37/hg19 12q14.3-15(chr12:66045645-68872343)x1	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	1

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore CAND1’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 24 predictions of 1,427):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
12:67281904	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:67281908–67281909	acceptor_loss	1.0000	4
12:67281909	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:67281983	donor_gain	1.0000
12:67282054–67282055	donor_loss	1.0000	5
12:67292620–67292621	acceptor_loss	1.0000	4
12:67292777–67292778	donor_loss	1.0000	5
12:67295028	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:67295032	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:67295157	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4,607 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 8,074 scored), across 1,012 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M25	9	0.999	1.000
M1068	9	0.996	1.000
M15	9	0.988	1.000
M1121	9	0.959	0.998
M95	9	0.903	0.998
M1126	9	0.837	0.998
M52	9	0.831	0.978
D21	8	1.000	1.000
D344	8	1.000	1.000
D582	8	1.000	1.000
D19	8	0.999	1.000
D29	8	0.999	1.000
D59	8	0.999	1.000
D308	8	0.999	1.000
D341	8	0.999	1.000
F1071	8	0.999	1.000
D1076	8	0.999	1.000
N621	8	0.998	1.000
D1115	8	0.997	0.999
D1118	8	0.997	1.000

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

4 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	5.34e-07
Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	5.54e-06
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.000145
Ovary Serous Cystadenocarcinoma (validation)	unfavorable	0.000837

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607727 | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

8 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006628_43	Systolic blood pressure	5e-10
GCST010242_298	HDL cholesterol levels	7e-10
GCST010244_289	Triglyceride levels	3e-9
GCST004735_37	Epstein-Barr virus copy number in lymphoblastoid cell lines	5e-7
GCST002611_4	Expressive vocabulary in infants	7e-7
GCST004791_3	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9orf72 mutation interaction)	3e-6
GCST000461_6	Hippocampal atrophy	5e-6
GCST009391_680	Metabolite levels	7e-6

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

6 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005039	hippocampal atrophy
EFO:0006316	infant expressive language ability
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0010506	kynurenic acid measurement
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6067277 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

1 measured of 1 human assays (2 total across all organisms); most potent 1 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
CHEMBL5653589	KD	1440 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

4 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4 total, top 4 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
6.96	Kd	110.4	nM	CHEMBL3752910
6.96	ED50	110.4	nM	CHEMBL3752910
5.76	Kd	1737	nM	CHEMBL5653589
5.76	ED50	1737	nM	CHEMBL5653589

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 4 total; 2 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
4-methyl-3-[(1-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2147987: Binding affinity to human CAND1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	0.1104	uM
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2147987: Binding affinity to human CAND1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	1.7373	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

56 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	4
bisphenol A	decreases expression, increases expression	2
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Caffeine	decreases expression, decreases phosphorylation	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
lead acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects localization	1
zinc protoporphyrin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	increases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
entinostat	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
nutlin 3	affects cotreatment, increases secretion	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
LDN 193189	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Vehicle Emissions	increases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases mutagenesis	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5651029	Binding	Binding affinity to human CAND1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	NVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — *ChemMedChem*

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 300 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	Phase 4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	Phase 4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
NCT01673984	Phase 4	TERMINATED	GP Extended Action Triptorelin
NCT01753297	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Immediate 9 Months Adjuvant Hormone Therapy With Triptorelin 11.25 mg Versus Active Surveillance After Radical Prostatectomy in High Risk Prostate Cancer Patients.
NCT01794793	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study to Allow Access to Pasireotide for Patients Benefiting From Pasireotide Treatment in Novartis-sponsored Studies
NCT01950871	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Prostate Guided Biopsy Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Performance of Prostate HistoScanning
NCT01995513	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Safety Study of Continued Enzalutamide Treatment In Prostate Cancer Patients
NCT02102646	Phase 4	COMPLETED	MRI Substudy; Metabolic Changes Due to Iatrogenic Hypogonadism
NCT02116582	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate Enzalutamide After Abiraterone in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
NCT02149628	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Propofol Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide
NCT02405858	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Abiraterone Acetate in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Participants Who Responded Poorly to the First-line Combined Androgen Blockade Therapy
NCT02441517	Phase 4	TERMINATED	A Study of Enzalutamide Re-treatment in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer After Docetaxel and/or Cabazitaxel Treatment
NCT02441894	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Combination of Cabazitaxel With Prednisolone With Primary Prophylaxis With PEG-G-CSF in Treatment of Patients With Prostate Cancer
NCT02475057	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Endothelial Function in Prostate Cancer Patients on Degarelix vs. Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists
NCT02511665	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Metformin And Longevity
NCT02651948	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Transperineal, MRI-guided, Prostate Biopsy
NCT02721433	Phase 4	COMPLETED	4-weekly Versus 12-weekly Administration of Bone-targeted Agents in Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT02726009	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Trial to Evaluate Safety of Firmagon® (Degarelix) in Indian Patients Diagnosed With Advanced Hormone-dependent Prostate Cancer
NCT02749825	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Comparison of Trelstar Versus Lupron or Zoladex in Advanced Prostate Cancer
NCT02757365	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Efficiency Study of Aspirin to Prevent the Occurrence of Prostate Cancer
NCT02773251	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Guardix-solution for the Prevention of Postoperative Intestinal Adhesion and Intestinal Obstruction After Laparoscopic Pelvic Cavity Surgery
NCT02812186	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Deep Versus Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade During Laparoscopic Surgery

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for CAND1 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.