CAPN14

Summary

CAPN14 (calpain 14, HGNC:16664) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p23.1, encoding Calpain-14 (A8MX76). Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease.

Calpains are a family of cytosolic calcium-activated cysteine proteases involved in a variety of cellular processes including apoptosis, cell division, modulation of integrin-cytoskeletal interactions, and synaptic plasticity (Dear et al., 2000 [PubMed 10964513]). CAPN14 belongs to the calpain large subunit family.

Source: NCBI Gene 440854 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 159 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001145122

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:16664
Approved symbol	CAPN14
Name	calpain 14
Location	2p23.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000214711
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610229
Entrez	440854

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 2 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000398824, ENST00000403897, ENST00000944770

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001145122 NM_001145122, NM_001321270

CCDS: CCDS46254

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000403897 — 22 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001535159	31201862	31201998
ENSE00001558806	31217456	31217515
ENSE00001772075	31202134	31202252
ENSE00001792779	31203070	31203139
ENSE00001896824	31173056	31174707
ENSE00002224663	31205223	31205499
ENSE00003470526	31193131	31193294
ENSE00003502361	31186428	31186485
ENSE00003513620	31194409	31194483
ENSE00003514953	31188318	31188354
ENSE00003527385	31191399	31191407
ENSE00003531623	31197249	31197334
ENSE00003538065	31177026	31177142
ENSE00003560384	31187758	31187814
ENSE00003578046	31189273	31189478
ENSE00003582110	31200451	31200625
ENSE00003594339	31178511	31178579
ENSE00003622671	31177746	31177821
ENSE00003664099	31176587	31176642
ENSE00003673166	31199470	31199532
ENSE00003678738	31180936	31181000
ENSE00003693652	31191935	31192098

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 116 present calls, max score 99.35.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.2712 / max 218.5143, expressed in 27 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
27680	0.2712	27

Top tissues by expression

207 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.35	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	97.71	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	96.69	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	96.22	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	92.58	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	84.73	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	75.72	silver quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	73.09	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	72.65	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	70.93	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	61.98	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	60.75	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	60.34	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	60.20	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	60.09	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	59.63	silver quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	59.22	silver quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	57.69	silver quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	55.70	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	55.11	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	54.89	silver quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	54.42	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	53.77	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	53.54	silver quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	53.16	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	52.96	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	52.54	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	52.51	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	52.40	silver quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	52.18	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	4.54

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

48 targeting CAPN14, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-507	99.97	70.11	1915
HSA-MIR-146A-5P	99.96	68.93	988
HSA-MIR-146B-5P	99.96	69.13	977
HSA-MIR-7153-5P	99.94	68.89	1006
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-8063	99.91	69.76	3146
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-6515-3P	99.82	68.19	1933
HSA-MIR-4760-5P	99.80	69.88	1619
HSA-MIR-6505-5P	99.73	69.25	1595
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-3934-5P	99.67	64.04	846
HSA-MIR-8061	99.63	69.44	1411
HSA-MIR-3942-3P	99.57	69.03	2854
HSA-MIR-548G-3P	99.48	68.67	2159
HSA-MIR-5009-3P	99.45	69.43	1341
HSA-MIR-20A-3P	99.44	69.10	1575
HSA-MIR-208A-5P	99.42	70.83	1913
HSA-MIR-208B-5P	99.42	70.83	1952
HSA-MIR-32-3P	99.36	68.20	2517
HSA-MIR-6734-3P	99.15	66.27	1627
HSA-MIR-6768-3P	99.14	67.38	1319
HSA-MIR-5100	99.11	67.52	1098
HSA-MIR-4699-5P	98.99	67.50	1210
HSA-MIR-5701	98.97	69.54	1502
HSA-MIR-153-3P	98.96	72.51	1644
HSA-MIR-6829-5P	98.86	65.12	1480

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• Eosinophilic esophagitis was associate with increased expression of CAPN14. (PMID:25407941)
• CAPN14 is a unique protease with distinct tissue-specific expression and function in patients with EoE and is a potential therapeutic target for EoE and related eosinophilic and allergic diseases (PMID:28131390)
• The risk variant (SNP) in CAPN14 promoter dampens CAPN14 expression in differentiated esophageal epithelial cells following IL-13/STAT6 induction of CAPN14 promoter activity. (PMID:30626591)
• Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Comprehensive Review of the Genetic and Molecular Aspects. (PMID:33008138)
• Very early onset eosinophilic esophagitis is common, responds to standard therapy, and demonstrates enrichment for CAPN14 genetic variants. (PMID:33446329)

Cross-species orthologs

13 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	zgc:136872	ENSDARG00000008553
danio_rerio	si:ch211-202f3.3	ENSDARG00000052917
danio_rerio	zgc:162184	ENSDARG00000077217
danio_rerio	si:ch211-202f3.4	ENSDARG00000091723
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000542
caenorhabditis_elegans	clp-3	WBGENE00000544
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000546
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000547
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00006606
caenorhabditis_elegans	clp-8	WBGENE00009695
caenorhabditis_elegans	clpr-3	WBGENE00010417
caenorhabditis_elegans	clpr-1	WBGENE00012233
caenorhabditis_elegans	clpr-3	WBGENE00013184

Paralogs (20): CAPN1 (ENSG00000014216), SRI (ENSG00000075142), CAPN6 (ENSG00000077274), CAPN3 (ENSG00000092529), CAPN15 (ENSG00000103326), GCA (ENSG00000115271), ADGB (ENSG00000118492), CAPNS1 (ENSG00000126247), CAPN7 (ENSG00000131375), CAPN9 (ENSG00000135773), CAPN11 (ENSG00000137225), CAPN10 (ENSG00000142330), CAPN5 (ENSG00000149260), PEF1 (ENSG00000162517), CAPN2 (ENSG00000162909), CAPN13 (ENSG00000162949), CAPN12 (ENSG00000182472), CAPN8 (ENSG00000203697), PDCD6 (ENSG00000249915), CAPNS2 (ENSG00000256812)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Calpain-14 — A8MX76 (reviewed: A8MX76)

Alternative names: Calcium-activated neutral proteinase 14

All UniProt accessions (2): A8MX76, F1LLU4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease.

Tissue specificity. Not expressed in tissues tested.

Similarity. Belongs to the peptidase C2 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
A8MX76-1	1	yes
A8MX76-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001138594, NP_001308199 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000169	Pept_cys_AS	Active_site
IPR001300	Peptidase_C2_calpain_cat	Domain
IPR002048	EF_hand_dom	Domain
IPR011992	EF-hand-dom_pair	Homologous_superfamily
IPR018247	EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS	Binding_site
IPR022682	Calpain_domain_III	Domain
IPR022683	Calpain_III	Domain
IPR022684	Calpain_cysteine_protease	Family
IPR033883	C2_III	Domain
IPR036213	Calpain_III_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR038765	Papain-like_cys_pep_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00648, PF01067

UniProt features (18 total): binding site 5, domain 4, active site 3, region of interest 3, splice variant 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-A8MX76-F1	86.02	0.55

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3): 278; 101; 254

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (5): 570; 572; 574; 576; 581

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1474228	Degradation of the extracellular matrix
R-HSA-1474244	Extracellular matrix organization

MSigDB gene sets: 38 (showing top): GOMF_CYSTEINE_TYPE_PEPTIDASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_PROTEOLYSIS, GOMF_PEPTIDASE_ACTIVITY, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOMF_CALCIUM_DEPENDENT_CYSTEINE_TYPE_ENDOPEPTIDASE_ACTIVITY, NFKBIA_TARGET_GENES, ZNF618_TARGET_GENES, ZSCAN30_TARGET_GENES, ZSCAN31_TARGET_GENES, MIR4729, MIR8068, MIR205_3P, MIR3942_3P, MIR4760_5P, MIR6505_5P

GO Biological Process (1): proteolysis (GO:0006508)

GO Molecular Function (6): calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004198), calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), peptidase activity (GO:0008233), cysteine-type peptidase activity (GO:0008234), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (1): cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Extracellular matrix organization	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein metabolic process	1
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	1
metal ion binding	1
hydrolase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
peptidase activity	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

971 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CAPN14	DSG1	Q02413	700
CAPN14	CCL26	Q9Y258	667
CAPN14	TSLP	Q969D9	622
CAPN14	EMSY	Q7Z589	600
CAPN14	CDH26	Q8IXH8	584
CAPN14	FLG	P20930	581
CAPN14	SPINK7	P58062	580
CAPN14	ANKRD27	Q96NW4	574
CAPN14	LRRC31	Q6UY01	571
CAPN14	FLG2	Q5D862	571
CAPN14	EPC2	Q52LR7	557
CAPN14	WDR36	Q8NI36	520
CAPN14	GALNT14	Q96FL9	506
CAPN14	CALML6	Q8TD86	501
CAPN14	CALML5	Q9NZT1	501
CAPN14	CALML4	Q96GE6	501

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

BioGRID (2): CAPN3 (Negative Genetic), CAPN14 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8C2MDK8, A0A8I6GM68, A6H751, A7YY46, A8MX76, D3YXS5, D3ZBP4, D3ZEY4, E7F9T0, E9QAM5, F1MH07, F1QCV2, F8WLE0, P16452, P23249, P48760, P49222, P52824, Q2NKY8, Q2QWU2, Q3SYT1, Q3ZBE0, Q4R380, Q50L43, Q5BJS0, Q5NCQ5, Q5R607, Q5RKI3, Q5ZI74, Q69ZP3, Q6P5E8, Q6ZSI9, Q7L2E3, Q8BX80, Q8N490, Q8NFD2, Q8NFI3, Q8TDZ2, Q8TE96, Q8VDP3

Diamond homologs: A6NHC0, A8MX76, G3V7W1, O08529, O08688, O14815, O15484, O23184, O35350, O35646, O35920, O75808, O88456, O88501, P00789, P04574, P04632, P05044, P06813, P06814, P06815, P07384, P13135, P16259, P17655, P20807, P27398, P27730, P28676, P30626, P34308, P35750, P43367, P43368, P51186, P97571, Q07009, Q11002, Q22036, Q27970

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

159 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	127
Likely benign	12
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2865 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:31177024:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31177025:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31186426:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31186427:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31187753:CTAA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31187754:TAACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31187812:CTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:31187813:TCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:31187816:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:31188355:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:31189271:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31189272:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31189286:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31189359:C:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31191930:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31191931:CTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31191932:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31191933:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31191933:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31191934:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31192094:TGTGT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:31192099:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:31193129:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31193130:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31194431:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31199465:CCCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31199467:CAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31199468:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:31199468:ACCTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:31199469:CCTTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4526 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:31194411:G:C	F316L	0.991
2:31194411:G:T	F316L	0.991
2:31194413:A:G	F316L	0.991
2:31205237:A:G	W71R	0.988
2:31205237:A:T	W71R	0.988
2:31189308:G:C	F486L	0.981
2:31189308:G:T	F486L	0.981
2:31189310:A:G	F486L	0.981
2:31201873:C:A	K180N	0.981
2:31201873:C:G	K180N	0.981
2:31201875:T:G	K180Q	0.981
2:31201876:T:A	E179D	0.981
2:31201876:T:G	E179D	0.981
2:31205235:C:A	W71C	0.981
2:31205235:C:G	W71C	0.981
2:31202137:G:C	F137L	0.979
2:31202137:G:T	F137L	0.979
2:31202139:A:G	F137L	0.979
2:31201893:A:G	W174R	0.977
2:31201893:A:T	W174R	0.977
2:31205301:G:C	F49L	0.977
2:31205301:G:T	F49L	0.977
2:31205303:A:G	F49L	0.977
2:31201955:C:G	R153P	0.976
2:31202143:G:C	F135L	0.976
2:31202143:G:T	F135L	0.976
2:31202145:A:G	F135L	0.976
2:31197271:A:G	W285R	0.975
2:31197271:A:T	W285R	0.975
2:31201952:A:G	L154P	0.974

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000022165 (2:31177956 A>G), RS1000053213 (2:31177718 C>G), RS1000088910 (2:31220308 G>A,C), RS1000145610 (2:31209998 C>T), RS1000372712 (2:31225200 C>G), RS1000387407 (2:31230825 T>C), RS1000423002 (2:31204364 T>C), RS1000514769 (2:31210918 G>A), RS1000536628 (2:31173915 T>C), RS1000538283 (2:31209854 T>C), RS1000609770 (2:31210961 T>C), RS1000612998 (2:31214813 TG>T), RS1000692348 (2:31205863 G>A), RS1000865830 (2:31184412 C>A,T), RS1000882377 (2:31184738 T>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610229 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976)

Orphanet (1): Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Orphanet:803)

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0007354	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

GWAS associations

10 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002527_3	Eosinophilic esophagitis	3.000000e-10
GCST002697_1	Eosinophilic esophagitis	5.000000e-10
GCST004368_4	Endometriosis	6.000000e-07
GCST011387_2	Vaginal microbiome composition (L. iners)	2.000000e-06
GCST011387_3	Vaginal microbiome composition (L. iners)	4.000000e-06
GCST012380_1	Eosinophilic esophagitis	2.000000e-06
GCST012381_1	Eosinophilic esophagitis	3.000000e-16
GCST90002401_370	Platelet distribution width	2.000000e-12
GCST90026416_13	Mild age-related type 2 diabetes	3.000000e-06
GCST90027899_1	Eosinophilic esophagitis	3.000000e-16

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0011013	vaginal microbiome measurement
EFO:0007984	platelet component distribution width

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D000690	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	C10.228.854.139; C10.574.562.250; C10.574.950.050; C10.668.467.250; C18.452.845.800.050

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Nickel	increases expression	2
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	decreases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Lead	increases expression	1
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00542412	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CARE Canadian ALS Riluzole Evaluation
NCT00560287	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Non-Invasive Ventilation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
NCT00613899	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Feasibility of Telesurveillance and Home Cough Assistance for Amyotrophic Lateral Patients (ALS)
NCT04997954	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	EMERALD TRIAL Open Label Extension Study
NCT06849115	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of L-Carnitine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients With CHCHD10 Mutations
NCT07223723	PHASE4	RECRUITING	A Study to Learn More About the Long-Term Safety of Tofersen (Qalsody) in Chinese Participants With SOD-1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
NCT00021697	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety/Efficacy of AVP-923 in the Treatment of Emotional Lability (Uncontrolled Crying & Laughing) in Patients With ALS
NCT00035815	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Trial
NCT00047723	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Minocycline to Treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
NCT00069186	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Study of Creatine Monohydrate in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
NCT00136110	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Trial of Sodium Valproate in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
NCT00330681	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of MCI-186 for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
NCT00349622	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial Ceftriaxone in Subjects With ALS
NCT00372879	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial of Vitamin E to Treat Muscular Cramps in Patients With ALS
NCT00415519	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of MCI-186 for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Who Met Severity Classification III
NCT00424463	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Expanded Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of MCI-186 in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
NCT00839033	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Evaluation of a Mechanical Device During Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients With Neuromuscular Disorders
NCT00868166	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of TRO19622 as add-on Therapy to Riluzole Versus Placebo in Treatment of Patients Suffering From ALS
NCT00965497	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Escitalopram (Lexapro) for Depression MS or ALS
NCT01016522	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Safety and Tolerability of the Ketogenic Diet in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
NCT01160263	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Controls
NCT01281189	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase 3 Study of Dexpramipexole in ALS
NCT01492686	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase 3 Study of MCI-186 for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
NCT01583088	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Early Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Phrenic Stimulation
NCT01622088	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Phase 3 Extension Study of Dexpramipexole in ALS
NCT02496767	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Ventilatory Investigation of Tirasemtiv and Assessment of Longitudinal Indices After Treatment for a Year
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