CASC2

Summary

CASC2 (cancer susceptibility 2, HGNC:22933) is a long non-coding RNA gene on chromosome 10q26.11. May act as a potential tumor suppressor.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (lncRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:22933
Approved symbol	CASC2
Name	cancer susceptibility 2
Location	10q26.11
Locus type	RNA, long non-coding
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000177640
Ensembl biotype	lncRNA
OMIM	608598
Entrez	255082
RNAcentral	URS000075B07A — lncRNA, 3284 nt, 1 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 26 — 26 lncRNA

ENST00000414722, ENST00000426021, ENST00000435944, ENST00000439517, ENST00000454781, ENST00000454857, ENST00000614455, ENST00000622752, ENST00000657543, ENST00000665675, ENST00000781591, ENST00000781592, ENST00000781593, ENST00000781594, ENST00000781595, ENST00000781596, ENST00000781597, ENST00000781598, ENST00000781599, ENST00000781600, ENST00000781601, ENST00000781602, ENST00000781603, ENST00000781604, ENST00000781605, ENST00000781606

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000414722 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001644747	118206522	118206659
ENSE00001653241	118046279	118046647
ENSE00001672903	118052131	118052196
ENSE00001765675	118049512	118049617

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 167 present calls, max score 85.58.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 2.7300 / max 108.5483, expressed in 958 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
107286	2.7300	958

Top tissues by expression

243 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	85.58	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	85.55	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	80.71	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	77.90	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	77.38	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	76.51	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	75.83	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	74.99	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	74.89	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	74.04	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	73.13	silver quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	73.08	silver quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	71.95	silver quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	71.28	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	71.18	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	71.12	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	71.09	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	71.08	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	70.97	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	70.61	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	69.57	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	69.34	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	69.28	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	69.10	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	68.79	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	68.06	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	67.96	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	67.93	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	67.68	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	67.49	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.25

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Identification of CASC2, in a region of common allelic loss at chromosome 10q26 in endometrial cancer. (PMID:15024726)
• CASC2 plays a tumor suppressive role in glioma via negative regulation of miR-21, which may be a novel therapeutic target for treating gliomas. (PMID:25446261)
• CASC2 is involved in the development and progression of NSCLC. (PMID:26790438)
• Study in clinical samples and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines demonstrates that CASC2 is downregulated, and the downregulation of CASC2 is significantly associated with advanced pathological stage in patients with CRC. Overexpression of CASC2 is able to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth. These findings suggest that CASC2 plays a critical role in the modulation of CRC progression. (PMID:27198161)
• CASC2 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in RCC. CASC2 is directly targeted by miR21, and ectopic CASC2 expression inhibits proliferation and migration of RCC cells. (PMID:27222255)
• LncRNA CASC2 Interacts With miR-181a to Modulate Glioma Growth and Resistance to TMZ Through PTEN Pathway (PMID:28121023)
• lncRNA CASC2 plays an pivotal role in bladder tumorigenesis and progression and may act as a potential biomarker for the treatment of bladder cancer. (PMID:28199978)
• Patients who possessed both low CASC2c and high miR-101 had a longer survival. (PMID:28252647)
• Our findings demonstrate that CASC2 could be a useful tumour suppressor factor and a promising therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:28621238)
• CASC2 may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target. (PMID:28654795)
• FBXW7 was a downstream target of miR-367 and CASC2 prohibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition progression and subsequently exerted its anti-metastatic effects via CASC2/miR-367/FBXW7 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (PMID:28716020)
• the present study indicated the important roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs CASC2 on gastric cancer. (PMID:28849111)
• these findings will shed light on the role and mechanism of HNF1A/CASC2 in regulating pancreatic cancer cells proliferation through PTEN/Akt signaling. (PMID:28865121)
• LncRNA CASC2 inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells through regulating miR-24-3p. (PMID:29091305)
• CASC2 is downregulated in gliomas, resulting in increased miR-193a-5p level and a decrease in mTOR expression, which further induces protective autophagy, leading to temozolomide resistance. (PMID:29136760)
• Downregulation of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 facilitates osteosarcoma growth and invasion through miR-181a (PMID:29194827)
• The present study reported that CASC2 may inhibit osteosarcoma development. Osteosarcoma tissues demonstrated reduced CASC2 expression compared with normal adjacent tissues. In addition, CASC2 transduction may decrease proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cell lines whereas knockdown of CASC2 displayed opposing effects. (PMID:29257211)
• Investigated RNA-binding region-containing protein 1 (RNPC1) action on signal pathways and disease progression in lung cancer samples and cells. Found RNPC1 acts to downregulate the miR-181a mediated inhibition of cancer susceptibility 2 (CASC2) expression in lung cancer. Results show RNPC1 inhibits NSCLC progression in a miR-181a/CASC2 axis-dependent manner. (PMID:29288351)
• We therefore investigated the effects of CASC2 expression on NF-kappaB pathway activity. Ultimately, we determined that CASC2 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell activity by targeting miR-362-5p and thus inhibiting the NF-kappaB pathway (PMID:29319182)
• CASC2 competes with SPRY2 for miR-183 binding to rescue the expression of SPRY2 in PC cells, thus enhancing the sensitivity of PC cells to docetaxel through SPRY2 downstream ERK signaling pathway (PMID:29373811)
• Upregulated CASC2 may inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating miR-18a-5p and its target gene RUNX1 in MM. (PMID:29422114)
• a CASC2/miR-24/miR-221 axis, which can affect the TRAIL resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating caspase 3/8, is reported. (PMID:29476051)
• Results indicate that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CASC2 can promote PLXNC1 expression by sponging miR-181a, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. (PMID:29514220)
• lncRNA CASC2 was a key factor in the tumorigenesis. (PMID:29523222)
• Long Non-Coding RNA CASC2 Improves Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting JNK Pathway. (PMID:29890555)
• LncRNA CASC2 inhibited breast cancer cell growth and metastasis through the regulation of the miR-96-5p/SYVN1 signaling pathway.LncRNA CASC2 expression is downregulated in breast cancer tissues. (PMID:30106139)
• The low CASC2 expression was correlated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics of cancer tumors, and CASC2 may thus be a potential prognostic biomarker in human cancer. However, more studies are needed to further corroborate these findings. (PMID:30144439)
• Compared with healthy controls, expression of lncRNA CASC2 in serum and renal tissue was specifically downregulated in patients with type 2 diabetes combined with chronic renal failure but not in type 2 diabetic patients combined with other complications. (PMID:30171178)
• Overexpression of CASC2 promoted cell apoptosis and suppressed cell growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:30362539)
• CASC2 overexpression overcame cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer by sponging miR-19a. (PMID:30372881)
• In this study, the expression of lncRNA CASC2 in tumor tissues, adjacent healthy tissues, and plasma of 122 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients as well as in plasma of 52 healthy controls was detected by RT-qPCR. We conclude that downregulation of lncRNA CASC2 may participate in the postoperative local recurrence of early OSCC through miRNA-21. (PMID:30467776)
• CASC2 downregulation promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptotic cell death in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. In contrast, CASC2 upregulation inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis. There were putative binding sites of miR18a5p in the promoter of CASC2. The level of miR18a5p was upregulated in NPC tissues and cells. CASC2 could directly bind with miR18a5p and inhibit miR18a5p expression. (PMID:30569153)
• Low CASC2 expression is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma. (PMID:30609134)
• LncRNA CASC2 was upregulated in cells treated with berberine, and knockdown of lncRNA CASC2 reversed the berberine-induced apoptosis. (PMID:30681073)
• CASC2c may serve as a new biomarker and therapeutic target in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (PMID:31300295)
• data demonstrated that E2F6 could regulate the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma (GC) cells via inhibiting the expression of CASC2, suggesting that E2F6/CASC2 axis is another regulator of GC progression (PMID:31301415)
• lncRNA CASC2 activated paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer through regulation of miR-18a-5p/CDK19 (PMID:31352515)
• Long noncoding RNA CASC2c inhibited cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma by inactivated ERK1/2 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. (PMID:31625123)
• Overexpression of CASC2 overcame cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating miR-222 expression, thereby providing a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming HCC cell chemoresistance. (PMID:31633393)
• Long noncoding RNA CASC2 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth and progression by regulating the miR24/MUC6 axis. (PMID:31894271)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.