CAST

Summary

CAST (calpastatin, HGNC:1515) is a long non-coding RNA gene on chromosome 5q15. Specific inhibition of calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease).

The protein encoded by this gene is an endogenous calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease) inhibitor. It consists of an N-terminal domain L and four repetitive calpain-inhibition domains (domains 1-4), and it is involved in the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein. The calpain/calpastatin system is involved in numerous membrane fusion events, such as neural vesicle exocytosis and platelet and red-cell aggregation. The encoded protein is also thought to affect the expression levels of genes encoding structural or regulatory proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Source: NCBI Gene 831 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (lncRNA) — no protein product.
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 48 tissues, sQTL in 50 (q < 0.05)
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.21 (unconstrained)

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1515
Approved symbol	CAST
Name	calpastatin
Location	5q15
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000153113
Ensembl biotype	lncRNA
OMIM	114090
Entrez	831

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 11 lncRNA

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 2: 1, TSL 3: 2, TSL 4: 1, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000502645, ENST00000507997, ENST00000511775, ENST00000513158, ENST00000513926, ENST00000718075, ENST00000718076, ENST00000718077, ENST00000718089, ENST00000718090, ENST00000718092

RefSeq mRNA: 0

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000502645 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002030802	96379566	96379652
ENSE00002058049	96318473	96318544
ENSE00002082950	95962001	95962036
ENSE00002459286	96308724	96308882
ENSE00004034055	96110934	96111005
ENSE00004034056	96381043	96381384

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 301 present calls, max score 99.48.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.4512 / max 65.3159, expressed in 153 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): calcaneal tendon, bronchial epithelial cell, colonic epithelium, penis, synovial joint.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

CAST is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 48 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 50 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 98 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Adipose Subcutaneous	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.49	5:96740783:G:A
Adipose Visceral Omentum	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.45	5:96740783:G:A
Artery Tibial	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.51	5:96740783:G:A
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.56	5:96740783:G:A
Esophagus Mucosa	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.59	5:96740783:G:A
Lung	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.52	5:96740783:G:A
Muscle Skeletal	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.52	5:96740783:G:A
Nerve Tibial	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.49	5:96740783:G:A
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.51	5:96740783:G:A
Thyroid	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.53	5:96740783:G:A
Whole Blood	sqtl	0.0e+00	+1.57	5:96740783:G:A
Esophagus Muscularis	sqtl	3.7e-313	+1.52	5:96740783:G:A
Breast Mammary Tissue	sqtl	1.3e-291	+1.53	5:96740783:G:A
Colon Transverse	sqtl	2.0e-288	+1.54	5:96725995:C:T
Heart Atrial Appendage	sqtl	5.0e-278	+1.55	5:96740783:G:A
Artery Aorta	sqtl	6.2e-262	+1.43	5:96725995:C:T
Heart Left Ventricle	sqtl	3.6e-221	+1.63	5:96740783:G:A
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	sqtl	3.7e-211	+1.49	5:96740783:G:A
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction	sqtl	6.3e-208	+1.52	5:96725995:C:T
Colon Sigmoid	sqtl	9.3e-178	+1.56	5:96725995:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

showing 10 of 29 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
57691	31.0303	1741
57683	21.0097	1716
57685	11.9371	1575
57684	10.1740	1542
57687	7.8136	1367
57692	6.1030	1526
57686	4.1457	1394
57680	2.8925	1240
57678	2.7366	1235
57682	2.4591	1168

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 301 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	99.48	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	99.39	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	99.34	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	99.33	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	99.25	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	99.23	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.23	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	99.21	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	99.20	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	99.12	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	99.09	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	99.08	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	99.07	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	99.05	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	99.04	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	99.03	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	99.00	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	98.98	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	98.98	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	98.96	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	98.94	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	98.93	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	98.92	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	98.91	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	98.89	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	98.89	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	98.87	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	98.86	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	98.81	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	98.81	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	98.78	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	98.77	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	98.77	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	98.77	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	98.77	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	98.75	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	98.74	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	98.73	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	98.71	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	98.71	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	98.71	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	98.70	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	98.69	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	98.69	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	98.68	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	98.67	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	98.66	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	98.62	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	98.61	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	98.61	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	98.60	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	98.59	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	98.57	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	98.56	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	98.53	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	98.53	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	98.52	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	98.52	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	98.51	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	98.50	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	98.50	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	98.50	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	98.49	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	98.47	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	98.45	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	98.44	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	98.44	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	98.44	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	98.42	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	98.42	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	98.41	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	98.39	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	98.38	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	98.33	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	98.32	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	98.32	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	98.32	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	98.31	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	98.31	gold quality
eye	UBERON:0000970	98.27	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	98.26	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	98.26	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	98.25	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	98.25	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	98.25	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	98.23	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	98.22	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	98.22	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	98.22	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	98.22	gold quality
artery	UBERON:0001637	98.20	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	98.20	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	98.17	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	98.13	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	98.12	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	98.11	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	98.10	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	98.10	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	98.09	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	98.09	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-112	yes	23.61
E-MTAB-9388	yes	11.26
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Low tissue specificity

showing 60 of 80 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Esophagus	tissue	322.1	medium
Heart muscle	tissue	284.3	medium
Skeletal muscle	tissue	184.2	medium
Vagina	tissue	175.3	medium
Tongue	tissue	155.3
Colon	tissue	150.1	medium
Skin 1	tissue	148.7	medium
Rectum	tissue	139.3	medium
Adipose tissue	tissue	131.1	not detected
Small intestine	tissue	129.2	medium
Urinary bladder	tissue	121.0	medium
Duodenum	tissue	113.3	medium
Bone marrow	tissue	112.3	low
Liver	tissue	109.3	low
Placenta	tissue	108.8	medium
Choroid plexus	tissue	106.0
Lung	tissue	105.6	medium
Parathyroid gland	tissue	105.0	medium
Tonsil	tissue	97.9	medium
Stomach 1	tissue	94.9	medium
Prostate	tissue	94.1	medium
Testis	tissue	92.4	medium
Thyroid gland	tissue	91.6	medium
Smooth muscle	tissue	86.2	medium
Locus coeruleus	tissue	83.4
Appendix	tissue	81.2	medium
Breast	tissue	76.7	medium
Salivary gland	tissue	75.1	medium
Kidney	tissue	75.0	medium
Fallopian tube	tissue	74.8	medium
Seminal vesicle	tissue	74.2	medium
Gallbladder	tissue	73.8	medium
Ovary	tissue	67.8	low
Endometrium 1	tissue	63.9	medium
Cervix	tissue	61.1	medium
Spleen	tissue	60.4	not detected
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	56.6
Adrenal gland	tissue	54.5	medium
Spinal cord	tissue	54.0
Pancreas	tissue	52.9	medium
Hippocampus	tissue	50.8	not detected
Lymph node	tissue	49.5	medium
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	46.7
Epididymis	tissue	46.1	medium
Pituitary gland	tissue	44.6
Superior colliculi	tissue	44.5
Thymus	tissue	40.3
Medulla oblongata	tissue	35.9
Substantia nigra	tissue	35.2
Thalamus	tissue	34.4
Pons	tissue	33.8
Midbrain	tissue	30.9
Hypothalamus	tissue	28.4
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	28.3
Corpus callosum	tissue	26.1
Cerebral cortex	tissue	25.9	low
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	25.9
Septum	tissue	25.1
Hippocampal formation	tissue	24.8
Occipital cortex	tissue	23.2

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 390; highest nTPM — Blood vessel (133.6), Nucleus raphe pallidus (89.0), Spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar (82.5), Area postrema (82.3), Kolliker-Fuse nucleus (82.0).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPB, JUN, MYC, NFKBIA

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 6.05e-05, LOEUF 1.21, missense Z -0.461 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• involved in the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein, which is thought to be abnormal in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (PMID:11849768)
• Overexpression of calpastatin reduced muscle atrophy during 10 day unloading period. Overexpression completely prevented shift in myofibrillar myosin content from slow to fast isoforms, which normally occurs in muscle unloading. (PMID:12482888)
• insights into how the calpain/calpastatin network is spatially and temporally regulated in cells binding to the extracellular matrix (PMID:14559243)
• calpastatin and calpain-1 represent critical proximal elements in a cascade of pro-apoptotic events leading to Bax, mitochondria, and caspase-3 activation (PMID:14612448)
• Calpastatin amino acid side chains at leucine-11 and isoleucine-18 interact with hydrophobic pockets in calpain, and each of these interactions is indispensable for effective inhibition of calpain. (PMID:14992597)
• Overexpression of calpastatin in transgenic mice is associated with an increase in GLUT4 protein. (PMID:15014085)
• A complete calpain-calpastatin system is expressed in the human oocyte and may play a role in the various calcium-mediated processes occurring during activation of human oocytes. (PMID:15950654)
• CS(L) modulates Ca2+-channel activity through interacting with the calmodulin-binding site on the C-terminal tail of the Cav1.2 channel. (PMID:17950697)
• The activity of calpain in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, was estimated by assessing the levels of limited proteolysis of calpastatin. (PMID:18165173)
• Results suggest a regulation on the calpain-calpastatin expression response to muscle damaging eccentric exercise, but not concentric exercise. (PMID:18340456)
• genetically determined IL-1alpha levels may modulate transcription of calpain and calpastatin (PMID:18498295)
• NMR data of calapastin tripartite binding mode to capain induced by calcium were presented. (PMID:18519038)
• performed a full NMR assignment of hCSD1 to characterize it in its solution state (PMID:18537264)
• c-Myc regulates calpain activity through calpastatin; apoptosis induced by calpain inhibition is dependent on c-Myc, and calpastatin knockdown promotes transformation in c-Myc-negative cells (PMID:18544539)
• Proof of concept that the calpastatin-based reagents may be useful to selectively detect the active conformation of calpain. (PMID:18793761)
• Role of the calpain-calpastatin system in the density-dependent growth arrest. (PMID:18809371)
• recruitment of calpastatin into aggregates allows translocation and activation of protease to the membranes; on the contrary, the presence of large amounts of calpastatin in the cytosol prevents both processes, protecting the cell from proteolysis (PMID:19103264)
• Overexpression of calpain-2 and low expression of calpastatin may involve in the pathological development of stress urinary incontinence. (PMID:19756344)
• A confirmation study reports that a single nucleotide polymorphism and CAST are associated with Parkinson disease. (PMID:20127884)
• Variations in CAST gene is associated with femoral neck Low bone mineral density. (PMID:21424381)
• The data supports the hypothesis that calpastatin may play a role in regulating the initial metastatic dissemination of breast cancer. (PMID:21531560)
• intervertebral discs at early stages of degeneration expressed low levels of calpastatin, and few cells expressed degenerative enzymes. At more advanced stages of degeneration, expression and number of cells immunopositive for calpastatin were higher (PMID:21839844)
• CSL competes with CaM as a partial agonist for the site in the IQ domain in the C-terminal region of the Cav1.2 channel, which may be involved in activation of the channel. (PMID:21937422)
• calpain basal activity becomes measurable at a significant extent in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cystic fibrosis patients due to a 40-60% decrease in both calpastatin protein and inhibitory activity (PMID:21983488)
• calpastatin-calpain balance varied during Th-1,2, and -17 development; overexpression of a domain of calpastatin suppressed production of IL-6 and IL-17 by Th cells and of IL-6 by fibroblasts; suppression of IL-6 occurred by reducing NF-kappaB signaling (PMID:22046434)
• Neuronal overexpression of calpastatin modulates amyloid precursor protein processing in brains of transgenic beta-amyloid depositing mice. (PMID:22206846)
• Mycoplasma hyorhinis membrane lipoproteins induce calpastatin upregulation in human cells (PMID:22288381)
• Calpastatin overexpression reduces calpain-mediated proteolysis and behavioral impairment after traumatic brain injury. (PMID:22572592)
• The results suggest that calpain-2 and calpastatin expression is important in pancreatic cancers, influencing disease progression (PMID:23140395)
• Linkage analysis and genetic association support involvement of CAST gene in the genetic susceptibility to keratoconus. (PMID:23449483)
• HER2 inhibited calpain-1 activity through upregulating calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor. (PMID:23707532)
• Calpastatin gene (CAST) is not associated with late onset sporadic Parkinson’s disease in the Han Chinese population. (PMID:23951044)
• Calpastatin binds with Cav1.2 amino acid motifs in a calcium dependent manner. (PMID:24462690)
• Loss of CAST in angiogenic ECs facilitates mu-calpain-induced SOCS3 degradation, which amplifies pathological angiogenesis through interleukin-6/STAT3/VEGF-C axis. (PMID:25648699)
• We describe PLACK syndrome, as a clinical entity of defective epidermal adhesion, caused by loss-of-function mutations in calpastatin. (PMID:25683118)
• calpains and calpastatin in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and mice with hypoxic or spontaneous (SM22-5HTT(+) strain) PH, were investigated. (PMID:26974350)
• Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reduces CAST (calpastatin) and consequently decreases ATG5 expression in both THP-1 monocytoid cells and primary monocytes. (PMID:27715410)
• single nucleotide polymorphisms in CAST gene confer risk for keratoconus susceptibility in Han Chinese population (PMID:29428799)
• Unexpected role of the L-domain of calpastatin during the autoproteolytic activation of human erythrocyte calpain. (PMID:29572388)
• Low CAST expression is associated with ovarian cancer. (PMID:30448882)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1098236) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 19 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
abnormal myocardial fiber morphology	1
abnormal nail morphology	1
abnormal gait	1
decreased startle reflex	1
increased circulating phosphate level	1
abnormal heart rate	1
abnormal digit morphology	1
dilated cardiomyopathy	1
increased heart weight	1
increased circulating alanine transaminase level	1
abnormal heart left ventricle morphology	1
decreased heart rate	1
decreased heart ventricle muscle contractility	1
increased circulating sodium level	1
increased susceptibility to neuronal excitotoxicity	1
decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic	1
abnormal limb position	1
decreased fasting circulating glucose level	1
decreased heart left ventricle muscle contractility	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Chlorocebus aethiops	P49342	96.1%	Diamond
Sus scrofa	P12675	77.2%	Diamond
Mus musculus	P51125	76.1%	Diamond
Rattus norvegicus	P27321	75.9%	Diamond
Oryctolagus cuniculus	P08855	75.6%	Diamond
Bos taurus	P20811	73.6%	Diamond
Ovis aries	Q95208	69.6%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
ELL2	protein-coding	22936
MIR583	ncRNA	693168
PCSK1	protein-coding	5122
ERAP1	protein-coding	51752
LINC01554	ncRNA	202299
ERAP1-AS1	ncRNA	124901033
RHOBTB3	protein-coding	22836
GLRX	protein-coding	2745
ERAP2	protein-coding	64167
LNPEP	protein-coding	4012

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product.

Function

Gene-set membership (MSigDB)

This non-coding RNA is a member of 377 curated MSigDB gene sets — regulatory-target and signature collections that include it (it has no protein-based pathway / GO / interaction data).

WENDT_COHESIN_TARGETS_UP, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_ANAPLASTIC_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_EPITHELIAL_CELL_APOPTOTIC_PROCESS, BHATI_G2M_ARREST_BY_2METHOXYESTRADIOL_DN, HSIAO_HOUSEKEEPING_GENES, IVANOVA_HEMATOPOIESIS_MATURE_CELL, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, FOXD3_01, VART_KSHV_INFECTION_ANGIOGENIC_MARKERS_UP, WANG_ESOPHAGUS_CANCER_VS_NORMAL_DN, CDP_01, GOBP_CELL_JUNCTION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_EPITHELIAL_CELL_APOPTOTIC_PROCESS, LI_WILMS_TUMOR_VS_FETAL_KIDNEY_1_UP, WANG_RESPONSE_TO_BEXAROTENE_DN, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_6HR_UP, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_AND_CANCER_BOX2_DN, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_AND_CANCER_BOX5_DN, ATTCTTT_MIR186, GATA1_04, SCHLOSSER_SERUM_RESPONSE_DN, GOBP_EPITHELIAL_CELL_APOPTOTIC_PROCESS, NAKAMURA_TUMOR_ZONE_PERIPHERAL_VS_CENTRAL_DN, HNF1_C, TIEN_INTESTINE_PROBIOTICS_24HR_UP, RYTTCCTG_ETS2_B, ELK1_01, P300_01, YY1_01, GATA1_02, CUI_TCF21_TARGETS_2_DN, FOXJ2_02, PIT1_Q6, YIH_RESPONSE_TO_ARSENITE_C2, GTGACTT_MIR224, NAKAMURA_METASTASIS_MODEL_DN, TTTNNANAGCYR_UNKNOWN, CETS1P54_01, TTTGCAC_MIR19A_MIR19B, chr5q15, DURCHDEWALD_SKIN_CARCINOGENESIS_DN, PARENT_MTOR_SIGNALING_UP, TGGAAA_NFAT_Q4_01, YAGI_AML_WITH_11Q23_REARRANGED, GAVIN_FOXP3_TARGETS_CLUSTER_T7, ZHENG_BOUND_BY_FOXP3, MASSARWEH_TAMOXIFEN_RESISTANCE_UP, ZHENG_FOXP3_TARGETS_IN_THYMUS_UP, E2A_Q2, TAKAO_RESPONSE_TO_UVB_RADIATION_DN, GOMF_PEPTIDASE_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY, KRIGE_RESPONSE_TO_TOSEDOSTAT_24HR_UP, MGGAAGTG_GABP_B, NUYTTEN_NIPP1_TARGETS_DN, ETS_Q4, GOMF_ENZYME_INHIBITOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ENZYME_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY, GATA_C

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No curated drug or pharmacology associations for this gene.