CATSPERB

Summary

CATSPERB (catsper channel auxiliary subunit beta, HGNC:20500) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q32.12, encoding Cation channel sperm-associated auxiliary subunit beta (Q9H7T0). Auxiliary component of the CatSper complex, a complex involved in sperm cell hyperactivation.

Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation and spermatogenesis. Predicted to be located in sperm principal piece. Predicted to be part of CatSper complex. Predicted to be active in cilium.

Source: NCBI Gene 79820 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 12
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 149 total — 3 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_024764

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:20500
Approved symbol	CATSPERB
Name	catsper channel auxiliary subunit beta
Location	14q32.12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ14298
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000133962
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611169
Entrez	79820

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 5 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000256343, ENST00000553329, ENST00000553676, ENST00000554560, ENST00000556429, ENST00000556661, ENST00000556901, ENST00000557036

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_024764 NM_024764

CCDS: CCDS32142

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000256343 — 27 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001129343	91580698	91581107
ENSE00001399608	91691523	91691555
ENSE00001401920	91672867	91673016
ENSE00001402945	91674176	91674222
ENSE00001405243	91659837	91659981
ENSE00001407001	91669814	91669972
ENSE00001409406	91693384	91693479
ENSE00001411179	91704552	91704701
ENSE00001412428	91683877	91683943
ENSE00001415210	91693126	91693244
ENSE00001417071	91725080	91725168
ENSE00001420708	91729401	91729479
ENSE00001426899	91719418	91719478
ENSE00001429613	91708141	91708236
ENSE00001433203	91723049	91723189
ENSE00002445223	91731930	91732086
ENSE00003466848	91587202	91587276
ENSE00003506033	91589534	91589669
ENSE00003520120	91639096	91639250
ENSE00003541688	91636425	91636579
ENSE00003554761	91587978	91588078
ENSE00003556588	91624820	91625007
ENSE00003576646	91610480	91610677
ENSE00003581830	91617597	91617736
ENSE00003597714	91621608	91621937
ENSE00003646109	91591892	91592002
ENSE00003685466	91608294	91608404

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 123 present calls, max score 85.39.

Top tissues by expression

129 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	85.39	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	79.92	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.56	silver quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	76.50	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	74.70	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	74.40	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	73.58	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	72.31	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	71.97	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	71.72	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	71.19	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	69.45	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	69.03	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	67.22	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	66.56	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	66.42	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	65.71	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	64.80	silver quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	64.49	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	64.22	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	64.22	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	64.14	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	63.37	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	62.99	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	62.99	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	62.44	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	62.44	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	62.30	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	62.25	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	62.22	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6142	no	2.14
E-ANND-3	no	1.66
E-GEOD-124858	no	1.60

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

17 targeting CATSPERB, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-6508-5P	99.92	70.67	2465
HSA-MIR-8067	99.86	69.59	2260
HSA-MIR-448	99.79	72.37	2103
HSA-MIR-651-5P	99.64	68.49	1104
HSA-MIR-1290	99.59	69.90	2079
HSA-MIR-7844-5P	99.55	68.56	1428
HSA-MIR-543	99.52	69.03	2595
HSA-MIR-1276	99.36	68.18	1642
HSA-MIR-4311	99.31	70.47	3041
HSA-MIR-6739-3P	99.22	68.84	1843
HSA-MIR-583	98.71	67.44	1791
HSA-MIR-6842-3P	98.07	66.33	1325
HSA-MIR-708-3P	97.50	68.67	1082
HSA-MIR-4327	97.21	67.71	676

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Catsperb	ENSMUSG00000047014
rattus_norvegicus	Catsperb	ENSRNOG00000063175

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cation channel sperm-associated auxiliary subunit beta — Q9H7T0 (reviewed: Q9H7T0)

All UniProt accessions (6): A0A1B0GXC6, G3V2V0, G3V352, G3V584, Q9H7T0, H0YJA5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Auxiliary component of the CatSper complex, a complex involved in sperm cell hyperactivation. Sperm cell hyperactivation is needed for sperm motility which is essential late in the preparation of sperm for fertilization.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the CatSper complex or CatSpermasome composed of the core pore-forming members CATSPER1, CATSPER2, CATSPER3 and CATSPER4 as well as auxiliary members CATSPERB, CATSPERG, CATSPERD, CATSPERE, CATSPERZ, CATSPERT, CATSPERQ, CATSPERH and EFCAB9. HSPA1 may be an additional auxiliary complex member. The core complex members CATSPER1, CATSPER2, CATSPER3 and CATSPER4 form a heterotetrameric channel. The auxiliary CATSPERB, CATSPERG, CATSPERD and CATSPERE subunits form a pavilion-like structure over the pore which stabilizes the complex through interactions with CATSPER4, CATSPER3, CATSPER1 and CATSPER2 respectively. CATSPERH interacts with CATSPERB, further stabilizing the complex. CATSPERT interacts at least with CATSPERD and is required for targeting the CatSper complex in the flagellar membrane.

Subcellular location. Cell projection. Cilium. Flagellum membrane.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9H7T0-1	1	yes
Q9H7T0-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_079040* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR028748	CATSPERB	Family
IPR048786	CATSPERB_N	Domain
IPR048788	CATSPERB_2nd	Domain
IPR048789	CATSPERB_C	Domain
IPR053903	CATSPERB_head	Domain
IPR053904	CATSPERB_Ig-like	Domain

Pfam: PF15149, PF21541, PF21548, PF22830, PF22831

UniProt features (24 total): glycosylation site 11, disulfide bond 7, topological domain 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H7T0-F1	84.99	0.51

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (7): 35–60, 189–302, 330–343, 718–816, 829–1037, 911–920, 922–937

Glycosylation sites (11): 690, 913, 921, 1010, 1015, 90, 100, 118, 226, 321, 618

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1300642	Sperm Motility And Taxes

MSigDB gene sets: 83 (showing top): GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_SPERM_CAPACITATION, GOBP_ANATOMICAL_STRUCTURE_MATURATION, GOBP_CELL_MATURATION, GOBP_CILIUM_MOVEMENT, GOBP_CILIUM_OR_FLAGELLUM_DEPENDENT_CELL_MOTILITY, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, chr14q32, WILCOX_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_DN, GOCC_VOLTAGE_GATED_CALCIUM_CHANNEL_COMPLEX, GOCC_MOTILE_CILIUM, GOCC_CATION_CHANNEL_COMPLEX, GOCC_SPERM_PRINCIPAL_PIECE, GOCC_TRANSPORTER_COMPLEX

GO Biological Process (2): spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), cell differentiation (GO:0030154)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (7): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cilium (GO:0005929), CatSper complex (GO:0036128), sperm principal piece (GO:0097228), membrane (GO:0016020), motile cilium (GO:0031514), cell projection (GO:0042995)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Fertilization	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
male gamete generation	1
cellular developmental process	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
voltage-gated calcium channel complex	1
sperm flagellum	1
cilium	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

656 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CATSPERB	CATSPER1	Q8NEC5	999
CATSPERB	CATSPERD	Q86XM0	924
CATSPERB	CATSPER4	Q7RTX7	886
CATSPERB	CATSPERG	Q6ZRH7	847
CATSPERB	HSPA2	P54652	838
CATSPERB	CATSPER2	Q96P56	796
CATSPERB	CATSPER3	Q86XQ3	795
CATSPERB	EFCAB9	A8MZ26	765
CATSPERB	CATSPERE	Q5SY80	718
CATSPERB	CATSPERZ	Q9NTU4	687
CATSPERB	TC2N	Q8N9U0	626
CATSPERB	HSPA1A	P08107	549
CATSPERB	FAM178B	Q8IXR5	528
CATSPERB	TXNDC8	Q6A555	501
CATSPERB	OR10H1	Q9Y4A9	464

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

BioGRID (2): CATSPERB (Affinity Capture-MS), MYO6 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0A6YXX9, A0A1Z2R986, A2RTF1, C6KI89, E9Q355, F5HFJ7, O36400, P03425, P04853, P09258, P09728, P0DP43, P12554, P12556, P16772, P19758, P21526, P22229, P28907, P35740, P35771, Q04547, Q2TAV2, Q2YDM0, Q3TBN1, Q499E0, Q4R6B2, Q5BKX0, Q5E9L2, Q5RDR5, Q66000, Q66001, Q68FB2, Q6AY76, Q6DFY8, Q6ZRH7, Q76B58, Q77MP7, Q77NN4, Q783Y1

Diamond homologs: A2RTF1, Q9H7T0

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
CATSPERB	“form complex”	“CatSpermasome complex”	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

149 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	124
Likely benign	14
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (3)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1807775	GRCh37/hg19 14q31.2-32.33(chr14:84537502-107285437)x3	Pathogenic
2674645	NM_024764.4(CATSPERB):c.2126G>A (p.Arg709Gln)	Pathogenic
813277	GRCh37/hg19 14q31.2-32.2(chr14:84783523-96907490)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

5379 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
14:91589528:CCCTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91589532:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91589533:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91589533:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91589536:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91589536:AGTTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91589537:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91591890:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91591891:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91617592:CCTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:91617595:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
14:91617596:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
14:91617639:A:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91617733:AAAC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:91617733:AAACC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:91617734:AAC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:91617734:AACC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:91617737:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:91617737:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:91617738:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:91620758:AAGTC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91621935:CAA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:91621938:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:91624815:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:91624816:CTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:91624817:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:91636424:C:A	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91636437:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91636438:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:91636442:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7392 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
14:91672977:A:G	W340R	0.999
14:91672977:A:T	W340R	0.999
14:91672975:C:A	W340C	0.998
14:91672975:C:G	W340C	0.998
14:91591980:C:G	C911S	0.997
14:91591981:A:T	C911S	0.997
14:91693162:A:C	S265R	0.997
14:91693162:A:T	S265R	0.997
14:91693164:T:G	S265R	0.997
14:91591902:C:G	C937S	0.996
14:91591903:A:T	C937S	0.996
14:91591903:A:G	C937R	0.995
14:91587257:A:G	F1026S	0.994
14:91591981:A:G	C911R	0.994
14:91669821:C:A	G427V	0.994
14:91673007:A:G	C330R	0.994
14:91691529:A:C	F286L	0.994
14:91691529:A:T	F286L	0.994
14:91691531:A:G	F286L	0.994
14:91693187:A:G	L257P	0.994
14:91719460:A:G	W110R	0.994
14:91719460:A:T	W110R	0.994
14:91589556:G:C	N978K	0.993
14:91589556:G:T	N978K	0.993
14:91591953:C:G	C920S	0.993
14:91591954:A:T	C920S	0.993
14:91608393:C:A	R870S	0.993
14:91608393:C:G	R870S	0.993
14:91659949:A:C	F440L	0.993
14:91659949:A:T	F440L	0.993

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000013640 (14:91606821 G>A), RS1000014627 (14:91724488 C>G), RS1000049991 (14:91697557 T>C), RS1000061191 (14:91727574 T>C), RS1000082789 (14:91646270 C>T), RS1000097857 (14:91583402 G>C), RS1000103414 (14:91689896 C>T), RS1000145551 (14:91676194 A>G), RS1000171417 (14:91670055 A>C), RS1000187271 (14:91630161 T>G), RS1000199236 (14:91672783 C>G,T), RS1000213758 (14:91625845 G>A), RS1000227544 (14:91672871 T>A,C), RS1000256031 (14:91683498 T>C), RS1000301309 (14:91673198 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611169 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

12 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003263_78	Post bronchodilator FEV1 in COPD	5.000000e-06
GCST003518_92	Daytime sleep phenotypes	8.000000e-06
GCST004599_172	Mean platelet volume	9.000000e-16
GCST005956_47	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI	7.000000e-07
GCST005962_28	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI x sex x age interaction (4df test)	7.000000e-07
GCST008437_5	Alzheimer’s disease in hypertension-negative individuals	3.000000e-06
GCST008762_12	Intake of sweets	2.000000e-06
GCST009097_15	Venous thromboembolism	9.000000e-10
GCST010703_103	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	8.000000e-21
GCST90002395_209	Mean platelet volume	7.000000e-43
GCST90002401_78	Platelet distribution width	2.000000e-28
GCST90013658_7	Myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes	4.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (9, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004314	forced expiratory volume
EFO:0007828	daytime rest measurement
EFO:0007788	BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio
EFO:0008007	age at assessment
EFO:0008343	sex interaction measurement
EFO:0010158	sugar consumption measurement
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0007984	platelet component distribution width
EFO:0011039	myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

14 total (human), top 14 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	2
sodium arsenite	affects methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Progesterone	decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation	1
Okadaic Acid	increases expression	1
S-Nitrosoglutathione	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
NCT05222841	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Spermotrend Food Supplement in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT05616598	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of New Oral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus on Seminal Parameters
NCT02025270	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	MSCs For Treatment of Azoospermic Patients
NCT04541459	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Validation of New Devices Against Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation
NCT05792813	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Linggui Yangyuan Paste in Patients With Male Infertility
NCT06188936	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Home Semen Analysis Tests As a Screening Tool for Fertility Patients
NCT00012480	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Environmental Exposures on the Egg Fertilizing Ability of Human Sperm
NCT00044369	Not specified	COMPLETED	Role of the Toxic Metal Cadmium in the Mechanism Producing Infertility With a Varicocele
NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
NCT00178516	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vitamin E and Male Infertility
NCT00315029	Not specified	COMPLETED	Patient-Centered Implementation Trial for Single Embryo Transfer
NCT00341120	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Causes of Male Infertility
NCT00481403	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study of Sperm Molecular Factors Implicated in Male Fertility
NCT00548977	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Studies Spermatogenic Failure
NCT00596739	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Study of the Pre- and Post-operative Semen Analyses and Reproductive Hormone Levels of Men Undergoing Weight-reduction Surgery
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