CAVIN2

Summary

CAVIN2 (caveolae associated protein 2, HGNC:10690) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q32.3, encoding Caveolae-associated protein 2 (O95810). Plays an important role in caveolar biogenesis and morphology.

This gene encodes a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein whose expression increases in serum-starved cells. This protein is a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation and recruits polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) to caveolae. Removal of this protein causes caveolae loss and its over-expression results in caveolae deformation and membrane tubulation.

Source: NCBI Gene 8436 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 83 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004657

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:10690
Approved symbol	CAVIN2
Name	caveolae associated protein 2
Location	2q32.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	SDR, PS-p68, cavin-2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168497
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606728
Entrez	8436

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 4 protein_coding

ENST00000304141, ENST00000862062, ENST00000862063, ENST00000944489

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_004657 NM_004657

CCDS: CCDS2313

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000304141 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001152409	191834310	191836717
ENSE00001254048	191846443	191847088

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 247 present calls, max score 98.96.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 32.8501 / max 12305.2232, expressed in 988 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
32966	29.9592	950
32968	0.8104	268
32967	0.6940	281
32969	0.6098	161
32965	0.4210	183
32963	0.2093	95
32964	0.1465	69

Top tissues by expression

275 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	98.96	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	98.72	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	98.45	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	98.03	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	97.89	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	96.15	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	96.02	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	96.01	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	96.01	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	95.89	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	95.88	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	95.86	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	95.85	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	95.77	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	95.20	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	95.11	gold quality
connective tissue	UBERON:0002384	95.02	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	94.78	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	94.63	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	94.57	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	94.29	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	94.18	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	94.13	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	94.12	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	94.09	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	94.06	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	94.03	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	94.03	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	94.02	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	93.97	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 30 experiment(s), a significant marker in 29.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-10432	yes	10092.52
E-GEOD-149689	yes	7368.44
E-GEOD-150728	yes	7198.14
E-MTAB-9221	yes	6520.30
E-GEOD-139324	yes	6318.13
E-CURD-122	yes	5310.07
E-GEOD-130148	yes	3599.39
E-CURD-55	yes	3035.43
E-CURD-46	yes	2347.90
E-MTAB-6308	yes	2314.56
E-CURD-112	yes	2260.36
E-MTAB-10553	yes	2072.57
E-MTAB-6653	yes	1788.74
E-HCAD-10	yes	1751.16
E-CURD-126	yes	1672.92

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): FOXO1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

105 targeting CAVIN2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-656-3P	100.00	72.15	2788
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-25-3P	99.98	74.60	1817
HSA-MIR-363-3P	99.98	74.72	1821
HSA-MIR-367-3P	99.98	74.83	1819
HSA-MIR-32-5P	99.98	75.21	1964
HSA-MIR-92A-3P	99.98	75.21	1960
HSA-MIR-92B-3P	99.98	75.25	1955
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 17)

• Study conclude that SDPR is a membrane-curvature-inducing component of caveolae, and that STB-induced membrane tubulation is facilitated by caveolae. (PMID:19525939)
• The cavin family protein Polymerase 1 and transcript release factor, SRBC and serum deprivation response protein were down regulated in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor tissue. (PMID:21913217)
• Rather than forming a single coat complex containing the three cavin family members, single-molecule analysis reveals an exquisite specificity of interactions between cavin1, cavin2 and cavin3. (PMID:24473072)
• Three genes (LY96, IL8 DPR) were significantly downregulated over time. This finding was confirmed in a validation cohort of stroke patients (n=8). (PMID:25124890)
• Data found that CVN2 expression was signi fi cantly down-regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro and in vivo and that CVN2 overexpression led to decreased proliferative activities through the CVN2/caveolin-1/ERK path- way. Furthermore, high tumoral progression occurred in CVN2-negative patients with OSCC. (PMID:26086332)
• Cavin-1 and cavin-2 are strongly expressed within caveolae-like structures within liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of the hepatitis C-related cirrhotic liver and cavin-1 would play a critical role in regulating aspects of caveolin-1. (PMID:26086560)
• identification of a novel metastasis suppressor gene, serum deprivation response (SDPR), localized to 2q32-33, a region reported to be associated with significant loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, is reported. (PMID:26739564)
• Hepatocellular carcinoma patients with lower cavin-2 expression have a relatively poor prognosis. (PMID:27513662)
• SDPR variants were not associated with major depressive disorder. (PMID:27721187)
• Overall, these data suggest that Cavin-2 represents a useful marker for discriminating the degree of differentiation in LPS tumors. (PMID:28865960)
• Results show that SDPR expression is increased in invasive endometrioid carcinoma (EC) and provide evidence that SDPR protein alter the expression of ALDH1 in EC cells through ILK signaling. Moreover, SDPR is associated with several histological characteristics of invasiveness. (PMID:30907484)
• Low SDPR expression is associated with cancer. (PMID:31322248)
• Serum deprivation response functions as a tumor suppressor gene in papillary thyroid cancer. (PMID:31334828)
• CAVIN2 is frequently silenced by CpG methylation and sensitizes lung cancer cells to paclitaxel and 5-FU. (PMID:33016107)
• LINC00261/microRNA-550a-3p/SDPR axis affects the biological characteristics of breast cancer stem cells. (PMID:33274565)
• Serum deprivation-response protein induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma through ASK1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathways. (PMID:33931585)
• SDPR expression in human trabecular meshwork and its potential role in racial disparities of glaucoma. (PMID:38704467)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cavin2a	ENSDARG00000027611
danio_rerio	cavin2b	ENSDARG00000071196
mus_musculus	Cavin2	ENSMUSG00000045954
rattus_norvegicus	Cavin2	ENSRNOG00000025895

Paralogs (3): CAVIN4 (ENSG00000170681), CAVIN3 (ENSG00000170955), CAVIN1 (ENSG00000177469)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Caveolae-associated protein 2 — O95810 (reviewed: O95810)

Alternative names: Cavin-2, PS-p68, Phosphatidylserine-binding protein, Serum deprivation-response protein

All UniProt accessions (1): O95810

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays an important role in caveolar biogenesis and morphology. Regulates caveolae morphology by inducing membrane curvature within caveolae. Plays a role in caveola formation in a tissue-specific manner. Required for the formation of caveolae in the lung and fat endothelia but not in the heart endothelia. Negatively regulates the size or stability of CAVIN complexes in the lung endothelial cells. May play a role in targeting PRKCA to caveolae.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the CAVIN complex composed of CAVIN1, CAVIN2, CAVIN3 and CAVIN4. Binds to PRKCA in the presence of phosphatidylserine. Interacts with CAVIN4; this augments the transactivation of NPPA by CAVIN4. Interacts with CAVIN1. Interacts with CAV3.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytosol. Membrane. Caveola.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in heart and lung, and expressed at lower levels in brain, kidney, liver, pancreas, placenta, and skeletal muscle.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated on Ser residues.

Domain organisation. The leucine-zipper domain is essential for its localization in the caveolae.

Induction. Up-regulated in asyncronously growing fibroblasts following serum deprivation but not following contact inhibition. Down-regulated during synchronous cell cycle re-entry.

Miscellaneous. Binds phosphatidylserine (PS) in a calcium-independent manner. PS-binding is inhibited by phosphotidic acid and phosphatidylinositol. Does not bind phosphatidylcholine.

Similarity. Belongs to the CAVIN family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_004648* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026752	Cavin_fam	Family

Pfam: PF15237

UniProt features (42 total): modified residue 22, compositionally biased region 6, region of interest 5, mutagenesis site 3, coiled-coil region 3, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O95810-F1	63.48	0.22

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (22): 2, 27, 35, 37, 51, 196, 199, 203, 204, 218, 283, 284, 287, 288, 293, 332, 341, 366, 370, 375 …

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (3):

Position	Phenotype
86	loss of localization in caveolae; when associated with e-93 or e-100.
93	loss of localization in caveolae; when associated with e-86 or e-100.
100	loss of localization in caveolae; when associated with e-86 or e-93.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 263 (showing top): MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, YAO_HOXA10_TARGETS_VIA_PROGESTERONE_UP, AREB6_03, GOBP_PLASMA_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, SRF_Q5_01, NKX61_01, SENESE_HDAC1_AND_HDAC2_TARGETS_DN, TCF4_Q5, NKX62_Q2, MILI_PSEUDOPODIA_HAPTOTAXIS_UP, SHEDDEN_LUNG_CANCER_GOOD_SURVIVAL_A4, GROSS_HIF1A_TARGETS_DN, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_6HR_UP, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_AND_CANCER_BOX1_DN

GO Biological Process (1): plasma membrane tubulation (GO:0097320)

GO Molecular Function (5): phosphatidylserine binding (GO:0001786), protein kinase C binding (GO:0005080), phospholipid binding (GO:0005543), protein binding (GO:0005515), lipid binding (GO:0008289)

GO Cellular Component (7): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), caveola (GO:0005901), membrane raft (GO:0045121), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
binding	2
plasma membrane organization	1
phospholipid binding	1
anion binding	1
modified amino acid binding	1
protein kinase binding	1
lipid binding	1
nuclear lumen	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
plasma membrane raft	1
membrane microdomain	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

716 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CAVIN2	CAV1	Q03135	901
CAVIN2	CAVIN4	Q5BKX8	822
CAVIN2	CAVIN3	Q969G5	679
CAVIN2	EHD2	Q9NZN4	648
CAVIN2	ANXA5	P08758	644
CAVIN2	CAV2	P51636	584
CAVIN2	PRKCA	P17252	584
CAVIN2	CAVIN1	Q6NZI2	542
CAVIN2	CAV3	P56539	514
CAVIN2	PLEK2	Q9NYT0	500
CAVIN2	EHD3	Q9NZN3	500
CAVIN2	PACSIN2	Q9UNF0	498
CAVIN2	PLEK	P08567	493
CAVIN2	LGALS2	P05162	491
CAVIN2	FLNA	P21333	469

IntAct

49 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
N	HNRNPR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
CAV1	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.600
CAVIN2	CAV1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.600
CAV1	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
CAVIN2	CAV1	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.600
A1CF	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CAVIN2	A1CF	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CAVIN2	PLEKHF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TRAPPC6A	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CAVIN2	MCRS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CAVIN2	PLEK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PLEK	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.560
N	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HDGFL2	CDC7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CAVIN1	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.500
CAVIN1	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.500
CAVIN3	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.490
CAVIN3	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.490
CAVIN2	ANXA2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	GNAT3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
CAVIN2	SDC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
CAVIN2	CAVIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CAVIN2	NUDT18	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CAVIN2	PLEKHF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
Set	ZKSCAN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (75): SDPR (Two-hybrid), A1CF (Two-hybrid), NUDT18 (Two-hybrid), PLEKHF2 (Two-hybrid), SDPR (Affinity Capture-MS), SDPR (Affinity Capture-MS), SDPR (Affinity Capture-MS), SDPR (Proximity Label-MS), SDPR (Affinity Capture-MS), SDPR (Two-hybrid), SDPR (Two-hybrid), MCRS1 (Two-hybrid), SDPR (Affinity Capture-MS), SDPR (Affinity Capture-MS), SDPR (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0MZ67, A1L260, A2AMM0, A2VDA9, A4IGC3, A5PJI6, A9C3W3, B1PRL5, B9EKI3, O35711, O35867, O54724, O76878, O94876, O95810, P34609, P55326, P70302, P83093, P84903, P85125, Q0IIE0, Q13586, Q29EP6, Q32PN7, Q58CP9, Q5BKX8, Q5FWS6, Q63918, Q66H98, Q674X7, Q69ZS8, Q69ZZ6, Q6NZI2, Q6P0R8, Q6P402, Q7T019, Q8CJ96, Q8K2Q9, Q8MJK1

Diamond homologs: A1L260, A2AMM0, A2VDA9, A4FV37, A5PJI6, B1PRL5, O54724, O95810, P85125, Q5BKX8, Q63918, Q66H98, Q6NZI2, Q969G5, Q9Z1H9, Q91VJ2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

83 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	76
Likely benign	4
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

130 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:191836713:TCCTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:191836714:CCTCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:191836715:CTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:191836716:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:191836717:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:191836717:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:191836718:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:191836718:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:191846438:CTGA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:191846439:TGAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:191846440:GAC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:191846441:AC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:191846442:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:191836714:CCTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:191836715:CTCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:191836716:TCCT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:191836727:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:191836728:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:191841137:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9300
2:191836717:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.9200
2:191836718:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9100
2:191846441:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9000
2:191846442:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9000
2:191840833:T:A	donor_gain	0.8800
2:191846508:TC:T	donor_gain	0.8800
2:191836731:CAA:C	acceptor_gain	0.7900
2:191836718:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.7800
2:191837518:T:TA	donor_gain	0.7400
2:191836733:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.7000
2:191846563:G:T	donor_gain	0.7000

AlphaMissense

2825 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:191846446:G:C	F160L	0.996
2:191846446:G:T	F160L	0.996
2:191846448:A:G	F160L	0.996
2:191846461:G:C	F155L	0.996
2:191846461:G:T	F155L	0.996
2:191846463:A:G	F155L	0.996
2:191846480:A:G	L149P	0.996
2:191846585:A:G	L114P	0.996
2:191846732:A:G	L65P	0.996
2:191836463:A:C	F246L	0.995
2:191836463:A:T	F246L	0.995
2:191836464:A:G	F246S	0.995
2:191836465:A:G	F246L	0.995
2:191836472:C:A	K243N	0.995
2:191836472:C:G	K243N	0.995
2:191846462:A:G	F155S	0.995
2:191846574:A:G	S118P	0.995
2:191846636:A:G	L97P	0.995
2:191846501:A:G	L142P	0.994
2:191846741:A:G	L62P	0.994
2:191846744:A:G	L61P	0.994
2:191846627:A:G	L100P	0.993
2:191836476:A:T	L242H	0.992
2:191846450:A:G	I159T	0.992
2:191836397:T:A	R268S	0.991
2:191836397:T:G	R268S	0.991
2:191836496:G:C	S235R	0.990
2:191836496:G:T	S235R	0.990
2:191836498:T:G	S235R	0.990
2:191836505:T:A	K232N	0.990

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000069773 (2:191837840 G>A), RS1000907747 (2:191844918 C>T), RS1000966527 (2:191837240 A>T), RS1001256533 (2:191844460 C>G), RS1001692417 (2:191839158 T>A), RS1001738992 (2:191842701 ATTTAT>A), RS1001744057 (2:191842357 A>C), RS1001805622 (2:191838785 A>G), RS1001917436 (2:191833965 T>C,G), RS1002142887 (2:191840287 T>G), RS1002566048 (2:191848134 T>C), RS1002634955 (2:191847863 T>C), RS1002870881 (2:191848046 C>G), RS1002946845 (2:191834188 G>A), RS1003087864 (2:191841150 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606728 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

10 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004599_284	Mean platelet volume	3.000000e-32
GCST004603_215	Platelet count	1.000000e-09
GCST007637_35	Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide	5.000000e-06
GCST009391_764	Metabolite levels	9.000000e-06
GCST010320_11	PR interval	3.000000e-10
GCST010321_197	PR interval	8.000000e-13
GCST90002395_350	Mean platelet volume	8.000000e-50
GCST90002395_351	Mean platelet volume	2.000000e-20
GCST90002395_352	Mean platelet volume	4.000000e-20
GCST90002402_284	Platelet count	2.000000e-15

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004309	platelet count
EFO:0009369	diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
EFO:0010391	sphingomyelin 16:0 measurement
EFO:0004462	PR interval

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

83 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases expression, increases methylation	8
bisphenol A	affects expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation, affects cotreatment	6
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	4
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation, affects expression, increases expression	4
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	3
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
bisphenol S	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression, increases expression	2
Nickel	decreases expression, increases expression	2
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	increases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
glycidyl methacrylate	decreases expression	1
lead acetate	decreases expression	1
2,5,2’,5’-tetrachlorobiphenyl	increases expression	1
titanium dioxide	decreases expression	1
decabromobiphenyl ether	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
arsenite	decreases methylation	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene	increases expression	1
tetrabromobisphenol A	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
zinc chromate	increases abundance, increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
periodate-oxidized adenosine	affects expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.