CCDC13
gene geneOn this page
Also known as FLJ25467
Summary
CCDC13 (coiled-coil domain containing 13, HGNC:26358) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3p22.1, encoding Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 13 (Q8IYE1). Required for primary cilia formation and promotes the localization of the ciliopathy protein BBS4 to both centriolar satellites and cilia.
Acts upstream of or within DNA damage response; cytoplasmic microtubule organization; and non-motile cilium assembly. Located in centriolar satellite.
Source: NCBI Gene 152206 — RefSeq curated summary.
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 4
- Clinical variants (ClinVar): 136 total
- MANE Select transcript:
NM_144719
Identifiers
Gene identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:26358 |
| Approved symbol | CCDC13 |
| Name | coiled-coil domain containing 13 |
| Location | 3p22.1 |
| Locus type | gene with protein product |
| Status | Approved |
| Aliases | FLJ25467 |
| Ensembl gene | ENSG00000244607 |
| Ensembl biotype | protein_coding |
| Entrez | 152206 |
Gene structure
Transcript identifiers
Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron
ENST00000310232, ENST00000435327, ENST00000466031, ENST00000472921, ENST00000479576, ENST00000482100, ENST00000492806, ENST00000954780
RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_144719
NM_144719
CCDS: CCDS2705
Canonical transcript exons
ENST00000310232 — 16 exons
| Exon | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| ENSE00001078199 | 42773176 | 42773253 |
| ENSE00001367633 | 42705756 | 42709139 |
| ENSE00001372097 | 42709684 | 42709798 |
| ENSE00001374653 | 42739634 | 42739810 |
| ENSE00001375115 | 42745923 | 42746027 |
| ENSE00001377081 | 42742896 | 42743057 |
| ENSE00001378910 | 42730467 | 42730589 |
| ENSE00001381558 | 42733470 | 42733609 |
| ENSE00001389693 | 42735707 | 42735913 |
| ENSE00003492336 | 42752575 | 42752717 |
| ENSE00003492821 | 42758125 | 42758351 |
| ENSE00003517298 | 42732887 | 42732970 |
| ENSE00003625847 | 42747257 | 42747373 |
| ENSE00003636225 | 42751936 | 42752025 |
| ENSE00003665186 | 42757066 | 42757214 |
| ENSE00003671791 | 42713162 | 42713316 |
Expression profiles
Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 162 present calls, max score 91.08.
FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 0.7842 / max 29.3205, expressed in 321 samples.
FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)
| Promoter ID | TPM avg | Samples expressed |
|---|---|---|
| 41816 | 0.7014 | 312 |
| 41814 | 0.0561 | 39 |
| 41813 | 0.0201 | 5 |
| 41812 | 0.0066 | 3 |
Top tissues by expression
240 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):
| Tissue | Anatomy ID | Expression score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| right uterine tube | UBERON:0001302 | 91.08 | gold quality |
| olfactory segment of nasal mucosa | UBERON:0005386 | 83.56 | gold quality |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473 | 82.04 | gold quality |
| nucleus accumbens | UBERON:0001882 | 78.09 | gold quality |
| caudate nucleus | UBERON:0001873 | 77.78 | gold quality |
| primordial germ cell in gonad | CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991 | 76.69 | gold quality |
| left testis | UBERON:0004533 | 76.66 | gold quality |
| adenohypophysis | UBERON:0002196 | 76.12 | gold quality |
| putamen | UBERON:0001874 | 75.80 | gold quality |
| pituitary gland | UBERON:0000007 | 75.55 | gold quality |
| right testis | UBERON:0004534 | 75.39 | gold quality |
| testis | UBERON:0000473 | 74.77 | gold quality |
| prefrontal cortex | UBERON:0000451 | 74.74 | gold quality |
| monocyte | CL:0000576 | 74.72 | gold quality |
| hypothalamus | UBERON:0001898 | 74.27 | gold quality |
| leukocyte | CL:0000738 | 73.90 | gold quality |
| amygdala | UBERON:0001876 | 73.60 | gold quality |
| Brodmann (1909) area 9 | UBERON:0013540 | 73.47 | gold quality |
| right frontal lobe | UBERON:0002810 | 73.39 | gold quality |
| left lobe of thyroid gland | UBERON:0001120 | 73.07 | gold quality |
| thyroid gland | UBERON:0002046 | 72.77 | gold quality |
| metanephros cortex | UBERON:0010533 | 72.77 | gold quality |
| esophagogastric junction muscularis propria | UBERON:0035841 | 72.74 | gold quality |
| right lobe of thyroid gland | UBERON:0001119 | 72.73 | gold quality |
| lower esophagus muscularis layer | UBERON:0035833 | 72.68 | gold quality |
| lower esophagus | UBERON:0013473 | 72.63 | gold quality |
| anterior cingulate cortex | UBERON:0009835 | 72.59 | gold quality |
| corpus callosum | UBERON:0002336 | 72.56 | gold quality |
| mucosa of transverse colon | UBERON:0004991 | 72.54 | gold quality |
| forebrain | UBERON:0001890 | 72.28 | gold quality |
Single-cell (SCXA)
Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.
| Experiment | Marker? | Max mean expression |
|---|---|---|
| E-MTAB-9388 | yes | 7.76 |
| E-ANND-3 | yes | 7.16 |
Regulation
Is transcription factor: no
miRNA regulators (miRDB)
23 targeting CCDC13, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):
| miRNA | Max score | Avg score | miRNA target_count |
|---|---|---|---|
| HSA-MIR-4795-3P | 100.00 | 74.62 | 4024 |
| HSA-MIR-126-5P | 100.00 | 72.71 | 3180 |
| HSA-MIR-6867-5P | 100.00 | 82.21 | 3464 |
| HSA-MIR-4534 | 99.99 | 66.58 | 1907 |
| HSA-MIR-4492 | 99.87 | 68.25 | 3611 |
| HSA-MIR-6842-5P | 99.80 | 67.54 | 1587 |
| HSA-MIR-7110-5P | 99.80 | 67.84 | 1712 |
| HSA-MIR-6752-5P | 99.59 | 67.32 | 1243 |
| HSA-MIR-4498 | 99.47 | 67.42 | 2360 |
| HSA-MIR-3182 | 99.40 | 68.15 | 2454 |
| HSA-MIR-6882-5P | 99.35 | 71.13 | 1206 |
| HSA-MIR-4685-5P | 99.25 | 65.99 | 1563 |
| HSA-MIR-6837-5P | 99.25 | 65.47 | 1632 |
| HSA-MIR-544B | 99.18 | 67.41 | 1632 |
| HSA-MIR-4650-3P | 99.01 | 68.39 | 1062 |
| HSA-MIR-6829-5P | 98.86 | 65.12 | 1480 |
| HSA-MIR-4656 | 98.79 | 66.22 | 1306 |
| HSA-MIR-6804-3P | 98.72 | 64.82 | 852 |
| HSA-MIR-5088-5P | 97.97 | 64.28 | 487 |
| HSA-MIR-1289 | 97.46 | 65.37 | 655 |
| HSA-MIR-6734-5P | 95.70 | 65.56 | 950 |
| HSA-MIR-3130-3P | 94.98 | 66.97 | 574 |
| HSA-MIR-371B-3P | 94.48 | 66.59 | 345 |
Cross-species orthologs
4 orthologs
| Organism | Symbol | Gene ID |
|---|---|---|
| danio_rerio | ccdc13 | ENSDARG00000063451 |
| mus_musculus | Ccdc13 | ENSMUSG00000079235 |
| rattus_norvegicus | Ccdc13 | ENSRNOG00000025643 |
| drosophila_melanogaster | CG13032 | FBGN0036652 |
Protein
Protein identifiers
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 13 — Q8IYE1 (reviewed: Q8IYE1)
All UniProt accessions (1): Q8IYE1
UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →
Function. Required for primary cilia formation and promotes the localization of the ciliopathy protein BBS4 to both centriolar satellites and cilia.
Subunit / interactions. Interacts with PCM1, CEP290 and PCNT.
Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Microtubule organizing center. Centrosome. Centriolar satellite. Cilium basal body.
RefSeq proteins (1): NP_653320* (*=MANE)
Domains & families (InterPro)
| ID | Name | Type |
|---|---|---|
| IPR038929 | CCDC13 | Family |
UniProt features (16 total): coiled-coil region 4, region of interest 3, modified residue 3, sequence variant 3, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1
Structure
Experimental structures (PDB)
0 structures.
Predicted structure (AlphaFold)
| Model | pLDDT | Fraction very-high |
|---|---|---|
| AF-Q8IYE1-F1 | 76.77 | 0.50 |
Functional residue map
Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.
Post-translational modifications (3): 258, 469, 536
Function
Pathways and Gene Ontology
Reactome pathways
0 pathways
MSigDB gene sets: 54 (showing top):
GOBP_CYTOPLASMIC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZATION, GOCC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZING_CENTER, EFC_Q6, GOBP_CILIUM_ORGANIZATION, GOCC_CENTROSOME, GOBP_DNA_DAMAGE_RESPONSE, chr3p22, GOBP_ORGANELLE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_MICROTUBULE_BUNDLE_FORMATION, GOBP_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_AXONEME_ASSEMBLY, GOCC_CYTOPLASMIC_REGION, GOCC_CILIUM, GOCC_CILIARY_BASAL_BODY, GOCC_CENTRIOLAR_SATELLITE
GO Biological Process (4): DNA damage response (GO:0006974), cytoplasmic microtubule organization (GO:0031122), non-motile cilium assembly (GO:1905515), cell projection organization (GO:0030030)
GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)
GO Cellular Component (5): centrosome (GO:0005813), centriolar satellite (GO:0034451), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cell projection (GO:0042995)
GO top-level categories
Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:
| Category | Terms |
|---|---|
| cellular anatomical structure | 3 |
| cellular response to stress | 1 |
| microtubule cytoskeleton organization | 1 |
| supramolecular fiber organization | 1 |
| cilium assembly | 1 |
| cellular component organization | 1 |
| binding | 1 |
| centriole | 1 |
| microtubule organizing center | 1 |
| centrosome | 1 |
| intracellular anatomical structure | 1 |
| intracellular membraneless organelle | 1 |
Protein interactions and networks
STRING
672 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):
| Protein A | Protein B | Partner UniProt | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| CCDC13 | KRABD3 | A5PL33 | 530 |
| CCDC13 | CEP131 | Q9UPN4 | 528 |
| CCDC13 | CCDC14 | Q49A88 | 515 |
| CCDC13 | KIAA0753 | Q2KHM9 | 505 |
| CCDC13 | PIBF1 | Q8WXW3 | 497 |
| CCDC13 | CFAP210 | Q0VFZ6 | 491 |
| CCDC13 | CCDC18 | Q5T9S5 | 489 |
| CCDC13 | CFAP184 | Q2M329 | 476 |
| CCDC13 | CCDC160 | A6NGH7 | 463 |
| CCDC13 | CEP126 | Q9P2H0 | 454 |
| CCDC13 | CEP72 | Q9P209 | 453 |
| CCDC13 | SEL1L3 | Q68CR1 | 453 |
| CCDC13 | CCDC12 | Q8WUD4 | 448 |
| CCDC13 | CCDC81 | Q6ZN84 | 445 |
| CCDC13 | PDE6C | P51160 | 444 |
IntAct
173 interactions, top by confidence:
| A | B | Type | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCM1 | PCNT | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.710 |
| PCNT | PCM1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.710 |
| CEP131 | CEP290 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.650 |
| CCDC13 | TCHP | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.600 |
| CCDC13 | CCND3 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | CCHCR1 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| TP53BP2 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| USP54 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| MEOX2 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | TFIP11 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | DISC1 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | ZRANB1 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| NEFL | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CDR2 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| MYF5 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 | |
| EFHC2 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | GMCL1 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| FCHO1 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| KIAA1328 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| RALBP1 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| TRIM23 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | LZTS1 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| ZBED1 | CCDC13 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| CCDC13 | GOLGA2 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
BioGRID (53): CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid), CCDC13 (Two-hybrid)
ESM2 similar proteins: A0JMQ7, A0JMY4, A2AUM9, A2BDR7, A2BGP7, A6NI79, A6PWD2, A6QNP9, B1AJZ9, D3YV10, G9G127, O35550, O35551, O75330, O94986, P0CB05, Q05D60, Q0VFN8, Q0VFX2, Q15276, Q17QT2, Q3UPP8, Q498G2, Q4KLY0, Q4PJT6, Q4R703, Q4V7B0, Q5JU67, Q5NVN6, Q5U3A8, Q5U3Z6, Q5U4W1, Q5ZL12, Q66KE8, Q6DFC2, Q6DIS8, Q6IMY1, Q6NRC9, Q6P402, Q7M6Y5
Diamond homologs: D3YV10, Q8IYE1
SIGNOR signaling
0 interactions.
Enriched among interaction partners
Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 54 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.
Reactome pathways:
| Pathway | Partners | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition | 5 | 24.4× | 3e-04 |
GO biological processes:
| GO term | Partners | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| non-motile cilium assembly | 6 | 35.6× | 6e-06 |
| cilium assembly | 7 | 10.5× | 4e-04 |
Disease & clinical
Clinical variants and AI predictions
ClinVar
136 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):
| Classification | Count (floor) |
|---|---|
| Pathogenic | 0 |
| Likely pathogenic | 0 |
| Uncertain significance | 107 |
| Likely benign | 13 |
| Benign | 1 |
Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)
SpliceAI
3320 predictions. Top by Δscore:
| Variant | Effect | Δscore |
|---|---|---|
| 3:42709653:AC:A | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42709654:CC:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42709699:T:TA | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42713156:CCCTA:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42713157:CCTA:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42713158:CTAC:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42713159:TACCT:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42713160:A:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42713161:C:CG | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42713205:C:A | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42734280:A:AC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42734280:AAGT:A | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42734281:A:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735700:TAC:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735701:ACT:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735702:CTC:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735705:A:AC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735705:ACG:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735705:ACGTG:A | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735706:C:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735706:C:CA | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735706:CGTG:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735706:CGTGC:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735923:C:CT | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42735924:A:T | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 3:42739628:CCATA:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42739629:CATAC:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42739630:ATACC:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42739631:TACC:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 3:42739632:A:AC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
AlphaMissense
4661 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:
| Variant | Protein change | am_pathogenicity |
|---|---|---|
| 3:42739650:A:G | L383P | 0.988 |
| 3:42752669:A:G | L140P | 0.985 |
| 3:42739734:C:G | R355P | 0.984 |
| 3:42739638:A:G | L387P | 0.983 |
| 3:42757104:A:G | L111P | 0.983 |
| 3:42730506:C:G | R560P | 0.982 |
| 3:42757137:A:G | L100P | 0.982 |
| 3:42757149:C:G | R96P | 0.982 |
| 3:42735780:A:G | L433P | 0.981 |
| 3:42745942:A:G | I269T | 0.978 |
| 3:42747306:A:G | L224P | 0.978 |
| 3:42730497:A:G | L563P | 0.976 |
| 3:42735906:A:G | L391P | 0.976 |
| 3:42745964:A:G | W262R | 0.976 |
| 3:42745964:A:T | W262R | 0.976 |
| 3:42757134:A:G | L101P | 0.976 |
| 3:42709019:G:C | F703L | 0.974 |
| 3:42709019:G:T | F703L | 0.974 |
| 3:42709021:A:G | F703L | 0.974 |
| 3:42743047:A:G | L279P | 0.974 |
| 3:42747273:A:G | L235P | 0.974 |
| 3:42735759:C:G | R440P | 0.973 |
| 3:42739642:C:G | A386P | 0.972 |
| 3:42752654:C:G | R145P | 0.972 |
| 3:42747303:C:G | R225P | 0.971 |
| 3:42730476:A:G | L570P | 0.970 |
| 3:42735897:A:G | L394P | 0.970 |
| 3:42745958:C:G | G264R | 0.968 |
| 3:42757176:A:G | L87P | 0.967 |
| 3:42730500:C:G | R562P | 0.963 |
dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000022688 (3:42713388 C>T), RS1000043507 (3:42770634 A>G,T), RS1000117738 (3:42716757 C>A,T), RS1000127617 (3:42732241 G>A), RS1000191977 (3:42716278 A>G), RS1000365267 (3:42756312 A>G), RS1000375234 (3:42756008 C>G,T), RS1000459528 (3:42730645 C>T), RS1000495342 (3:42731055 G>A), RS1000553105 (3:42749754 GT>G), RS1000555669 (3:42743449 G>C,T), RS1000631058 (3:42774597 A>G), RS1000718982 (3:42726025 A>G), RS1000740998 (3:42737072 C>A), RS1000825785 (3:42736136 A>G)
Disease associations
OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:
GenCC curated gene-disease
Mondo (0):
Orphanet (0):
HPO phenotypes
0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):
GWAS associations
4 associations (top):
| Study | Trait | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| GCST001762_774 | Obesity-related traits | 2.000000e-07 |
| GCST001762_789 | Obesity-related traits | 2.000000e-07 |
| GCST002129_6 | Periodontitis (DPAL) | 6.000000e-06 |
| GCST002595_14 | Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis | 3.000000e-06 |
EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)
| EFO ID | Trait name |
|---|---|
| EFO:0005188 | CCL11 measurement |
Drugs & pharmacology
Drug and pharmacology data
Is drug target: no
PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)
CTD chemical–gene interactions
20 total (human), top 20 by PubMed support.
| Chemical | Actions (top 5) | PubMed papers |
|---|---|---|
| entinostat | increases expression, affects cotreatment | 2 |
| Air Pollutants | increases expression, affects expression, increases abundance | 2 |
| Phenylmercuric Acetate | affects cotreatment, increases expression | 2 |
| Smoke | decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression | 2 |
| dicrotophos | decreases expression | 1 |
| bisphenol A | affects cotreatment, increases methylation | 1 |
| tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate | affects expression | 1 |
| butyraldehyde | decreases expression | 1 |
| pentanal | decreases expression | 1 |
| 2-palmitoylglycerol | increases expression | 1 |
| 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide | affects cotreatment, increases expression | 1 |
| abrine | increases expression | 1 |
| dorsomorphin | affects cotreatment, increases expression | 1 |
| licochalcone B | increases expression | 1 |
| Fulvestrant | increases methylation, affects cotreatment | 1 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | affects methylation, decreases methylation, increases methylation | 1 |
| Ozone | affects expression, increases abundance | 1 |
| Phthalic Acids | increases methylation | 1 |
| Tobacco Smoke Pollution | decreases expression | 1 |
| Okadaic Acid | decreases expression | 1 |
Clinical trials (associated diseases)
0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.
Related Atlas pages
No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.