CD52

Summary

CD52 (CD52 molecule, HGNC:1804) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p36.11, encoding CAMPATH-1 antigen (P31358). May play a role in carrying and orienting carbohydrate, as well as having a more specific role.

Involved in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. Predicted to be located in extracellular region and plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in sperm midpiece.

Source: NCBI Gene 1043 — automated summary from GO annotations (Alliance of Genome Resources).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 16 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 29 tissues, sQTL in 2 (q < 0.05)
• Drug target: yes — 2 curated mechanism-of-action drugs
• Approved drugs (ChEMBL mechanism of action): 1 — Alemtuzumab
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.12 (intermediate), LOEUF 1.79 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001803
• Interaction hub: 1,856 STRING partners (top 9% of genes corpus-wide)

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1804
Approved symbol	CD52
Name	CD52 molecule
Location	1p36.11
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HE5, EDDM5
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000169442
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	114280
Entrez	1043

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 5 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000374213

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 2, TSL 3: 1

ENST00000374213, ENST00000470468, ENST00000492808, ENST00001100343, ENST00001100344, ENST00001100345, ENST00001145791

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001803 NM_001803

CCDS: CCDS30647

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000374213 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001231714	26320171	26320523
ENSE00001878102	26317958	26318071

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 243 present calls, max score 100.00.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 203.0901 / max 13755.5005, expressed in 747 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): corpus epididymis, cauda epididymis, granulocyte, leukocyte, monocyte.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

CD52 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 29 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 2 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 31 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Whole Blood	eqtl	1.3e-51	+0.39	1:26305436:T:C
Heart Left Ventricle	eqtl	2.5e-39	-0.85	1:26312009:C:A
Lung	eqtl	3.7e-24	+0.35	1:26296209:C:T
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	4.6e-22	-0.52	1:26294610:G:A
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	3.1e-15	+0.40	1:26296209:C:T
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	1.7e-13	-0.36	1:26251494:G:A
Brain Anterior cingulate cortex BA24	eqtl	4.4e-10	-0.66	1:26242435:G:A
Adipose Visceral Omentum	eqtl	9.4e-10	+0.28	1:26300121:C:T
Brain Frontal Cortex BA9	eqtl	1.9e-09	-0.55	1:26286760:T:C
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	2.4e-09	-0.27	1:26263941:G:A
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction	eqtl	2.7e-08	+0.30	1:26305436:T:C
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	3.0e-08	+0.24	1:26163267:G:T
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	1.1e-07	-0.32	1:26295313:G:A
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	1.2e-07	-0.20	1:26275079:A:G
Uterus	eqtl	1.5e-07	-0.71	1:26275079:A:G
Pancreas	eqtl	1.1e-06	+0.33	1:26305436:T:C
Brain Cortex	eqtl	1.1e-06	-0.48	1:26275079:A:G
Heart Atrial Appendage	eqtl	1.2e-06	-0.35	1:26263691:G:A
Brain Amygdala	eqtl	2.0e-05	-0.55	1:26251494:G:A
Artery Tibial	eqtl	2.7e-05	+0.18	1:26319479:T:A

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
1599	187.1837	727
1598	15.9064	534

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 284 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	100.00	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	99.89	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	99.87	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	99.63	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	99.62	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	99.62	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	99.52	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	99.20	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	98.98	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	98.80	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	98.79	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	98.72	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	98.48	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	98.21	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	97.79	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	97.79	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	97.66	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	97.62	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	97.35	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	96.43	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	96.28	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	96.07	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	95.54	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	95.48	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	95.23	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	95.16	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	94.53	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	92.64	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	91.89	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	91.65	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	91.50	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	91.41	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	91.32	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	90.29	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	90.21	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	90.15	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	90.08	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	90.02	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	89.74	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	88.89	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	88.70	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	88.34	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	88.03	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	87.58	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	86.74	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	86.51	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	86.35	gold quality
connective tissue	UBERON:0002384	86.28	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	86.15	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	86.11	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	85.96	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	85.87	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	85.81	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	85.57	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	85.45	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	85.11	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	84.90	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	84.82	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	84.72	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	84.70	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	84.57	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	84.57	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	84.41	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	84.40	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	84.39	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	84.26	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	84.14	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	83.99	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	83.82	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	83.78	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	83.60	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	83.58	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	83.55	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	83.52	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	83.44	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	83.23	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	83.18	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	83.15	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	83.12	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	83.10	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	82.92	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	82.88	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	82.86	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	82.76	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	82.74	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	82.72	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	82.62	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	82.33	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	82.09	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	81.93	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	81.71	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	81.69	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	81.57	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	81.43	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	81.29	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	81.28	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	80.98	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	80.97	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	80.96	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	80.86	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 57 experiment(s), a significant marker in 46.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9467	yes	3831.98
E-MTAB-7606	yes	3765.60
E-HCAD-36	yes	3653.91
E-HCAD-4	yes	3429.35
E-MTAB-7407	yes	3154.53
E-MTAB-6701	yes	3041.92
E-MTAB-9906	yes	2997.65
E-GEOD-111727	yes	2784.70
E-HCAD-15	yes	2741.45
E-HCAD-8	yes	2724.25
E-MTAB-8410	yes	2630.46
E-MTAB-8221	yes	2559.99
E-CURD-79	yes	2415.74
E-HCAD-10	yes	2147.98
E-MTAB-8530	yes	2137.75

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enriched

showing 60 of 76 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM
Epididymis	tissue	34113.9
Tonsil	tissue	1172.5
Lymph node	tissue	1009.2
Thymus	tissue	977.7
Spleen	tissue	517.0
Lung	tissue	422.4
Appendix	tissue	280.5
Bone marrow	tissue	251.5
Urinary bladder	tissue	126.3
Seminal vesicle	tissue	98.1
Rectum	tissue	90.7
Gallbladder	tissue	83.6
Stomach 1	tissue	81.9
Colon	tissue	64.1
Small intestine	tissue	55.7
Breast	tissue	55.6
Liver	tissue	51.2
Smooth muscle	tissue	44.1
Duodenum	tissue	39.1
Salivary gland	tissue	35.3
Adipose tissue	tissue	33.8
Esophagus	tissue	32.9
Skin 1	tissue	26.3
Cervix	tissue	24.5
Endometrium 1	tissue	19.9
Prostate	tissue	17.9
Fallopian tube	tissue	17.2
Heart muscle	tissue	16.8
Placenta	tissue	15.8
Thyroid gland	tissue	13.8
Vagina	tissue	13.2
Tongue	tissue	12.8
Kidney	tissue	11.6
Ovary	tissue	9.6
Adrenal gland	tissue	9.6
Frontal cortex	tissue	9.1
Caudate putamen	tissue	9.0
Skeletal muscle	tissue	8.8
Choroid plexus	tissue	7.2
Pancreas	tissue	6.6
Pituitary gland	tissue	5.9
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	5.3
Parathyroid gland	tissue	5.1
Testis	tissue	4.4
Spinal cord	tissue	2.4
Hippocampus	tissue	1.6
Locus coeruleus	tissue	1.4
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	1.3
Olfactory bulb	tissue	1.0
Substantia nigra	tissue	0.9
Medulla oblongata	tissue	0.8
Superior colliculi	tissue	0.7
Pons	tissue	0.6
Hypothalamus	tissue	0.6
Hippocampal formation	tissue	0.6
Septum	tissue	0.6
Cerebral cortex	tissue	0.5
Putamen	tissue	0.5
Midbrain	tissue	0.5
Thalamus	tissue	0.5

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 189; highest nTPM — Blood vessel (29.7), Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventral (15.2), Area parastriata, superior (11.1), Claustrum (8.9), Nucleus gracilis (4.3).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NKX2-2, SATB1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting CD52 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

7 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6887-3P	99.66	67.83	1778
HSA-MIR-186-3P	99.51	66.24	1685
HSA-MIR-4426	99.17	66.74	1949
HSA-MIR-4478	99.07	65.16	2320
HSA-MIR-214-5P	97.34	66.50	617
HSA-MIR-6859-3P	97.26	64.69	428
HSA-MIR-6798-3P	94.55	68.78	325

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.118, LOEUF 1.79, missense Z 0.702 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000374213 — one region, missense o/e 0.82.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 23)

• A review on CD52 expression and function (PMID:11257744)
• Review article on CD52 structure and function. (PMID:11860230)
• HE5(CD52) mRNA and protein, expressed in epithelial cells of the distal epididymis, were not affected by the obstruction of the vas deferens. (PMID:14662784)
• The relationship between this differential insertion and differences in glycosylation of rat and human CD52 is discussed. (PMID:16266689)
• CD52 is widely expressed on human mast cells (MCs) and Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic cells and provide the preclinical rationale for the use of alemtuzumab in the treatment of WM and possibly other MC-related disorders. (PMID:16796779)
• In this study, we identified the antigen of 4C8 mAb as CD52. CD52 is a costimulatory molecule for induction of CD4-positive T cells. (PMID:16797237)
• In contrast with CLL, the variable expression of CD52 among other hematologic malignancies suggests that target validation on a case-by-case basis will likely be necessary to guide the rational analysis of CAMPATH therapy. (PMID:17145843)
• Our data demonstrate differences in the intensity of the CD52 antigen expression between B-lymphocytes and tumor lymphocytes of B-CLL patients, and between B-CLL and SLL tumor cells. CD52 antigen is expressed at low level on CD34(+) cells. (PMID:17428002)
• The semenogelin-CD52 soluble form is a direct consequence of the liquefaction process in human semen. (PMID:17624925)
• We first showed the expression of CD52 in human cumulus cells. CD52 has some functional roles around fertilization in females as well as in males. (PMID:18647288)
• Clonal large granular lymphocytes exhibited decreased CD52 expression post-therapy in patients refractory to treatment. (PMID:19794084)
• Our bioinformatics findings suggest that CD52 polymorphism may affect the efficiency of GPI anchor formation and thus may indirectly alter the response to anti-CD52 agents like alemtuzumabin renal transplantation. (PMID:20349607)
• CT60 single-nucleotide polymorphism of CTLA4 is a surrogate marker for donor lymphocyte infusion outcome after allogeneic cell transplantation for acute leukemia (PMID:21552305)
• carbohydrate moiety of sperm protein interferes with the complement system via binding to C1q (PMID:22386526)
• A molecular and computational diagnostic approach identifies FOXP3, ICOS, CD52 and CASP1 as the most informative biomarkers in acute graft-versus-host disease. (PMID:22491736)
• CD52 is a novel prognostic NSC marker and a potential NSC target in a subset of patients with MDS and AML, which may have clinical implications and may explain clinical effects produced by alemtuzumab in these patients. (PMID:24799522)
• This polyclonal mutational landscape in the PIGA gene was also found in CD52(-) T cells present. (PMID:29427418)
• soluble CD52 exerts a concerted immunosuppressive effect by first sequestering HMGB1 to nullify its proinflammatory Box B, followed by binding to the inhibitory Siglec-10 receptor, triggering recruitment of SHP1 to the intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif of Siglec-10 and its interaction with the TCR. (PMID:29997173)
• Mutations in PIGA cause a CD52-/GPI-anchor-deficient phenotype complicating alemtuzumab treatment in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. (PMID:32875608)
• CD52 Is Elevated on B cells of SLE Patients and Regulates B Cell Function. (PMID:33658999)
• High expression of CD52 in adipocytes: a potential therapeutic target for obesity with type 2 diabetes. (PMID:33705353)
• Base-Edited CAR7 T Cells for Relapsed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (PMID:37314354)
• CD52 mRNA expression predicts prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma. (PMID:37975535)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Cd52	ENSMUSG00000000682
rattus_norvegicus	Cd52	ENSRNOG00000015403

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1346088) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 1 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
increased circulating glucose level	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Macaca fascicularis	P32763	86.9%	Diamond
Canis lupus familiaris	Q28896	55.2%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
ZNF683	protein-coding	257101
CRYBG2	protein-coding	55057
LIN28A	protein-coding	79727
SH3BGRL3	protein-coding	83442
UBXN11	protein-coding	91544
CEP85	protein-coding	64793

Protein

Protein identifiers

CAMPATH-1 antigen — P31358 (reviewed: P31358)

Alternative names: CDw52, Cambridge pathology 1 antigen, Epididymal secretory protein E5, Human epididymis-specific protein 5

All UniProt accessions (2): P31358, V9HWN9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a role in carrying and orienting carbohydrate, as well as having a more specific role.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001794* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026643	CAMPATH-1	Family

Pfam: PF15116

UniProt features (9 total): glycosylation site 2, sequence variant 2, signal peptide 1, peptide 1, propeptide 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1, helix 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
6OBD	Crystal structure of anti-GLD52 Fab complex with human GLD52 peptide mimetic	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P31358-F1	68.22	0.00

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab)

2 antibodies co-crystallized with this protein: 6OBD, GATRALIMAB

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: CD markers, Predicted membrane proteins, Cancer-related genes, Candidate cancer biomarkers, FDA approved drug targets, Biotech drugs

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1)

Type	Positions
Gpi-anchor amidated serine	36

Glycosylation sites (2)

Type	Positions
N-linked (glcnac…) asparagine	27, 40

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 3; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

3 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-163125	Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins	curated
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins	—
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification	—

MSigDB gene sets: 259 (showing top): WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, YAGI_AML_WITH_INV_16_TRANSLOCATION, MODULE_45, GRAHAM_CML_QUIESCENT_VS_NORMAL_QUIESCENT_DN, BOYLAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_D_DN, FINAK_BREAST_CANCER_SDPP_SIGNATURE, DEURIG_T_CELL_PROLYMPHOCYTIC_LEUKEMIA_DN, GOBP_RESPIRATORY_BURST, HAHTOLA_CTCL_PATHOGENESIS, BROWN_MYELOID_CELL_DEVELOPMENT_UP, SANSOM_APC_TARGETS_DN, LASTOWSKA_NEUROBLASTOMA_COPY_NUMBER_DN, KANG_IMMORTALIZED_BY_TERT_DN, VALK_AML_CLUSTER_15, MODULE_60

GO Biological Process (2): positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration (GO:0007204), respiratory burst (GO:0045730)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): extracellular region (GO:0005576), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), sperm midpiece (GO:0097225), side of membrane (GO:0098552)

Reactome top-level categories

2 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Post-translational protein modification	1
Metabolism of proteins	1

GO top-level categories

8 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
membrane	2
regulation of biological quality	1
metabolic process	1
binding	1
cell periphery	1
sperm flagellum	1
leaflet of membrane bilayer	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 1 of 8 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

1 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	BP	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 1,856 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CD52	CD19	P15391	654
CD52	CD22	P20273	622
CD52	CD4	P01730	621
CD52	CD8A	P01732	592
CD52	TNFRSF8	P28908	572
CD52	SIGLEC10	Q96LC7	572
CD52	CD5	P06127	570
CD52	CD38	P28907	568
CD52	CD7	P09564	567
CD52	CD2	P06729	549
CD52	CD33	P20138	535
CD52	CTLA4	P16410	505
CD52	CD37	P11049	500
CD52	CD28	P10747	493
CD52	NCOR2	Q9Y618	485

IntAct

Human interaction partners of CD52 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

1 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
SIGLEC10	direct interaction	0.610	3

BioGRID (6 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): AQP6 (Two-hybrid), CMTM2 (Two-hybrid), DDX58 (Affinity Capture-RNA), LMNA (Two-hybrid), SLC30A2 (Two-hybrid), TRIM21 (Affinity Capture-Western)

SIGNOR signaling

2 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SATB1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	CD52	“transcriptional regulation”
alemtuzumab	“down-regulates activity”	CD52	binding

Ligand–receptor pairs (CellPhoneDB) (1)

Curated ligand–receptor partners (cell-cell communication), distinct from the protein–protein interactions above.

1 ligand–receptor pairs:

Partner	This gene’s role	Signaling class
SIGLEC10	ligand

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for CD52: 16 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 2 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

16 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	10
Likely benign	2
Benign	2

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 19 predictions of 84):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
1:26318072–26318073	donor_loss	0.9900	5
1:26318772	donor_gain	0.9900
1:26320169–26320170	acceptor_loss	0.9900	6
1:26318919	donor_gain	0.9400
1:26318923	donor_gain	0.9100
1:26318652	donor_gain	0.9000
1:26318721	donor_gain	0.8900
1:26320168	acceptor_gain	0.8100
1:26318766	donor_gain	0.7700
1:26318945	donor_gain	0.7600

AlphaMissense

47 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 404 scored), across 22 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
S12	4	0.922	0.988
L13	3	0.822	0.850
F4	3	0.774	0.774
S61	3	0.755	0.755
F58	3	0.746	0.746
L14	3	0.728	0.840
I19	3	0.701	0.759
Q18	3	0.634	0.662
I54	2	0.793	0.821
A51	2	0.710	0.783
L8	2	0.670	0.752
L47	2	0.659	0.685
L9	2	0.648	0.681
A53	2	0.645	0.664
M16	2	0.599	0.603
N52	2	0.587	0.587
V15	1	0.841	0.841
V50	1	0.701	0.701
L57	1	0.666	0.666
I11	1	0.659	0.659

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

2 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.000416
Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.000961

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:114280 | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

2 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004609_102	Monocyte percentage of white cells	7e-16
GCST90002381_418	Eosinophil count	7e-13

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

2 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007989	monocyte percentage of leukocytes
EFO:0004842	eosinophil count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL1912 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Drugs by curated mechanism of action (ChEMBL)

Drugs whose curated ChEMBL mechanism of action targets the CD52 protein itself — single-protein targets only (drugs acting on a protein family or complex that merely includes it are excluded). Includes antibodies and oligonucleotides that bioactivity screening does not capture.

2 curated-mechanism drugs:

Drug	Modality	Max phase
ALEMTUZUMAB	Antibody	4
ALEMTUZUMAB BETA	Antibody	2

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: other protein — CD molecules

CTD chemical–gene interactions

34 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tretinoin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	5
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment	4
Air Pollutants	increases expression, decreases expression, affects expression, increases abundance	3
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Fluorouracil	affects expression, affects reaction, decreases expression	2
Nickel	increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	increases expression, increases methylation	2
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases methylation	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Decitabine	affects expression	1
Vorinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Cadmium	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Cisplatin	affects expression	1
Diuron	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	increases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Isotretinoin	increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Sodium Selenite	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.