CD53

gene
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Also known as TSPAN25

Summary

CD53 (CD53 molecule, HGNC:1686) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p13.3, encoding Leukocyte surface antigen CD53 (P19397). Structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signaling.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It contributes to the transduction of CD2-generated signals in T cells and natural killer cells and has been suggested to play a role in growth regulation. Familial deficiency of this gene has been linked to an immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 963 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 2
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 34 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_000560

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:1686
Approved symbolCD53
NameCD53 molecule
Location1p13.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesTSPAN25
Ensembl geneENSG00000143119
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM151525
Entrez963

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 24 — 20 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000271324, ENST00000464329, ENST00000471220, ENST00000476408, ENST00000497404, ENST00000648608, ENST00000897406, ENST00000897407, ENST00000897408, ENST00000897409, ENST00000897410, ENST00000897411, ENST00000897412, ENST00000897413, ENST00000897414, ENST00000897415, ENST00000897416, ENST00000897417, ENST00000897418, ENST00000897419, ENST00000897420, ENST00000922910, ENST00000922911, ENST00000922912

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_000560 NM_000560, NM_001040033, NM_001320638

CCDS: CCDS829

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000271324 — 8 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00000958193110897809110897892
ENSE00001933244110873148110873248
ENSE00003568180110894960110895055
ENSE00003568424110892345110892533
ENSE00003625024110894327110894401
ENSE00003639112110891392110891471
ENSE00003684533110896653110896733
ENSE00004028294110899124110899922

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 280 present calls, max score 99.57.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 101.9476 / max 3153.7797, expressed in 661 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (10 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
458180.3215623
458213.4259558
45782.8520118
45831.9732383
45801.9021367
45790.9599173
45900.168593
45890.140756
45840.107763
45880.096248

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
granulocyteCL:000009499.57gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017899.57gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073899.49gold quality
monocyteCL:000057699.48gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084299.48gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210699.36gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115499.28gold quality
lymph nodeUBERON:000002998.97gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237198.77gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209298.66gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195198.31gold quality
nasopharynxUBERON:000172898.30gold quality
caecumUBERON:000115398.23gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216798.11gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895297.60gold quality
trabecular bone tissueUBERON:000248397.51gold quality
upper lobe of lungUBERON:000894897.43gold quality
bone elementUBERON:000147497.41gold quality
thymusUBERON:000237097.36gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211097.23gold quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894996.79gold quality
periodontal ligamentUBERON:000826696.76gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105296.75gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345496.16gold quality
lungUBERON:000204895.61gold quality
deciduaUBERON:000245095.04gold quality
omental fat padUBERON:001041494.89gold quality
peritoneumUBERON:000235894.86gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162594.46gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210894.39gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 22 experiment(s), a significant marker in 18.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-75688yes790.80
E-HCAD-1yes114.08
E-MTAB-6701yes96.07
E-MTAB-8142yes80.85
E-GEOD-135922yes45.42
E-GEOD-84465yes43.04
E-MTAB-8410yes38.70
E-MTAB-10287yes37.77
E-GEOD-134144yes32.13
E-HCAD-10yes24.37
E-HCAD-9yes19.84
E-CURD-112yes18.65
E-HCAD-11yes17.11
E-MTAB-10042yes13.16
E-GEOD-137537yes5.40

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ETS1, SPI1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

37 targeting CD53, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-453199.9969.703181
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-3617-3P99.9867.86918
HSA-MIR-6515-3P99.8268.191933
HSA-MIR-129999.7771.242389
HSA-MIR-6763-5P99.7664.681767
HSA-MIR-3150A-3P99.7664.441640
HSA-MIR-3680-3P99.7572.513095
HSA-MIR-6762-3P99.6666.941188
HSA-MIR-451699.6167.783390
HSA-MIR-7106-5P99.5367.473574
HSA-MIR-203A-3P99.4970.562806
HSA-MIR-1213199.4868.721673
HSA-MIR-431199.3170.473041
HSA-MIR-569099.2567.581012
HSA-MIR-3191-5P99.2466.521722
HSA-MIR-807099.0769.301303
HSA-MIR-361-5P98.9570.161340
HSA-MIR-224-3P98.9168.421815
HSA-MIR-522-3P98.9168.561817
HSA-MIR-4709-3P98.8868.041594
HSA-MIR-374A-3P98.8767.821531
HSA-MIR-412-3P98.8666.89712
HSA-MIR-6754-3P98.8466.60889
HSA-MIR-394598.6864.21553
HSA-MIR-6764-3P98.4467.641153
HSA-MIR-6824-3P98.4467.621154
HSA-MIR-758-3P98.4268.601122
HSA-MIR-653-3P98.3167.711542
HSA-MIR-6882-3P98.2367.011119

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 10)

  • Ligation of CD53 triggers a survival response and reduces the number of cells that enter apoptosis. The CD53 antigen interactions might contribute to cell survival in poorly vascularized regions of the tumor mass. (PMID:12606948)
  • Analysis of lymphocyte subsets showed that the total number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ lymphocytes increased after the intensive protocol before falling below pre-exercise values at 1 h post-exercise. (PMID:16506060)
  • The paradox is that lymphocytes from RA patients are believed to resist apoptosis, and we suggest that the elevated expression of CD53, which results from the increased oxidative stress, may protect against apoptosis. (PMID:17210617)
  • SNP rs6679497 in gene CD53 showed significant association with TNFalpha levels (P=0.001); no association of this SNP was observed with osteoarthritis (PMID:20407468)
  • CD53 is associated with population asthma risk via the functional promoter polymorphism -1560 C>T. (PMID:23313165)
  • In this study, significant and lineage-dependent association of CD53 locus with Tuberculosis (TB) onset was identified from the pathogen lineage-based genome-wide association study (GWAS). (PMID:28878339)
  • Eight SNPs of CD53 were found to be associated with tuberculosis case. (PMID:30506122)
  • Tetraspanin CD53: an overlooked regulator of immune cell function. (PMID:32440787)
  • Open conformation of tetraspanins shapes interaction partner networks on cell membranes. (PMID:32974937)
  • The conformation of tetraspanins CD53 and CD81 differentially affects their nanoscale organization and interaction with their partners. (PMID:39159818)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriozgc:64051ENSDARG00000068233
mus_musculusCd53ENSMUSG00000040747
rattus_norvegicusCd53ENSRNOG00000017874

Paralogs (32): TSPAN6 (ENSG00000000003), CD9 (ENSG00000010278), TSPAN9 (ENSG00000011105), TSPAN17 (ENSG00000048140), TSPAN32 (ENSG00000064201), CD82 (ENSG00000085117), TSPAN15 (ENSG00000099282), CD37 (ENSG00000104894), UPK1A (ENSG00000105668), TSPAN12 (ENSG00000106025), TSPAN13 (ENSG00000106537), TSPAN14 (ENSG00000108219), CD81 (ENSG00000110651), TSPAN11 (ENSG00000110900), PRPH2 (ENSG00000112619), UPK1B (ENSG00000114638), TSPAN1 (ENSG00000117472), TSPAN8 (ENSG00000127324), TSPAN16 (ENSG00000130167), TSPAN2 (ENSG00000134198), CD63 (ENSG00000135404), TSPAN31 (ENSG00000135452), TSPAN3 (ENSG00000140391), ROM1 (ENSG00000149489), TSPAN7 (ENSG00000156298), TSPAN18 (ENSG00000157570), TSPAN33 (ENSG00000158457), TSPAN5 (ENSG00000168785), CD151 (ENSG00000177697), TSPAN10 (ENSG00000182612), TSPAN4 (ENSG00000214063), TSPAN19 (ENSG00000231738)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Leukocyte surface antigen CD53P19397 (reviewed: P19397)

Alternative names: Cell surface glycoprotein CD53, Tetraspanin-25

All UniProt accessions (2): P19397, B4DQB5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signaling. Participates thereby in diverse biological functions such as cell signal transduction, adhesion, migration and protein trafficking. Plays a role in the activation of monocytes and B-cells. Acts as an essential regulator of B-cell development by promoting interleukin-7 receptor/IL7R signaling. Also promotes, in B-cells, the BCR signaling by recruiting PKC to the plasma membrane in order to phosphorylate its substrates. Plays an essential role in B- and T-cells homing to lymph nodes by stabilizing L-selectin/SELL cell surface expression. Also mediates metabolic and inflammatory functions in hepatocytes and adipose tissue by promoting TNF and LPS signaling independent of the immune compartment.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with SCIMP. Interacts with CD45/PTPRC. Interacts with IL7R. Interacts with RBL2 and PPP2CA.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Cell junction. Membrane. Synapse.

Tissue specificity. B-cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, single (CD4 or CD8) positive thymocytes and peripheral T-cells.

Similarity. Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_000551, NP_001035122, NP_001307567 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000301Tetraspanin_animalsFamily
IPR008952Tetraspanin_EC2_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR018499Tetraspanin/PeripherinFamily
IPR018503Tetraspanin_CSConserved_site

Pfam: PF00335

UniProt features (25 total): helix 8, topological domain 5, transmembrane region 4, glycosylation site 2, mutagenesis site 2, strand 2, chain 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
6WVGX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.9

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P19397-F193.050.86

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (2): 129, 148

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

PositionPhenotype
43about 50% loss of b-cell chemotactic activity.
44about 50% loss of b-cell chemotactic activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-6798695Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-168249Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256Immune System

MSigDB gene sets: 274 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, MCLACHLAN_DENTAL_CARIES_UP, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, XU_HGF_TARGETS_REPRESSED_BY_AKT1_DN, MODULE_45, MODULE_64, GOBP_STRIATED_MUSCLE_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, LANG_MYB_FAMILY_TARGETS, KYNG_DNA_DAMAGE_DN, MODULE_16, WIELAND_UP_BY_HBV_INFECTION, HERNANDEZ_ABERRANT_MITOSIS_BY_DOCETACEL_4NM_UP, MODULE_118

GO Biological Process (4): signal transduction (GO:0007165), receptor clustering (GO:0043113), positive regulation of myoblast fusion (GO:1901741), T cell receptor signaling pathway (GO:0050852)

GO Molecular Function (3): identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein-membrane adaptor activity (GO:0043495), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (9): immunological synapse (GO:0001772), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell-cell junction (GO:0005911), specific granule membrane (GO:0035579), synapse (GO:0045202), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), tertiary granule membrane (GO:0070821), membrane (GO:0016020), anchoring junction (GO:0070161)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Innate Immune System1
Immune System1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
plasma membrane2
cellular anatomical structure2
secretory granule membrane2
cell junction2
cell communication1
cellular process1
signaling1
regulation of cellular process1
cellular response to stimulus1
protein localization to membrane1
myoblast fusion1
positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion1
regulation of myoblast fusion1
antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway1
protein binding1
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity1
binding1
membrane1
cell periphery1
anchoring junction1
specific granule1
extracellular vesicle1
tertiary granule1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1792 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
CD53CD2P06729884
CD53CD82P27701823
CD53UPK1AO00322760
CD53CD101Q93033719
CD53UPK1BO75841714
CD53TSPAN31Q12999694
CD53LAPTM5Q13571668
CD53CD37P11049662
CD53ITGB2P05107656
CD53TM4SF1P30408654
CD53UPK3AO75631649
CD53CD151P48509635
CD53CD58P19256627
CD53TYROBPO43914601
CD53C1QBP02746591

IntAct

234 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
CD53GJA8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
AIG1CD53psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
SLC35A1CD53psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53CD302psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53PMP22psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53TMEM60psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53MS4A3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53CREB3L1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53BCL2L13psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53BIKpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53TMEM237psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
ASGR2CD53psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53CD53psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53PLNpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53CLCN7psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53LSMEM1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53ST6GAL2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53CTXN3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
STRIT1CD53psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53SMAGPpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53CLEC7Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53COL4A5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53BTN2A2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD37CD53psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53SNORCpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CD53TRAM1L1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560

BioGRID (96): CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A5A6N6, C3VMW3, D3ZQJ0, E9QHT9, F1QIK8, O35682, O35912, O88551, O88662, O95832, P19397, P24485, P47801, P54848, P54849, P54850, P54851, P54852, P56745, P56746, P56748, P56750, P57739, Q2KIY2, Q2NKU9, Q4KL25, Q58DM3, Q58DR6, Q5PPI7, Q5RCY3, Q61451, Q63ZU3, Q66HH2, Q66IV3, Q6DFR5, Q6DHP1, Q6GPN9, Q6L708, Q7ZWW7, Q7ZZL8

Diamond homologs: A0A8M2B5N2, A0A8V0ZLT4, B0BM39, B3VSC2, B5X3I6, O14817, O60635, O60636, O75954, P11049, P19397, P24485, P30932, P35762, P40240, P62079, P62080, Q06AA5, Q17QJ5, Q22495, Q2KHY8, Q2KIS9, Q3T0S3, Q4R7W6, Q4V8E0, Q568Y5, Q58CY8, Q58DM3, Q5R9S6, Q5RAP3, Q5RC27, Q61451, Q68VK5, Q6AYR9, Q6DCQ3, Q6GMK6, Q80WR1, Q8BJU2, Q8QZY6, Q8R3G9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

34 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance21
Likely benign1
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1039 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
1:110873249:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
1:110891388:TTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
1:110891389:TAGGG:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
1:110891390:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
1:110891390:A:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
1:110891390:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
1:110891391:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
1:110891391:GG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
1:110891470:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
1:110891471:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
1:110891471:GGTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
1:110891472:G:Adonor_loss1.0000
1:110891472:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
1:110894942:T:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
1:110873247:AG:Adonor_gain0.9900
1:110873248:GG:Gdonor_gain0.9900
1:110889105:T:Gdonor_gain0.9900
1:110891383:A:AGacceptor_gain0.9900
1:110891390:AGG:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
1:110891391:GGG:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:110891391:GGGC:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:110891391:GGGCA:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:110891438:G:GGdonor_gain0.9900
1:110891467:TTTGG:Tdonor_gain0.9900
1:110891468:TTGG:Tdonor_gain0.9900
1:110892344:GATCT:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:110892530:GTCG:Gdonor_gain0.9900
1:110892532:CGGT:Cdonor_loss0.9900
1:110892533:GGT:Gdonor_loss0.9900
1:110892534:GTGA:Gdonor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

1441 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
1:110896688:G:CW153C0.997
1:110896688:G:TW153C0.997
1:110895035:T:AW135R0.993
1:110895035:T:CW135R0.993
1:110896659:T:AC144S0.992
1:110896660:G:CC144S0.992
1:110896665:G:TG146C0.992
1:110892459:G:CG60R0.991
1:110894327:T:CF85L0.991
1:110894329:C:AF85L0.991
1:110894329:C:GF85L0.991
1:110897881:T:CC193R0.991
1:110892498:G:CG73R0.990
1:110896659:T:CC144R0.990
1:110896710:T:AC161S0.990
1:110896711:G:CC161S0.990
1:110897812:T:AC170S0.989
1:110897813:G:CC170S0.989
1:110895037:G:CW135C0.988
1:110895037:G:TW135C0.988
1:110896661:T:GC144W0.988
1:110896662:T:AC145S0.988
1:110896663:G:CC145S0.988
1:110896666:G:TG146V0.988
1:110892460:G:AG60D0.987
1:110892354:T:CC25R0.986
1:110892373:G:AG31E0.986
1:110892489:G:CG70R0.986
1:110897875:T:CC191R0.986
1:110894985:T:CL118P0.985

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000275003 (1:110889414 C>G), RS1000281431 (1:110895876 C>T), RS1000289726 (1:110896238 T>A), RS1000575800 (1:110883176 T>C), RS1000610857 (1:110890679 G>A), RS1000726465 (1:110890396 G>A), RS1000750818 (1:110897417 T>C), RS1000816375 (1:110895763 G>A), RS1000835559 (1:110876926 T>C), RS1000889386 (1:110884431 G>A), RS1000941146 (1:110884694 A>G), RS1001023527 (1:110884462 T>C), RS1001200089 (1:110872725 G>A,C), RS1001227741 (1:110888403 G>T), RS1001272914 (1:110871040 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:151525 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001272_4Cytomegalovirus antibody response5.000000e-06
GCST001762_378Obesity-related traits9.000000e-06

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Tretinoinincreases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment4
Antirheumatic Agentsdecreases expression2
testosterone enanthateaffects expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
terbufosdecreases methylation1
cobaltous chlorideincreases expression1
tamibaroteneincreases expression1
CGP 52608increases reaction, affects binding1
Arsenic Trioxideincreases expression, affects cotreatment1
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases methylation1
Cadmiumdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Calcitrioldecreases expression1
Cisplatinincreases expression1
Dexamethasoneincreases expression1
Diurondecreases expression1
Fonofosdecreases methylation1
Parathiondecreases methylation1
Phthalic Acidsdecreases methylation1
Dronabinoldecreases expression1
Thiophenesincreases expression, increases reaction1
Triclosandecreases expression1
Cyclosporineincreases methylation1
Sodium Seleniteincreases expression1
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.