CFAP251

Summary

CFAP251 (cilia and flagella associated protein 251, HGNC:28506) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q24.31, encoding Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 251 (Q8TBY9). Involved in spermatozoa motility.

This protein encoded by this gene belongs to the WD repeat-containing family of proteins, which function in the formation of protein-protein complexes in a variety of biological pathways. This family member appears to function in the determination of mean platelet volume (MPV), and polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with variance in MPV. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 144406 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure 33 (Strong, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 15
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 228 total — 6 pathogenic, 4 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 8
• MANE Select transcript: NM_144668

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:28506
Approved symbol	CFAP251
Name	cilia and flagella associated protein 251
Location	12q24.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC33630, CaM-IP4
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000158023
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	618146
Entrez	144406

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 6 protein_coding, 5 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000288912, ENST00000397454, ENST00000428465, ENST00000535257, ENST00000540779, ENST00000543211, ENST00000545752, ENST00000545988, ENST00000546044, ENST00000880754, ENST00000880755, ENST00000880756, ENST00000969643

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_144668 NM_001178003, NM_144668

CCDS: CCDS41853, CCDS53840

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000288912 — 22 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001036597	121975244	121975334
ENSE00001036609	121975542	121975685
ENSE00001112069	121999716	121999944
ENSE00001190266	121961978	121962162
ENSE00001190271	121960585	121960758
ENSE00001190275	121958943	121959094
ENSE00001190287	121954120	121954334
ENSE00001213624	121931746	121931886
ENSE00001213643	121921286	121921683
ENSE00001281051	121951480	121951530
ENSE00001312649	121948984	121949061
ENSE00001328153	121934247	121934356
ENSE00002255783	121918592	121918695
ENSE00003479770	121957074	121957268
ENSE00003482834	121968006	121968169
ENSE00003493958	121923622	121923990
ENSE00003545474	122003652	122003919
ENSE00003551702	122001497	122001598
ENSE00003638717	121942895	121942975
ENSE00003660620	121942534	121942645
ENSE00003663832	121958272	121958522
ENSE00003671659	121966955	121967069

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 177 present calls, max score 97.07.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 1.9073 / max 107.8093, expressed in 630 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
128478	1.4942	542
128477	0.3339	151
128479	0.0542	21
128493	0.0250	10

Top tissues by expression

253 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	97.07	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	96.65	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	95.26	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	94.35	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	93.94	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	91.93	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	86.64	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	85.60	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	84.99	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	84.92	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	84.76	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	84.75	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	84.73	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	84.37	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	83.53	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	83.24	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	82.75	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	82.09	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	81.40	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	81.14	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	80.83	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	79.51	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	79.32	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	78.13	silver quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	77.78	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	77.53	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	76.43	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	74.27	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	73.97	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	73.42	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	11.53
E-MTAB-9388	yes	6.56

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

14 targeting CFAP251, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-218-5P	99.93	72.22	2103
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-4799-5P	99.82	70.60	2663
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-6883-5P	99.69	68.05	3785
HSA-MIR-5700	99.64	69.88	2280
HSA-MIR-1249-5P	99.61	66.55	2049
HSA-MIR-6797-5P	99.61	66.55	2084
HSA-MIR-2113	99.58	71.22	1521
HSA-MIR-190B-3P	99.33	68.29	1382
HSA-MIR-4744	99.01	69.91	1581
HSA-MIR-513B-3P	98.76	68.12	1577

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 9)

• Indicates that an intronic SNP in the WDR66 gene associates with 2-hydroxyisobutyrate concentrations. (PMID:21572414)
• Analysis of indel variations in the human disease-associated genes CDKN2AIP, WDR66, USP20 and OR7C2 in a Korean population. (PMID:22552337)
• WDR66 expression is likely to play an important role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth and invasion as a positive modulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (PMID:23514407)
• WDR66 as a gene associated with the MMAF phenotype and highlighting the importance of the WDR66 C-terminal region. (PMID:30122540)
• Biallelic mutations of CFAP251 is associated with sperm flagellar defects and male infertility. (PMID:30310178)
• WDR66 expression was identified to be inversely associated with PTEN expression and negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Collectively, the results of the study revealed a novel function of WDR66 in mediating the progression of PTENdeficient SACCs. (PMID:30569117)
• WDR66 expression is regulated by Lin28a and FBXL19-AS1 in breast cancer. (PMID:31140103)
• Eukaryotic initiation Factor 4AIII facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process via antagonistically binding to WD repeat domain 66 with miRNA-2113. (PMID:31975383)
• Biallelic variants in MAATS1 encoding CFAP91, a calmodulin-associated and spoke-associated complex protein, cause severe astheno-teratozoospermia and male infertility. (PMID:32161152)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cfap251	ENSDARG00000059855
mus_musculus	Cfap251	ENSMUSG00000029442
rattus_norvegicus	Cfap251	ENSRNOG00000001342
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000085554

Paralogs (9): EML1 (ENSG00000066629), EML2 (ENSG00000125746), EML4 (ENSG00000143924), EML3 (ENSG00000149499), WDR90 (ENSG00000161996), EML5 (ENSG00000165521), CFAP52 (ENSG00000166596), CFAP44 (ENSG00000206530), EML6 (ENSG00000214595)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 251 — Q8TBY9 (reviewed: Q8TBY9)

Alternative names: WD repeat-containing protein 66

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8TBY9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Involved in spermatozoa motility. May also regulate cilium motility through its role in the assembly of the axonemal radial spokes.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Cilium axoneme. Cell projection. Cilium. Flagellum.

Tissue specificity. Isoform 1 is highly expressed in testis and, at lower levels, in lung. Very low levels are detected in kidney and brain. In testis, expressed in spermatozoa (at protein level). Isoform 2 is not detected in testis, lung, kidney, nor in brain.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 33 (SPGF33) [MIM:618152] An autosomal recessive infertility disorder caused by spermatogenesis defects that result in multiple abnormalities of sperm flagellum, including short, bent, curled, thick, or absent flagella. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8TBY9-1	1, T1	yes
Q8TBY9-2	2, T2
Q8TBY9-3	3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001171474, NP_653269* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001680	WD40_rpt	Repeat
IPR011047	Quinoprotein_ADH-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011992	EF-hand-dom_pair	Homologous_superfamily
IPR015943	WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036322	WD40_repeat_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050630	WD_repeat_EMAP	Family

Pfam: PF00400

UniProt features (39 total): repeat 14, compositionally biased region 8, sequence variant 5, sequence conflict 5, splice variant 4, region of interest 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8J07	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.1

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8TBY9-F1	76.84	0.50

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 103 (showing top): RICKMAN_METASTASIS_DN, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOBP_CILIUM_MOVEMENT, GOBP_CILIUM_OR_FLAGELLUM_DEPENDENT_CELL_MOTILITY, RGAGGAARY_PU1_Q6, GOCC_CYTOPLASMIC_REGION, GOCC_MOTILE_CILIUM, GOCC_SPERM_MIDPIECE, GOCC_CILIUM, chr12q24, RAY_TUMORIGENESIS_BY_ERBB2_CDC25A_UP, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, TST1_01, FORTSCHEGGER_PHF8_TARGETS_DN

GO Biological Process (2): cilium movement (GO:0003341), flagellated sperm motility (GO:0030317)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): axoneme (GO:0005930), motile cilium (GO:0031514), sperm flagellum (GO:0036126), radial spoke stalk (GO:0001536), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cilium (GO:0005929), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
microtubule-based movement	1
cilium-dependent cell motility	1
cilium movement involved in cell motility	1
sperm motility	1
binding	1
cytoskeleton	1
microtubule	1
ciliary plasm	1
cilium	1
9+2 motile cilium	1
radial spoke	1
protein-containing complex	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1038 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CFAP251	CFAP91	Q7Z4T9	817
CFAP251	CFAP43	Q8NDM7	798
CFAP251	CFAP61	Q8NHU2	784
CFAP251	CFAP69	A5D8W1	715
CFAP251	DNAH1	Q9P2D7	652
CFAP251	QRICH2	Q9H0J4	640
CFAP251	ARMC2	Q8NEN0	640
CFAP251	CFAP70	Q5T0N1	637
CFAP251	TTC21A	Q8NDW8	634
CFAP251	FSIP2	Q5CZC0	624
CFAP251	TTC29	Q8NA56	612
CFAP251	SPEF2	Q9C093	589
CFAP251	CFAP58	Q5T655	582
CFAP251	KRTAP20-3	Q3LI60	570
CFAP251	DNAH6	Q9C0G6	546

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DNAJC7	PLD2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ZNF397	ZNF213	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
BAG2	HGS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IMPDH1	BCAT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HSPB1	CFAP251	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
DNAJA2	ENC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (5): WDR66 (Two-hybrid), WDR66 (Biochemical Activity), WDR66 (Affinity Capture-MS), WDR66 (Affinity Capture-RNA), WDR66 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0G2KIZ8, A0A1L8GXY4, A0A571BF63, A0A8M9QN10, A2CEI4, A2RRP1, A4D1P6, A6H8T2, A9X1C6, B0FXQ5, B1WC10, B2KIQ4, B2RY71, B2RYI0, B7FF09, B7FF12, E9PYY5, F1QHZ6, Q1LXZ7, Q2HJE1, Q3UMY5, Q402B2, Q4V8G4, Q5R6T6, Q5RE88, Q5U1Z0, Q5VTH9, Q5XIZ9, Q5ZLL7, Q6DFC6, Q6DTM3, Q6GPB9, Q6P2C0, Q6TEN6, Q7TMQ7, Q7ZVR1, Q8BMG7, Q8BX17, Q8C147, Q8IWG1

Diamond homologs: E9Q743, Q5RE88, Q8TBY9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

228 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	6
Likely pathogenic	4
Uncertain significance	150
Likely benign	27
Benign	11

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (10)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
2636927	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.799C>T (p.Arg267Ter)	Pathogenic
3382462	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.1930_1931del (p.Arg644fs)	Pathogenic
3382463	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.202del (p.Glu68fs)	Pathogenic
545693	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.1588_1589del (p.Leu530fs)	Pathogenic
548450	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.123del (p.Asp42fs)	Pathogenic
586974	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.3007-4915_3338-930del	Pathogenic
3780799	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.385C>T (p.Gln129Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3780800	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.186_187insAGGAGGAGGAGGAGAAA (p.Glu63fs)	Likely pathogenic
3780801	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.196_197insAGAAAGGAGGAGG (p.Gly66fs)	Likely pathogenic
4845783	NM_144668.6(CFAP251):c.1304dup (p.Leu436fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

3691 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:121923989:TGGT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121923990:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121923991:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121923992:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121931883:TCAGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121931886:GG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121931888:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121934355:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:121934356:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:121942532:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121942533:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121942893:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121942894:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121951478:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121951479:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121968001:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:121968002:CTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:121968003:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:121968004:A:AC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:121968004:AGGTG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121968005:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121968005:GGTGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121968145:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
12:121968146:G:GA	donor_gain	1.0000
12:121968171:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:121975333:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:121975334:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:121975530:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121975531:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:121975538:ATAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7582 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:121960735:A:C	S762R	0.999
12:121960737:C:A	S762R	0.999
12:121960737:C:G	S762R	0.999
12:121942913:T:A	W377R	0.998
12:121942913:T:C	W377R	0.998
12:121949026:A:C	S412R	0.998
12:121949028:C:A	S412R	0.998
12:121949028:C:G	S412R	0.998
12:121968153:T:A	W919R	0.997
12:121968153:T:C	W919R	0.997
12:121934340:T:A	W328R	0.996
12:121934340:T:C	W328R	0.996
12:121959086:G:C	A709P	0.996
12:121960642:T:A	W731R	0.996
12:121960642:T:C	W731R	0.996
12:121960696:T:C	F749L	0.996
12:121960698:T:A	F749L	0.996
12:121960698:T:G	F749L	0.996
12:121960741:G:T	G764W	0.996
12:121961984:T:G	Y772D	0.995
12:121954216:T:A	W473R	0.994
12:121954216:T:C	W473R	0.994
12:121958414:A:C	S625R	0.994
12:121958416:C:A	S625R	0.994
12:121958416:C:G	S625R	0.994
12:121958988:T:C	L676P	0.994
12:121959062:T:C	F701L	0.994
12:121959064:T:A	F701L	0.994
12:121959064:T:G	F701L	0.994
12:121959092:G:C	A711P	0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000014411 (12:121957519 A>G), RS1000024563 (12:121922951 A>G), RS1000041263 (12:121930269 A>C), RS1000042344 (12:121950254 T>A,C), RS1000092876 (12:122000077 A>G), RS1000106760 (12:121952459 C>T), RS1000108624 (12:121964446 T>C), RS1000166678 (12:121992502 T>A), RS1000218592 (12:121945372 C>T), RS1000309236 (12:121989029 C>T), RS1000320320 (12:121923148 C>T), RS1000359339 (12:121981645 C>T), RS1000423863 (12:121953350 C>T), RS1000449567 (12:121994975 AAAT>A), RS1000457427 (12:121996974 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:618146 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618152, MIM:617576

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure 33	Strong	Autosomal recessive
non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder	Supportive	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (4): spermatogenic failure 33 (MONDO:0029147), male infertility with teratozoospermia due to single gene mutation (MONDO:0018394), spermatogenic failure 18 (MONDO:0054615), (MONDO:0017173)

Orphanet (2): Non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder (Orphanet:276234), Male infertility with teratozoospermia due to single gene mutation (Orphanet:399808)

HPO phenotypes

8 total (8 of 8 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0012207	Reduced sperm motility
HP:0032558	Absent sperm flagella
HP:0032559	Short sperm flagella
HP:0032560	Coiled sperm flagella
HP:0033393	Irregularly shaped sperm tail

GWAS associations

15 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000305_3	Mean platelet volume	7.000000e-48
GCST000497_8	Mean platelet volume	3.000000e-44
GCST001073_1	Urinary metabolites	1.000000e-46
GCST001335_24	Mean platelet volume	1.000000e-103
GCST001337_39	Platelet count	1.000000e-10
GCST002184_10	Mean platelet volume	6.000000e-38
GCST004599_197	Mean platelet volume	8.000000e-177
GCST008129_77	Body mass index	3.000000e-10
GCST008167_4	Mean platelet volume	8.000000e-11
GCST010231_1	Mean platelet volume	7.000000e-20
GCST012020_192	Serum metabolite levels	2.000000e-19
GCST012021_117	Serum metabolite levels	2.000000e-19
GCST90002395_147	Mean platelet volume	2.000000e-10
GCST90020025_105	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI	2.000000e-11
GCST90020027_1683	Waist-hip index	3.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004725	metabolite measurement
EFO:0004309	platelet count
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0007788	BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

41 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, affects methylation	3
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
daidzein	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
daidzin	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
sulforaphane	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	increases expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
isobutyl alcohol	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
genistin	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
glycitein	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
glycitin	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Decitabine	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Ethanol	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Gasoline	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Oxygen	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.