CFAP44

Summary

CFAP44 (cilia and flagella associated protein 44, HGNC:25631) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3q13.2, encoding Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 44 (Q96MT7). Flagellar protein involved in sperm flagellum axoneme organization and function.

Enables peptidase activity. Involved in sperm axoneme assembly. Acts upstream of or within microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and motile cilium. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 20.

Source: NCBI Gene 55779 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure 20 (Moderate, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 229 total — 9 pathogenic, 7 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 6
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001164496

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25631
Approved symbol	CFAP44
Name	cilia and flagella associated protein 44
Location	3q13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ11142
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000206530
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	617559
Entrez	55779

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 6 nonsense_mediated_decay, 3 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000295868, ENST00000393845, ENST00000461734, ENST00000465186, ENST00000465510, ENST00000473143, ENST00000475568, ENST00000479422, ENST00000484923, ENST00000488854, ENST00000489244, ENST00000489938, ENST00000490481

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001164496 NM_001164496, NM_018338

CCDS: CCDS2972, CCDS54624

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000393845 — 35 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001912682	113286930	113291748
ENSE00003548737	113433565	113433669
ENSE00003793620	113341744	113341918
ENSE00003796467	113330168	113330668
ENSE00003797033	113344516	113344712
ENSE00003797687	113363145	113363307
ENSE00003798616	113333406	113333583
ENSE00003799968	113327616	113327819
ENSE00003801243	113420017	113420179
ENSE00003801935	113306201	113306331
ENSE00003802208	113366039	113366309
ENSE00003802209	113400545	113400644
ENSE00003802467	113396518	113396727
ENSE00003802727	113303916	113304117
ENSE00003802789	113363477	113363532
ENSE00003803501	113380899	113381060
ENSE00003803720	113305036	113305152
ENSE00003804338	113416525	113416627
ENSE00003805666	113441453	113441493
ENSE00003805792	113427187	113427339
ENSE00003806044	113373411	113373556
ENSE00003806219	113308158	113308268
ENSE00003807637	113358745	113358875
ENSE00003807905	113426124	113426277
ENSE00003807960	113326445	113326640
ENSE00003808478	113294687	113294821
ENSE00003809202	113409106	113409322
ENSE00003809589	113403852	113404016
ENSE00003809680	113395750	113395860
ENSE00003809947	113401584	113401739
ENSE00003810589	113296725	113296885
ENSE00003810745	113401240	113401287
ENSE00003811125	113399906	113400000
ENSE00003811219	113379306	113379551
ENSE00003811379	113406927	113407041

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 208 present calls, max score 96.87.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.4455 / max 43.0965, expressed in 120 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
43844	0.3590	98
43842	0.0633	23
43843	0.0231	14

Top tissues by expression

273 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	96.87	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	92.67	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	91.69	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	88.63	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	88.32	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	88.27	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	88.24	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	87.95	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	87.28	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	85.04	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	85.01	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	84.82	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	84.23	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	84.22	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	83.55	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	82.39	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	82.38	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	82.34	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	82.24	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	82.20	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	81.79	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	81.35	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	81.30	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	80.55	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	80.50	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	80.47	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	80.41	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	79.93	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	79.92	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	79.69	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.08
E-MTAB-9388	yes	6.39

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

16 targeting CFAP44, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4425	100.00	67.59	1049
HSA-MIR-450A-1-3P	100.00	69.33	1837
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-9902	99.89	69.15	2250
HSA-MIR-5010-3P	99.83	70.60	2357
HSA-MIR-4668-5P	99.79	70.58	3782
HSA-MIR-505-3P	99.19	69.71	896
HSA-MIR-599	98.32	66.99	1037
HSA-MIR-10226	98.25	66.50	811
HSA-MIR-138-1-3P	98.25	67.89	867
HSA-MIR-6771-3P	98.20	66.53	971
HSA-MIR-3920	97.75	69.02	1168
HSA-MIR-592	96.59	67.59	817

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• Results show that the rs13064411 polymorphism in the WDR52 gene was associated with a modified effect of statin therapy on serum LDL and total cholesterol levels. (PMID:25602530)
• biallelic mutations in either CFAP43 or CFAP44 can cause sperm flagellar abnormalities and impair sperm motility. (PMID:28552195)
• Study demonstrated that biallelic mutations in CFAP44 and CFAP43 cause multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). These results provide researchers with a new insight to understand the genetic etiology of MMAF and to identify new loci for genetic counselling of MMAF. (PMID:29277146)
• demonstrate that CFAP43 and CFAP44 have a similar structure with a unique axonemal localization and are necessary to produce functional flagella in species ranging from Trypanosoma to human (PMID:29449551)
• important cause of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagellum in the Chinese population (PMID:30904354)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Cfap44	ENSMUSG00000071550
rattus_norvegicus	Cfap44	ENSRNOG00000028077
drosophila_melanogaster	CG34124	FBGN0083960

Paralogs (9): EML1 (ENSG00000066629), EML2 (ENSG00000125746), EML4 (ENSG00000143924), EML3 (ENSG00000149499), CFAP251 (ENSG00000158023), WDR90 (ENSG00000161996), EML5 (ENSG00000165521), CFAP52 (ENSG00000166596), EML6 (ENSG00000214595)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 44 — Q96MT7 (reviewed: Q96MT7)

Alternative names: WD repeat-containing protein 52

All UniProt accessions (8): Q96MT7, A0A1D5RMR1, C9K0A4, F8WEX0, H0Y883, H0Y896, H7C512, H7C591

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Flagellar protein involved in sperm flagellum axoneme organization and function.

Subcellular location. Cell projection. Cilium. Flagellum. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Flagellum axoneme.

Tissue specificity. Testis-specific.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 20 (SPGF20) [MIM:617593] An infertility disorder caused by spermatogenesis defects and characterized by abnormally shaped spermatozoa in the semen of affected individuals. SPGF20 patients have spermatozoa with absent, short, coiled, bent, and/or irregular-caliber flagella, which impair sperm motility. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the CFAP44 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q96MT7-2	2	yes
Q96MT7-1	1

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001157968, NP_060808 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001680	WD40_rpt	Repeat
IPR015943	WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR019775	WD40_repeat_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036322	WD40_repeat_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR055439	Beta-prop_EML_1st	Domain

Pfam: PF00400, PF23409

UniProt features (30 total): repeat 9, compositionally biased region 7, region of interest 5, sequence variant 4, splice variant 2, chain 1, coiled-coil region 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8J07	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.1

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q96MT7-F1	74.87	0.27

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 1083

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 122 (showing top): GSE45365_HEALTHY_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_CD8_TCELL_IFNAR_KO_UP, MODULE_511, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_NUCLEUS_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CILIUM_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CILIUM_MOVEMENT, GOBP_CILIUM_OR_FLAGELLUM_DEPENDENT_CELL_MOTILITY, GOBP_ORGANELLE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, GOBP_MICROTUBULE_BUNDLE_FORMATION, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, GOBP_MOTILE_CILIUM_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_AXONEME_ASSEMBLY, GOCC_CYTOPLASMIC_REGION

GO Biological Process (7): microtubule cytoskeleton organization (GO:0000226), cell morphogenesis (GO:0000902), nucleus organization (GO:0006997), sperm axoneme assembly (GO:0007288), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), flagellated sperm motility (GO:0030317), cilium organization (GO:0044782)

GO Molecular Function (2): peptidase activity (GO:0008233), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): motile cilium (GO:0031514), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cilium (GO:0005929), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
organelle organization	2
developmental process involved in reproduction	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
cytoskeleton organization	1
microtubule-based process	1
anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
axoneme assembly	1
sperm flagellum assembly	1
male gamete generation	1
cilium-dependent cell motility	1
cilium movement involved in cell motility	1
sperm motility	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization	1
hydrolase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
binding	1
cilium	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1772 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CFAP44	QRICH2	Q9H0J4	795
CFAP44	CFAP69	A5D8W1	786
CFAP44	DNAH1	Q9P2D7	777
CFAP44	TTC29	Q8NA56	661
CFAP44	CFAP70	Q5T0N1	652
CFAP44	TTC21A	Q8NDW8	649
CFAP44	FSIP2	Q5CZC0	641
CFAP44	ARMC2	Q8NEN0	633
CFAP44	AKAP4	Q5JQC9	611
CFAP44	CFAP43	Q8NDM7	608
CFAP44	CFAP58	Q5T655	594
CFAP44	SPEF2	Q9C093	588
CFAP44	DNAH17	Q9UFH2	582
CFAP44	CFAP91	Q7Z4T9	581
CFAP44	CCDC39	Q9UFE4	568

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GADD45G	CFAP44	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CFAP44	GADD45G	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (18): CFAP44 (Affinity Capture-MS), CFAP44 (Affinity Capture-MS), CFAP44 (Affinity Capture-MS), CFAP44 (Affinity Capture-MS), CFAP44 (Two-hybrid), CFAP44 (Proximity Label-MS), CFAP44 (Proximity Label-MS), CFAP44 (Affinity Capture-MS), CFAP44 (Affinity Capture-MS), CFAP44 (Proximity Label-MS), CFAP44 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), CFAP44 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), CFAP44 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), CFAP44 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), FAM98A (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AC93, B2RY71, E7F6H7, E9PYY5, E9Q5M6, O14576, O43815, O55106, O88485, O88487, P27766, P36872, P70483, Q0III3, Q13409, Q13610, Q16959, Q16960, Q29RQ3, Q2HJ56, Q32KS2, Q32LP9, Q4QR00, Q4V8G4, Q5DQR4, Q5NVM2, Q5SQE2, Q5VTH9, Q5XIL8, Q5ZLK1, Q62871, Q63100, Q66HC9, Q6GPB9, Q8BPM2, Q8C0M8, Q8C0P5, Q8IVH8, Q8IWG1, Q92828

Diamond homologs: E9Q5M6, Q96MT7

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

229 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	9
Likely pathogenic	7
Uncertain significance	113
Likely benign	43
Benign	19

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (16)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1013486	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.1170+1G>A	Pathogenic
2055515	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.535C>T (p.Arg179Ter)	Pathogenic
2058075	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.259C>T (p.Gln87Ter)	Pathogenic
430938	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.2005_2006del (p.Met669fs)	Pathogenic
523150	NC_000003.12:g.113358867_113358876del	Pathogenic
523151	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.1769T>A (p.Leu590Gln)	Pathogenic
523152	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.1387G>T (p.Glu463Ter)	Pathogenic
523153	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.3175C>T (p.Arg1059Ter)	Pathogenic
523154	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.2818dup (p.Glu940fs)	Pathogenic
1339091	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.670C>T (p.Arg224Ter)	Likely pathogenic
2632408	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.2616del (p.Leu873fs)	Likely pathogenic
3065141	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.1303G>T (p.Gly435Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3352580	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.5540_5541dup (p.Glu1848fs)	Likely pathogenic
3893052	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.408-2A>T	Likely pathogenic
3893053	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.5078-2A>G	Likely pathogenic
4845865	NM_001164496.2(CFAP44):c.2813_2816del (p.Met938fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

3068 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:113363303:CGATA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363306:TA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363308:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363471:CCATA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113363472:CATA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113363473:ATAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113363474:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113363475:ACCTG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113363476:CCTGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113363528:CCAAA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363529:CAAA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363529:CAAAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363531:AA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363533:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113363535:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113373409:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
3:113373410:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
3:113396516:ACC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
3:113396517:CCC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
3:113399900:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113399901:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113399903:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
3:113399936:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
3:113399996:AGAGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113399997:GAGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113399998:AGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113399999:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113400000:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113400001:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:113400001:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

12367 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:113401736:A:G	W392R	0.999
3:113401736:A:T	W392R	0.999
3:113403980:A:G	W348R	0.999
3:113403980:A:T	W348R	0.999
3:113341765:C:G	R1139P	0.998
3:113304017:A:G	L1659P	0.997
3:113304029:C:G	R1655P	0.997
3:113305130:A:G	L1594P	0.997
3:113327692:A:G	L1415P	0.997
3:113403978:C:A	W348C	0.997
3:113403978:C:G	W348C	0.997
3:113409221:A:G	W259R	0.997
3:113409221:A:T	W259R	0.997
3:113303954:A:G	L1680P	0.996
3:113303963:C:G	R1677P	0.996
3:113304038:A:G	L1652P	0.996
3:113327785:A:G	L1384P	0.996
3:113333490:C:A	K1177N	0.996
3:113333490:C:G	K1177N	0.996
3:113333522:C:G	A1167P	0.996
3:113396675:C:G	R541P	0.996
3:113403985:A:G	L346P	0.996
3:113407037:A:G	W299R	0.996
3:113407037:A:T	W299R	0.996
3:113409227:A:G	W257R	0.996
3:113409227:A:T	W257R	0.996
3:113305094:C:G	R1606P	0.995
3:113306292:C:G	R1556P	0.995
3:113366262:C:G	R831P	0.995
3:113401262:A:G	L451P	0.995

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000057792 (3:113313708 A>C,T), RS1000108264 (3:113368406 A>G), RS1000124400 (3:113441864 C>T), RS1000128218 (3:113398899 G>C), RS1000149208 (3:113386556 G>A,T), RS1000161099 (3:113346207 C>T), RS1000161855 (3:113423843 G>A), RS1000173270 (3:113300567 G>T), RS1000179539 (3:113369994 T>C), RS1000184101 (3:113312763 G>A,C), RS1000191490 (3:113299854 C>T), RS1000271492 (3:113325428 A>C), RS1000276247 (3:113374661 G>A,T), RS1000278358 (3:113405726 C>T), RS1000299523 (3:113306231 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617559 | disease phenotypes: MIM:617593

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure 20	Moderate	Autosomal recessive
non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder	Supportive	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (2): spermatogenic failure 20 (MONDO:0054724), (MONDO:0017173)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

6 total (6 of 6 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0032558	Absent sperm flagella
HP:0032559	Short sperm flagella
HP:0032560	Coiled sperm flagella

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001942_7	Prostate cancer	4.000000e-13
GCST002642_1	Response to simvastatin treatment (PCSK9 protein level change)	8.000000e-08
GCST005149_18	Colorectal cancer	6.000000e-07
GCST012034_4	Sleep (1/2-day periodicity)	4.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0006899	PCSK9 protein measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs13064411	Efficacy	3	HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs13064411	CFAP44	3	2.50	1	HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, increases methylation	5
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	2
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression, increases expression	2
3-((6-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methane sulfonamide	increases expression	1
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
ferrous chloride	decreases expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
hydroquinone	decreases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Methotrexate	increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Thimerosal	increases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Triclosan	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.