CFAP52

Summary

CFAP52 (cilia and flagella associated protein 52, HGNC:16053) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17p13.1, encoding Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 52 (Q8N1V2). Microtubule inner protein (MIP) part of the dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) in cilia axoneme.

WD repeat-containing proteins, such as WDR16, play crucial roles in a wide range of physiologic functions, including signal transduction, RNA processing, remodeling the cytoskeleton, regulation of vesicular traffic, and cell division (Silva et al., 2005 [PubMed 15967112]).

Source: NCBI Gene 146845 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): situs inversus (Supportive, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 178 total — 1 pathogenic, 5 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 9
• MANE Select transcript: NM_145054

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:16053
Approved symbol	CFAP52
Name	cilia and flagella associated protein 52
Location	17p13.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	WDRPUH, FLJ37528
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000166596
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609804
Entrez	146845

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 4 protein_coding, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000352665, ENST00000396219, ENST00000572333, ENST00000574097, ENST00000574937, ENST00000575247, ENST00000576320, ENST00000576499, ENST00000576630, ENST00000576714

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_145054 NM_001080556, NM_145054

CCDS: CCDS11149, CCDS42262

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000352665 — 14 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001860783	9643023	9643447
ENSE00002673831	9576642	9576765
ENSE00003465907	9635405	9635556
ENSE00003487230	9638609	9638711
ENSE00003512498	9628672	9628820
ENSE00003541818	9594193	9594321
ENSE00003564959	9586698	9586834
ENSE00003586515	9632888	9633033
ENSE00003613159	9600067	9600183
ENSE00003623403	9608119	9608219
ENSE00003663167	9598234	9598333
ENSE00003673535	9641724	9641835
ENSE00003690418	9612309	9612479
ENSE00003708106	9585773	9585972

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 170 present calls, max score 99.36.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.5138 / max 61.0039, expressed in 120 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
159544	0.3061	84
159545	0.2077	72

Top tissues by expression

253 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	99.36	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	98.67	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	98.57	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	93.74	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	92.93	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	88.30	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	87.24	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	85.35	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	85.24	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	84.71	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	83.51	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	82.15	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	81.01	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	80.94	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	80.77	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	80.52	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	79.39	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	78.78	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	77.55	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	75.74	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	75.74	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	74.12	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	71.40	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	71.20	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	71.11	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	70.86	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	70.54	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	70.29	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	70.05	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	69.99	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-114	yes	60.78
E-MTAB-9388	yes	6.76
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

16 targeting CFAP52, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-4698	99.84	71.41	4303
HSA-MIR-586	99.65	70.40	2051
HSA-MIR-24-3P	99.59	69.97	1934
HSA-MIR-12123	99.52	71.79	2990
HSA-MIR-4677-3P	99.49	67.91	1246
HSA-MIR-6507-5P	99.36	70.46	2524
HSA-MIR-4311	99.31	70.47	3041
HSA-MIR-148A-5P	99.30	68.27	1141
HSA-MIR-3168	99.08	67.75	1384
HSA-MIR-4272	98.76	68.74	1810
HSA-MIR-5007-5P	97.95	64.71	614
HSA-MIR-4264	96.35	64.76	1480
HSA-MIR-4653-3P	96.26	67.03	725

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• WDRPUH is a novel WD-repeat-containing protein highly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma and involved in cell proliferation (PMID:15967112)
• The cilia and flagella associated protein CFAP52 orchestrated with CFAP45 is required for sperm motility in mice. (PMID:37236356)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cfap52	ENSDARG00000101679
mus_musculus	Cfap52	ENSMUSG00000020904
rattus_norvegicus	Cfap52	ENSRNOG00000037718
drosophila_melanogaster	CG10064	FBGN0035724

Paralogs (9): EML1 (ENSG00000066629), EML2 (ENSG00000125746), EML4 (ENSG00000143924), EML3 (ENSG00000149499), CFAP251 (ENSG00000158023), WDR90 (ENSG00000161996), EML5 (ENSG00000165521), CFAP44 (ENSG00000206530), EML6 (ENSG00000214595)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 52 — Q8N1V2 (reviewed: Q8N1V2)

Alternative names: WD repeat-containing protein 16, WD40-repeat protein up-regulated in HCC

All UniProt accessions (6): A0A096LNH3, Q8N1V2, I3L237, I3L2G9, K7ERC0, V9GY13

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Microtubule inner protein (MIP) part of the dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) in cilia axoneme. Important for proper ciliary and flagellar beating. May act in cooperation with CFAP45 and axonemal dynein subunit DNAH11. May play a role in cell growth and/or survival.

Subunit / interactions. Microtubule inner protein component of sperm flagellar doublet microtubules. Interacts with BRCA2. Interacts with the CCT chaperonin complex. Interacts with HSP70. Interacts with AK8. Interacts with CFAP45. Interacts with DNAI1. Interacts with IQDC.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Cilium axoneme. Flagellum axoneme.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in respiratory cells and sperm (at protein level). Highly expressed in testis. Up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Disease relevance. Heterotaxy, visceral, 10, autosomal, with male infertility (HTX10) [MIM:619607] A form of visceral heterotaxy, a complex disorder due to disruption of the normal left-right asymmetry of the thoracoabdominal organs. Visceral heterotaxy or situs ambiguus results in randomization of the placement of visceral organs, including the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and stomach. The organs are oriented randomly with respect to the left-right axis and with respect to one another. It can be associated with a variety of congenital defects including cardiac malformations. HTX10 is an autosomal recessive form associated with male infertility. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous. May be a good candidate as a diagnostic marker for HCC as well as a potential molecular target for development of novel therapeutic drugs.

Similarity. Belongs to the CFAP52 family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8N1V2-1	1	yes
Q8N1V2-2	2
Q8N1V2-3	3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001074025, NP_659491* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001680	WD40_rpt	Repeat
IPR015943	WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR019775	WD40_repeat_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036322	WD40_repeat_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050630	WD_repeat_EMAP	Family

Pfam: PF00400

UniProt features (19 total): repeat 11, sequence conflict 3, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7UNG	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.6
8J07	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.1

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8N1V2-F1	93.59	0.90

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 115 (showing top): GOBP_SINGLE_FERTILIZATION, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_SPECIFICATION_OF_SYMMETRY, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOBP_CILIUM_MOVEMENT, GOBP_CILIUM_OR_FLAGELLUM_DEPENDENT_CELL_MOTILITY, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, RFX1_02, GOBP_FERTILIZATION, GOCC_CYTOPLASMIC_REGION, GOCC_MOTILE_CILIUM, GOCC_SPERM_MIDPIECE, GOCC_CYTOPLASMIC_MICROTUBULE, GOCC_CILIUM

GO Biological Process (7): spermatid development (GO:0007286), single fertilization (GO:0007338), gene expression (GO:0010467), flagellated sperm motility (GO:0030317), microtubule sliding (GO:0051012), establishment of left/right asymmetry (GO:0061966), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (11): axonemal microtubule (GO:0005879), axoneme (GO:0005930), sperm flagellum (GO:0036126), sperm midpiece (GO:0097225), 9+2 motile cilium (GO:0097729), axonemal B tubule inner sheath (GO:0160112), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cilium (GO:0005929), motile cilium (GO:0031514), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	5
germ cell development	1
spermatid differentiation	1
fertilization	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
cilium-dependent cell motility	1
cilium movement involved in cell motility	1
sperm motility	1
microtubule-based movement	1
determination of left/right symmetry	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
male gamete generation	1
binding	1
cytoplasmic microtubule	1
axoneme	1
cytoskeleton	1
microtubule	1
ciliary plasm	1
9+2 motile cilium	1
sperm flagellum	1
radial spoke	1
motile cilium	1
inner dynein arm	1
outer dynein arm	1
axonemal central pair	1
axonemal doublet microtubule	1
A axonemal microtubule	1
axonemal microtubule doublet inner sheath	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
cilium	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1329 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CFAP52	CCT4	P50991	830
CFAP52	TCP1	P17987	692
CFAP52	BRCA2	P51587	669
CFAP52	HSPA4	P34932	662
CFAP52	CFAP53	Q96M91	635
CFAP52	CFAP45	Q9UL16	597
CFAP52	LRRC23	Q53EV4	582
CFAP52	CFAP251	Q8TBY9	539
CFAP52	RSPH14	Q9UHP6	530
CFAP52	MMP21	Q8N119	529
CFAP52	CCDC146	Q8IYE0	505
CFAP52	CFAP161	Q6P656	498
CFAP52	CFAP70	Q5T0N1	484
CFAP52	CFAP300	Q9BRQ4	468
CFAP52	ZSWIM2	Q8NEG5	466
CFAP52	TSNAXIP1	Q2TAA8	466

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CFAP52	ASMTL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CFTR	CNOT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.480
NUDCD3	CFAP52	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
CFAP52	NUDCD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
CFAP52	NUDC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (14): CRYZL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ASMTL (Affinity Capture-MS), HSPA8 (Affinity Capture-MS), STIP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT6A (Affinity Capture-MS), CLTCL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CFAP52 (Synthetic Lethality), ASMTL (Affinity Capture-MS), CRYZL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), STIP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), HSPA4 (Affinity Capture-Western), CCT4 (Affinity Capture-Western), TCP1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BRCA2 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3LX18, A5DGL8, A5DVY3, A8ILK1, E1BKF9, E3LB80, F1SS88, O00423, O14301, O75083, O88342, O93277, P0CS32, P0CS33, P23232, Q05BC3, Q05BV3, Q15269, Q26613, Q29HG9, Q2KJH4, Q4P6E2, Q54MT0, Q5AI86, Q5F201, Q5RFQ3, Q5RHH4, Q5RKI0, Q5SQM0, Q6BSL7, Q6CI08, Q6DIF4, Q6ED65, Q6FL15, Q6PAX7, Q6ZMW3, Q759L2, Q8BHB4, Q8BQM8, Q8BU03

Diamond homologs: A1L271, A8ILK1, E1BKF9, F1SS88, O14775, O93277, P62881, P62882, Q54PE0, Q5F201, Q5RDY7, Q5UNZ2, Q6PNB6, Q80ZD0, Q8N1V2, Q95JL5, Q6VNB8, Q8IZQ1, Q9C270, A7TH19, Q08274, Q09019, Q54ZP5, Q6ZNJ1, Q759L2, A1CGS0, A1CUD6, A2QHM1, A3LNW3, A4REK3, A5DHD9, A5DXE2, A8WVD2, A8XJ40, B3RNR8, B5DG67, F4IIK6, G0SA60, O45933, O54929

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

178 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	5
Uncertain significance	108
Likely benign	24
Benign	15

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (6)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1319991	NC_000017.10:g.9481617_9489649del	Pathogenic
1443577	NM_145054.5(CFAP52):c.536+1G>T	Likely pathogenic
2503114	NM_145054.5(CFAP52):c.705del (p.Thr236fs)	Likely pathogenic
3065385	NM_145054.5(CFAP52):c.547C>T (p.Arg183Ter)	Likely pathogenic
4540415	NM_145054.5(CFAP52):c.1219C>T (p.Arg407Ter)	Likely pathogenic
625821	GRCh37/hg19 17p13.1(chr17:9489128-9489263)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

2415 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:9594191:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9594192:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9594192:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9594318:GAAA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9594319:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9594322:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9598230:ATAGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598231:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598232:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598232:AGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598232:AGTG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598233:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598233:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598233:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598233:GTGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9598331:GGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9598332:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9598334:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9600179:GTTTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9612305:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9612306:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9612307:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9612308:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:9612476:CATT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9612476:CATTG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:9612477:ATT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9612478:TT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
17:9612478:TTGTG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:9612479:TG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:9612480:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4099 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:9633013:A:C	S434R	1.000
17:9633015:T:A	S434R	1.000
17:9633015:T:G	S434R	1.000
17:9643145:A:C	S604R	1.000
17:9643147:T:A	S604R	1.000
17:9643147:T:G	S604R	1.000
17:9641830:T:A	V561D	0.999
17:9643049:T:A	W572R	0.999
17:9643049:T:C	W572R	0.999
17:9643175:T:A	W614R	0.999
17:9643175:T:C	W614R	0.999
17:9586713:T:A	W96R	0.998
17:9586713:T:C	W96R	0.998
17:9594203:T:A	W140R	0.998
17:9594203:T:C	W140R	0.998
17:9598250:T:A	W185R	0.998
17:9598250:T:C	W185R	0.998
17:9628721:T:A	W359R	0.998
17:9628721:T:C	W359R	0.998
17:9632890:T:A	W393R	0.998
17:9632890:T:C	W393R	0.998
17:9635514:T:A	V477D	0.998
17:9635522:A:C	S480R	0.998
17:9635524:C:A	S480R	0.998
17:9635524:C:G	S480R	0.998
17:9635546:T:A	W488R	0.998
17:9635546:T:C	W488R	0.998
17:9643041:T:A	V569D	0.998
17:9643176:G:C	W614S	0.998
17:9643177:G:C	W614C	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000013951 (17:9636182 A>C,G), RS1000186986 (17:9622057 T>C), RS1000195474 (17:9577001 G>A), RS1000222139 (17:9598923 C>A,T), RS1000244715 (17:9629066 T>C), RS1000300453 (17:9607292 G>A), RS1000413311 (17:9588243 C>G,T), RS1000423074 (17:9601852 G>A), RS1000452134 (17:9601513 G>A), RS1000500864 (17:9600424 G>A,T), RS1000522742 (17:9623349 T>C), RS1000631042 (17:9607679 A>G), RS1000696330 (17:9636607 C>G,T), RS1000772403 (17:9636218 A>G), RS1000828478 (17:9606417 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609804 | disease phenotypes: MIM:619607

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
situs inversus	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
visceral heterotaxy	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (4): situs inversus (MONDO:0010029), heterotaxy, visceral, 10, autosomal, with male infertility (MONDO:0030474), male infertility (MONDO:0005372), visceral heterotaxy (MONDO:0018677)

Orphanet (1): Situs inversus totalis (Orphanet:101063)

HPO phenotypes

9 total (9 of 9 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000403	Recurrent otitis media
HP:0001651	Dextrocardia
HP:0001696	Situs inversus totalis
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0003363	Abdominal situs inversus
HP:0011109	Chronic sinusitis
HP:0012735	Cough
HP:0033036	Decreased nasal nitric oxide

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430
D012857	Situs Inversus	C16.131.810

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Methapyrilene	increases methylation	1
Rotenone	decreases expression	1
Smoke	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

129 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
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