CHD3

gene
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Also known as Mi-2aZFHMi2-ALPHA

Summary

CHD3 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3, HGNC:1918) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17p13.1, encoding ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler CHD3 (Q12873). ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor that binds and distorts nucleosomal DNA.

This gene encodes a member of the CHD family of proteins which are characterized by the presence of chromo (chromatin organization modifier) domains and SNF2-related helicase/ATPase domains. This protein is one of the components of a histone deacetylase complex referred to as the Mi-2/NuRD complex which participates in the remodeling of chromatin by deacetylating histones. Chromatin remodeling is essential for many processes including transcription. Autoantibodies against this protein are found in a subset of patients with dermatomyositis. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described.

Source: NCBI Gene 1107 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome (Definitive, ClinGen)
  • GWAS associations: 5
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 832 total — 38 pathogenic, 73 likely-pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 46
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001005273

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:1918
Approved symbolCHD3
Namechromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3
Location17p13.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMi-2a, ZFH, Mi2-ALPHA
Ensembl geneENSG00000170004
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM602120
Entrez1107

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 23 — 11 protein_coding, 8 retained_intron, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000330494, ENST00000358181, ENST00000380358, ENST00000439235, ENST00000449744, ENST00000452447, ENST00000466233, ENST00000470531, ENST00000473376, ENST00000479080, ENST00000481999, ENST00000570758, ENST00000571249, ENST00000572579, ENST00000572750, ENST00000573936, ENST00000574022, ENST00000671866, ENST00000672274, ENST00000672838, ENST00000682063, ENST00000682344, ENST00000700753

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001005273 NM_001005271, NM_001005273, NM_005852

CCDS: CCDS32553, CCDS32554, CCDS32555

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000330494 — 40 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000114391379038257903991
ENSE0000114398879044427904619
ENSE0000114505079078947908019
ENSE0000164688878979717898102
ENSE0000169176678970837897294
ENSE0000169568379029377903061
ENSE0000170203179026107902727
ENSE0000170539478990117899202
ENSE0000171057678993437899543
ENSE0000171086079008527900993
ENSE0000171225679032727903503
ENSE0000171265278953397895542
ENSE0000172731278984967898595
ENSE0000173771678998967900033
ENSE0000178058079005587900731
ENSE0000178583279002907900411
ENSE0000227819178887897889100
ENSE0000240594879012447901375
ENSE0000346426479051007905165
ENSE0000346856979084027908510
ENSE0000348356879065537906697
ENSE0000349826679071267907247
ENSE0000352063279073537907488
ENSE0000353570879056217905706
ENSE0000353935578949177895150
ENSE0000361867879076017907702
ENSE0000362372779068697907031
ENSE0000363845979058567905989
ENSE0000366024479086977908829
ENSE0000398073978941157894265
ENSE0000398074079108477910973
ENSE0000398074178944157894608
ENSE0000398074278905717890741
ENSE0000398074378938057893935
ENSE0000398074479114647912755
ENSE0000398074579104287910591
ENSE0000398074678896647889776
ENSE0000398074779091437909338
ENSE0000398074878932867893569
ENSE0000398074978909407891064

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 263 present calls, max score 99.46.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 26.0772 / max 722.2207, expressed in 1793 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (12 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
15942917.94541750
1594332.8553804
1594322.1727833
1594380.9711484
1594300.9191496
1594410.4258210
1594340.2719148
1594350.205464
2080510.168375
1594370.071029

Top tissues by expression

290 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
cortical plateUBERON:000534399.46gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402399.05gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130298.69gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009498.25gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045898.20gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985398.08gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548897.95gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119997.67gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130397.61gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219697.58gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211897.54gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211997.47gold quality
ectocervixUBERON:001224997.47gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111997.35gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580597.19gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112097.15gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225596.98gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053396.86gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281096.74gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583496.55gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305396.48gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000796.20gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132396.20gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183096.13gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204696.09gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347396.03gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583396.03gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116195.94gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584195.83gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123395.80gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes10.20
E-GEOD-150728no993.39
E-MTAB-7381no465.66
E-CURD-114no124.24

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

106 targeting CHD3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-LET-7A-3P100.0074.033932
HSA-LET-7B-3P100.0074.083913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P100.0074.023928
HSA-MIR-98-3P100.0074.083907
HSA-MIR-4455100.0065.481587
HSA-MIR-5196-5P100.0067.982761
HSA-MIR-4510100.0066.602050
HSA-MIR-6127100.0066.762188
HSA-MIR-6129100.0066.462080
HSA-MIR-6130100.0066.692012
HSA-MIR-6133100.0066.482064
HSA-MIR-4747-5P100.0067.902681
HSA-MIR-4481100.0066.421669
HSA-MIR-5193100.0067.261744
HSA-MIR-10401-5P99.9965.79948
HSA-MIR-150-5P99.9966.691976
HSA-MIR-453199.9969.703181
HSA-MIR-4745-5P99.9865.951028
HSA-MIR-7152-3P99.9767.47849
HSA-MIR-4725-3P99.9669.532520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P99.9669.602562
HSA-MIR-6825-5P99.9669.813431
HSA-LET-7C-3P99.9573.422862
HSA-MIR-651-3P99.9473.485177
HSA-MIR-427199.8868.322244
HSA-MIR-4728-5P99.8569.394718
HSA-MIR-444799.8567.812900
HSA-MIR-132199.8465.301811
HSA-MIR-473999.8465.251832
HSA-MIR-4756-5P99.8464.981809

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 16)

  • effect of progressive C-terminal deletions of CHD3, which indicated that sequences required for repression of PS1 lie between amino acids 1955 and 1877 (PMID:17489097)
  • Pericentrin forms complexes with CHD3 and CHD4, but a distinct CHD3-pericentrin complex is required for centrosomal anchoring of pericentrin/gamma-tubulin and for centrosome integrity. (PMID:17626165)
  • UV radiation regulates Mi-2 through protein translation and stability (PMID:18922793)
  • In this study, the chromatin remodeler chromodomain helicase DNA binding (CHD3) protein is identified as an important component of the initial repression of the herpesvirus genome. (PMID:24425734)
  • CHD3 was confirmed to interact with NES1 in NS2, and a disruption to this interaction by mutation in NES1 significantly delayed viral vRNPs export and viral propagation. (PMID:25213355)
  • CHD3.1 and ACF1-SNF2H display counteractive activities but similar histone affinities. (PMID:25533843)
  • Mutations in CHD3 gene is associated with cutaneous T cell lymphoma and Sezary syndrome. (PMID:26551667)
  • CHD3 and CHD4 exhibit distinct nuclear localization patterns in unperturbed cells, revealing a subset of specific target genes. (PMID:28977666)
  • The tandem PHD fingers of CHD3 bind histone H3 tails. (PMID:29020631)
  • It has been proposed that the functional link between chromatin remodeling by CHD3 and deSUMOylation by SENP1 provides another level of control of gene expression. (PMID:30082317)
  • A Multi-Trait Approach Identified Genetic Variants Including a Rare Mutation in RGS3 with Impact on Abnormalities of Cardiac Structure/Function. (PMID:30971721)
  • A second cohort of CHD3 patients expands the molecular mechanisms known to cause Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome. (PMID:32483341)
  • Sequence and functional differences in the ATPase domains of CHD3 and SNF2H promise potential for selective regulability and drugability. (PMID:33403747)
  • Inherited variants in CHD3 show variable expressivity in Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome. (PMID:35346573)
  • Snijders Blok-Campeau Syndrome: Description of 20 Additional Individuals with Variants in CHD3 and Literature Review. (PMID:37761804)
  • A severe neurocognitive phenotype caused by biallelic CHD3 variants in two siblings. (PMID:38116750)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriochd3ENSDARG00000021405
mus_musculusChd3ENSMUSG00000018474
rattus_norvegicusChd3ENSRNOG00000009722

Paralogs (30): HLTF (ENSG00000071794), SMARCA2 (ENSG00000080503), SRCAP (ENSG00000080603), ATRX (ENSG00000085224), RAD54L (ENSG00000085999), BTAF1 (ENSG00000095564), CHD8 (ENSG00000100888), SMARCA1 (ENSG00000102038), CHD4 (ENSG00000111642), CHD5 (ENSG00000116254), TTF2 (ENSG00000116830), HELLS (ENSG00000119969), ZRANB3 (ENSG00000121988), CHD6 (ENSG00000124177), SMARCA4 (ENSG00000127616), INO80 (ENSG00000128908), CHD1L (ENSG00000131778), SMARCAL1 (ENSG00000138375), SHPRH (ENSG00000146414), SMARCA5 (ENSG00000153147), CHD1 (ENSG00000153922), SMARCAD1 (ENSG00000163104), RAD54L2 (ENSG00000164080), CHD7 (ENSG00000171316), CHD2 (ENSG00000173575), CHD9 (ENSG00000177200), EP400 (ENSG00000183495), ERCC6L (ENSG00000186871), RAD54B (ENSG00000197275), ERCC6 (ENSG00000225830)

Protein

Protein identifiers

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler CHD3Q12873 (reviewed: Q12873)

Alternative names: Chromo domain-containing protein 3, Mi-2 autoantigen 240 kDa protein, Mi2-alpha, Zinc finger helicase-like

All UniProt accessions (10): Q12873, A0A5F9ZHM2, A0A5F9ZHX5, A0A8V8TR54, H7C0J3, H7C2H0, H7C3H7, I3L1I4, I3L229, K7EPV1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor that binds and distorts nucleosomal DNA. Acts as a component of the histone deacetylase NuRD complex which participates in the remodeling of chromatin. Involved in transcriptional repression as part of the NuRD complex. Required for anchoring centrosomal pericentrin in both interphase and mitosis, for spindle organization and centrosome integrity.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) repressor complex, composed of core proteins MTA1, MTA2, MTA3, RBBP4, RBBP7, HDAC1, HDAC2, MBD2, MBD3, and peripherally associated proteins CDK2AP1, CDK2AP2, GATAD2A, GATAD2B, CHD3, CHD4 and CHD5. The exact stoichiometry of the NuRD complex is unknown, and some subunits such as MBD2 and MBD3, GATAD2A and GATAD2B, and CHD3, CHD4 and CHD5 define mutually exclusive NuRD complexes. Interacts with CBX1. Interacts with CBX3. Interacts with CBX5. Interacts (via its C-terminal) with HABP4. Interacts with HDAC1. Interacts with MTA1. Interacts with PCNT; the interaction regulates centrosome integrity. Interacts with RBBP7. Interacts with SERBP1. Interacts with TRIM28. Interacts with ZBED1/hDREF. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Hantaan hantavirus nucleoprotein. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Seoul hantavirus nucleoprotein.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. PML body. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Microtubule organizing center. Centrosome.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed.

Post-translational modifications. Sumoylation at Lys-1971 results in dissociation from chromatin and suppression of transcriptional repression.

Disease relevance. Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome (SNIBCPS) [MIM:618205] An autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability with a wide range of severity, developmental delay, and impaired speech and language skills. Speech-related problems include dysarthria, speech apraxia, oromotor problems, and stuttering. Additional clinical features are macrocephaly, characteristic facial features such as prominent forehead and hypertelorism, hypotonia, and joint laxity. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous. One of the main antigens reacting with anti-MI-2 positive sera of dermatomyositis.

Similarity. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q12873-11yes
Q12873-22
Q12873-33

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001005271, NP_001005273, NP_005843 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000330SNF2_NDomain
IPR000953Chromo/chromo_shadow_domDomain
IPR001650Helicase_C-likeDomain
IPR001965Znf_PHDDomain
IPR002464DNA/RNA_helicase_DEAH_CSConserved_site
IPR009462CHD_II_SANT-likeDomain
IPR009463DUF1087Domain
IPR011011Znf_FYVE_PHDHomologous_superfamily
IPR012957CHD_C2Domain
IPR012958CHD_NDomain
IPR013083Znf_RING/FYVE/PHDHomologous_superfamily
IPR014001Helicase_ATP-bdDomain
IPR016197Chromo-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR019786Zinc_finger_PHD-type_CSConserved_site
IPR019787Znf_PHD-fingerDomain
IPR023779Chromodomain_CSConserved_site
IPR023780Chromo_domainDomain
IPR027417P-loop_NTPaseHomologous_superfamily
IPR036910HMG_box_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR038718SNF2-like_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR049730SNF2/RAD54-like_CDomain

Pfam: PF00176, PF00271, PF00385, PF00628, PF06461, PF06465, PF08073, PF08074

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

  • ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:13065)

UniProt features (90 total): sequence variant 22, cross-link 16, compositionally biased region 14, modified residue 13, region of interest 9, domain 4, sequence conflict 4, zinc finger region 2, splice variant 2, chain 1, short sequence motif 1, binding site 1, mutagenesis site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q12873-F163.210.15

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 761–768

Post-translational modifications (29): 79, 308, 324, 376, 597, 713, 1219, 1367, 1532, 1538, 1601, 1605, 1646, 120, 163, 295, 302, 627, 721, 721 …

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

PositionPhenotype
1971abolishes sumoylation by zbed1/hdref and increases binding to chromatin.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

13 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-3214815HDACs deacetylate histones
R-HSA-427389ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression
R-HSA-4551638SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins
R-HSA-6804758Regulation of TP53 Activity through Acetylation
R-HSA-73762RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
R-HSA-8943724Regulation of PTEN gene transcription
R-HSA-9679191Potential therapeutics for SARS
R-HSA-9843940Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins
R-HSA-9844594Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation by EBF2
R-HSA-9845323Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)
R-HSA-9937850NuRD complex assembly
R-HSA-9940951Interaction of NuRD complexes with transcription factors
R-HSA-9976102Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells)

MSigDB gene sets: 389 (showing top): PID_HDAC_CLASSI_PATHWAY, REACTOME_RNA_POLYMERASE_I_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, MORF_ATRX, MODULE_493, GOCC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZING_CENTER, OSWALD_HEMATOPOIETIC_STEM_CELL_IN_COLLAGEN_GEL_UP, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, MORF_PPP5C, MORF_FANCG, GOCC_CENTROSOME, TCCCCAC_MIR491, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_12HR_DN, MORF_RAP1A, HOEBEKE_LYMPHOID_STEM_CELL_UP, DOUGLAS_BMI1_TARGETS_UP

GO Biological Process (10): negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122), chromatin remodeling (GO:0006338), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), spindle organization (GO:0007051), centrosome cycle (GO:0007098), regulation of cell fate specification (GO:0042659), negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892), positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893), regulation of stem cell differentiation (GO:2000736), chromatin organization (GO:0006325)

GO Molecular Function (14): transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976), DNA binding (GO:0003677), chromatin binding (GO:0003682), RNA binding (GO:0003723), helicase activity (GO:0004386), ATP binding (GO:0005524), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887), histone binding (GO:0042393), ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity (GO:0140658), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (10): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), centrosome (GO:0005813), NuRD complex (GO:0016581), PML body (GO:0016605), centriolar satellite (GO:0034451), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-12 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Regulation of endogenous retroelements2
Chromatin modifying enzymes1
Positive epigenetic regulation of rRNA expression1
SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins1
Regulation of TP53 Activity1
RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance1
PTEN Regulation1
SARS-CoV Infections1
Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation1
CHD3, CHD4, CHD5 subfamily1
NuRD complex assembly1
Differentiation of T cells1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure4
DNA-templated transcription3
cell cycle process2
regulation of DNA-templated transcription2
nucleic acid binding2
binding2
ATP-dependent activity2
nuclear lumen2
intracellular membraneless organelle2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II1
transcription by RNA polymerase II1
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
chromatin organization1
regulation of gene expression1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process1
microtubule cytoskeleton organization1
microtubule organizing center organization1
cell fate specification1
regulation of cell fate commitment1
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process1
positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process1
regulation of cell differentiation1
stem cell differentiation1
cellular component organization1
transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding1
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding1
nucleic acid conformation isomerase activity1
catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
transition metal ion binding1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity1
protein binding1
DNA binding1
chromatin remodeling1
ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
catalytic activity1
cation binding1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3914 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
CHD3RBBP4P31149995
CHD3RBBP7Q16576995
CHD3GATAD2AQ86YP4995
CHD3HDAC1Q13547994
CHD3MTA1Q13330993
CHD3HDAC2Q92769993
CHD3CHD4Q14839983
CHD3MTA2O94776979
CHD3MTA3Q9BTC8970
CHD3GATAD2BQ8WXI9937
CHD3TRIM28Q13263934
CHD3CDK2AP1O14519827
CHD3KDM1AO60341758
CHD3SETDB1Q15047742
CHD3NAB2Q15742732

IntAct

259 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
HDAC2KDM1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.890
CHD3HDAC1psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.850
RBBP7CDK2AP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
HDAC1CDK2AP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
CHD3CDK2AP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.790
RBBP4CDK2AP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.790
HDAC1TNRC18psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.790
GATAD2BCDK2AP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.790
CHD3RBBP7psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.750
GATAD2ACDK2AP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
CDK2AP1MTA2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
HDAC1ZNF609psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
RBBP7HAT1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
CHD3SUMO2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
ZGPATDHX15psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.670
ZNF219CDK2AP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
KPNA1TCERG1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
GATAD2BMTA2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
ZEB2MTA2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.580
CHD3MTA2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.580
CHD3MTA2psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.580
SERBP1CHD3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.580
CHD3SERBP1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.580

BioGRID (1029): CHD3 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CD2BP2 (Co-fractionation), CHD3 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2A8L1, A2BGR3, A3KFM7, A7E320, B2RRD7, D3ZA12, D3ZD32, E1B7X9, E7EZF3, F4J9M5, F4JTF6, F4K128, F8VPZ5, G5EBZ4, G5EDG2, O14139, O75164, O97159, P32657, P34305, P38144, P55201, Q03468, Q12873, Q14839, Q22516, Q27746, Q4P3S3, Q5RD88, Q640I9, Q6P1G2, Q6P5D3, Q6PDQ2, Q6ZRS2, Q7G8Y3, Q7TMI3, Q7TPK1, Q7Z478, Q8BRB7, Q8TD26

Diamond homologs: A0A0P0WGX7, A2A8L1, A2BGR3, A3KFM7, A6QQR4, A7Z019, A9X4T1, B0R0I6, B0XPE7, B3NAN8, B4GS98, B5BT18, B5DE69, B6ZLK2, D3Z9Z9, D3ZA12, D3ZD32, E1B7X9, F1Q8K0, F4I2H2, F4IV45, F4J9M5, F4JY24, F4K128, F4KBP5, F8VPZ5, G5EBZ4, G5EF53, O12944, O13682, O14139, O14646, O14981, O43065, O76460, P0CO16, P0CO17, P28370, P31380, P32333

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
CHD3“form complex”“MBD2/NuRD complex”binding
CHD3“form complex”“MBD3/NuRD complex”binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 173 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Acetylation932.6×3e-10
Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation by EBF21030.2×8e-11
Regulation of PTEN gene transcription1521.2×1e-13
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation1017.8×1e-08
Regulation of endogenous retroelements617.5×3e-05
NuRD complex assembly1516.8×3e-12
Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells)1416.3×2e-11
Regulation of MECP2 expression and activity514.6×5e-04

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
regulation of stem cell differentiation1047.9×8e-13
NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus630.1×4e-06
DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation827.2×6e-08
positive regulation of DNA repair511.2×4e-03
heterochromatin formation711.2×3e-04
positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance510.8×4e-03
cytoplasmic translation89.3×3e-04
chromatin remodeling209.1×2e-11

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

832 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic38
Likely pathogenic73
Uncertain significance504
Likely benign121
Benign17

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1319380NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.5169G>A (p.Trp1723Ter)Pathogenic
1457659NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.766C>T (p.Arg256Ter)Pathogenic
1685624NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.5541dup (p.Lys1848fs)Pathogenic
1802176NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.20_21del (p.Val7fs)Pathogenic
1803610NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.1618dup (p.Arg540fs)Pathogenic
1804082NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.1652_1653del (p.Phe551fs)Pathogenic
1805076NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.4507C>T (p.Gln1503Ter)Pathogenic
2500710NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.2785C>T (p.Leu929Phe)Pathogenic
2501762NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.4073-3_4078delPathogenic
2506996NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.4100_4101insT (p.Glu1368fs)Pathogenic
2507028NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.1708-1G>TPathogenic
2574667NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.3431A>T (p.Asn1144Ile)Pathogenic
3254729NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.2749A>G (p.Asn917Asp)Pathogenic
3376968NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.1612_1613delinsA (p.Pro538fs)Pathogenic
3383503NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.720del (p.Ala241fs)Pathogenic
3390629NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.322C>T (p.Arg108Ter)Pathogenic
3491953NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.5662C>T (p.Arg1888Ter)Pathogenic
3491955NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.4494del (p.Lys1500fs)Pathogenic
3780969NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.2653G>A (p.Ala885Thr)Pathogenic
3832781NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.3577C>T (p.Arg1193Ter)Pathogenic
3832789NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.1618del (p.Arg540fs)Pathogenic
3832794NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.4081_4084del (p.Glu1362fs)Pathogenic
3901359NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.3506G>A (p.Arg1169Gln)Pathogenic
3907777NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.154C>T (p.Arg52Ter)Pathogenic
4002108NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.751C>T (p.Gln251Ter)Pathogenic
4056449NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.4073-3delinsAAPathogenic
4075815NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.3452T>A (p.Val1151Asp)Pathogenic
422607NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.2896C>T (p.Arg966Trp)Pathogenic
4614504NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.307C>T (p.Arg103Ter)Pathogenic
4614506NM_001005273.3(CHD3):c.266_269del (p.Glu89fs)Pathogenic

SpliceAI

5373 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:7884954:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:7889654:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7889660:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7889662:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7889663:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7889663:GATAA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7889772:AGCGT:Adonor_gain1.0000
17:7889773:GCGT:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:7889773:GCGTG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:7889775:GT:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:7889776:TGTAA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
17:7889777:G:GAdonor_loss1.0000
17:7889777:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
17:7889778:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:7890568:TA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
17:7890569:A:ATacceptor_loss1.0000
17:7890570:GGACA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7890672:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:7890935:CGCA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
17:7890936:GCA:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
17:7890937:CAG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
17:7890938:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7890938:AGCA:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
17:7890939:G:GCacceptor_loss1.0000
17:7890939:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7890939:GCAA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7891065:GTGCG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:7893786:ACCCC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:7894248:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:7894252:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

13138 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
17:7890979:T:AW142R1.000
17:7890979:T:CW142R1.000
17:7890986:T:CL144P1.000
17:7891007:T:CF151S1.000
17:7891031:T:CL159P1.000
17:7891038:C:AN161K1.000
17:7891038:C:GN161K1.000
17:7891039:T:CY162H1.000
17:7891039:T:GY162D1.000
17:7891040:A:GY162C1.000
17:7891042:A:GK163E1.000
17:7891043:A:TK163I1.000
17:7891044:A:CK163N1.000
17:7891044:A:TK163N1.000
17:7891048:T:CF165L1.000
17:7891049:T:CF165S1.000
17:7891050:C:AF165L1.000
17:7891050:C:GF165L1.000
17:7891051:A:CS166R1.000
17:7891053:C:AS166R1.000
17:7891053:C:GS166R1.000
17:7891064:G:CR170T1.000
17:7891064:G:TR170M1.000
17:7893286:G:CR170S1.000
17:7893286:G:TR170S1.000
17:7893294:T:AI173N1.000
17:7893297:C:AA174D1.000
17:7893307:T:AN177K1.000
17:7893307:T:GN177K1.000
17:7893328:G:CK184N1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000028601 (17:7889171 G>A,C), RS1000078283 (17:7909959 C>T), RS1000221615 (17:7895476 G>A), RS1000296627 (17:7902282 C>T), RS1000668595 (17:7901090 C>T), RS1000833299 (17:7901517 T>G), RS1001044401 (17:7887716 C>T), RS1001139219 (17:7888002 G>A), RS1001177178 (17:7896761 C>T), RS1001311940 (17:7890153 G>A), RS1001395482 (17:7904329 G>T), RS1001435359 (17:7893991 G>A,T), RS1001619311 (17:7911103 G>C), RS1001628355 (17:7896947 C>T), RS1001903950 (17:7909595 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602120 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618205

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Snijders Blok-Campeau syndromeDefinitiveAutosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Snijders Blok-Campeau syndromeDefinitiveAD

Mondo (6): Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome (MONDO:0032600), neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), breast ductal adenocarcinoma (MONDO:0005590), coloboma (MONDO:0001476), autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258), intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071)

Orphanet (4): CHD3-related developmental delay-speech delay-intellectual disability-abnormalities of vision-facial dysmorphism syndrome (Orphanet:599082), OBSOLETE: Ocular coloboma (Orphanet:194), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Autism (Orphanet:106), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Unexplained intellectual disability (Orphanet:319658)

HPO phenotypes

46 total (30 of 46 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000006Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000023Inguinal hernia
HP:0000218High palate
HP:0000256Macrocephaly
HP:0000286Epicanthus
HP:0000316Hypertelorism
HP:0000369Low-set ears
HP:0000431Wide nasal bridge
HP:0000448Prominent nose
HP:0000483Astigmatism
HP:0000486Strabismus
HP:0000540Hypermetropia
HP:0000679Taurodontia
HP:0000687Widely spaced teeth
HP:0000729Autistic behavior
HP:0000733Motor stereotypy
HP:0000750Delayed speech and language development
HP:0001249Intellectual disability
HP:0001252Hypotonia
HP:0001260Dysarthria
HP:0001263Global developmental delay
HP:0001382Joint hypermobility
HP:0001537Umbilical hernia
HP:0001631Atrial septal defect
HP:0001642Pulmonic stenosis
HP:0001760Abnormal foot morphology
HP:0002007Frontal bossing
HP:0002119Ventriculomegaly
HP:0002136Broad-based gait
HP:0002317Unsteady gait

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002987_12Stroke1.000000e-08
GCST002988_1Ischemic stroke5.000000e-09
GCST006085_91Prostate cancer1.000000e-16
GCST006976_83Macular thickness3.000000e-09
GCST010002_119Refractive error3.000000e-22

MeSH disease descriptors (4)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D018270Carcinoma, Ductal, BreastC04.557.470.200.025.232.500; C04.557.470.615.132.500; C04.588.180.390; C17.800.090.500.390
D003103ColobomaC11.250.110; C11.270.147; C16.131.384.282
D008607Intellectual DisabilityC10.597.606.360; C23.888.592.604.646; F01.700.687; F03.625.539
D065886Neurodevelopmental DisordersF03.625

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6067283 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
5.87Kd1347nMCHEMBL5653589
5.65ED502235nMCHEMBL5653589

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 2 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide2148067: Binding affinity to human CHD3 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assaykd1.3471uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

58 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation4
sodium arseniteincreases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance3
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression3
propionaldehydedecreases expression, increases methylation2
bisphenol Aincreases expression, decreases expression2
butyraldehydeincreases methylation, decreases expression2
Air Pollutantsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases oxidation2
Arsenicaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, decreases expression2
Cisplatinaffects expression, decreases expression2
Cadmium Chlorideincreases expression2
FR900359affects phosphorylation1
dicrotophosincreases expression1
2,4,6-tribromophenoldecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
nonanalincreases methylation1
n-hexanalincreases methylation1
decabromobiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
arsenitedecreases reaction, affects binding1
tetrabromobisphenol Adecreases expression1
manganese chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment1
cupric chloridedecreases expression1
coumarindecreases phosphorylation1
caprylic aldehydeincreases methylation1
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
pentanalincreases methylation1
heptanalincreases methylation1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL5651109BindingBinding affinity to human CHD3 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assayNVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — ChemMedChem

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_SI93HAP1 CHD3 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SI94HAP1 CHD3 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT04586348PHASE4UNKNOWNPrenatal Iodine Supplementation and Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
NCT04873115PHASE4UNKNOWNDouble-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Sialanar Plus orAl rehabiLitation Against Placebo Plus Oral Rehabilitation for chIldren and Adolescents With seVere Sialorrhoea and Neurodisabilties,
NCT00391261PHASE4COMPLETEDAn Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT01028820PHASE4COMPLETEDFMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865PHASE4COMPLETEDA Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700PHASE4COMPLETEDMilnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200PHASE4COMPLETEDOmega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02096952PHASE4COMPLETEDMethylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02235467PHASE4COMPLETEDMultisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02940574PHASE4COMPLETEDNeural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629PHASE4COMPLETEDPromoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646PHASE4COMPLETEDEvaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431PHASE4COMPLETEDImproving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585PHASE4COMPLETEDNatural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353PHASE4COMPLETEDPragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656PHASE4COMPLETEDBiomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
NCT05146245PHASE4UNKNOWNSafety and Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotics in Children 2: Studying TDM in an RCT
NCT05916339PHASE4RECRUITINGAWARE: Management of ADHD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT05954052PHASE4TERMINATEDA Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06853665PHASE4RECRUITINGThe TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine
NCT07054697PHASE4COMPLETEDPilot-RCT With Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07161804PHASE4COMPLETEDPilot RCT Using Homeopathic Medicines in ASD
NCT07439042PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGBuspirone for Anxiety in Autistic Youth
NCT02559102PHASE3COMPLETEDDexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Infants
NCT02757079PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy of the Efficacy and Safety of NPC-15 for Sleep Disorders of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT06915480PHASE3RECRUITINGReducing Missed Appointments
NCT07377032PHASE3RECRUITINGTAP-GRIN: Interventional Study on Patients With GRIN-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT03414970PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGHypofractionated Radiation Therapy After Mastectomy in Preventing Recurrence in Patients With Stage IIa-IIIa Breast Cancer
NCT01302964PHASE3COMPLETEDMirtazapine Treatment of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Pervasive Developmental Disorders
NCT01706523PHASE3TERMINATEDOpen Label Extension Study of STX209 (Arbaclofen) in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01825798PHASE3COMPLETEDTreatment of Overweight Induced by Antipsychotic Medication in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT01972074PHASE3COMPLETEDBehavioral and Neural Response to Memantine in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT02985749PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study of Oxytocin for the Treatment of Social Impairment in Individuals With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT03197922PHASE3COMPLETEDTreatment of Encopresis in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03504917PHASE3TERMINATEDA Study of Balovaptan in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder With a 2-Year Open-Label Extension
NCT03553875PHASE3TERMINATEDMemantine for the Treatment of Social Deficits in Youth With Disorders of Impaired Social Interactions
NCT03640156PHASE3COMPLETEDModulating Socially Adaptive Mirror System Functioning in Autism by Oxytocin
NCT03715153PHASE3TERMINATEDEfficacy and Safety of Bumetanide Oral Liquid Formulation in Children Aged From 2 to Less Than 7 Years Old With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
NCT03715166PHASE3TERMINATEDEfficacy and Safety of Bumetanide Oral Liquid Formulation in Children and Adolescents Aged From 7 to Less Than 18 Years Old With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT04233502PHASE3WITHDRAWNEfficacy and Safety of Slenyto for Insomnia in Children With ASD