CHST12

Summary

CHST12 (carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12, HGNC:17423) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7p22.3, encoding Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 (Q9NRB3). Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate.

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. It is localized to the golgi membrane, and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage, and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Alternatively spliced transcript variants differing only in their 5’ UTRs have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 55501 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 91 total — 1 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018641

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17423
Approved symbol	CHST12
Name	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12
Location	7p22.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	C4S-2, C4ST2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000136213
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610129
Entrez	55501

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 15 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000258711, ENST00000313156, ENST00000432336, ENST00000618655, ENST00000852327, ENST00000852328, ENST00000852329, ENST00000852330, ENST00000852331, ENST00000852332, ENST00000852333, ENST00000852334, ENST00000852335, ENST00000852336, ENST00000941705, ENST00000941706

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_018641 NM_001243794, NM_001243795, NM_018641

CCDS: CCDS5333

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000618655 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003714081	2432563	2448484
ENSE00003730161	2403611	2403673

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 265 present calls, max score 93.16.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 7.8105 / max 224.5924, expressed in 1751 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
76973	7.8105	1751

Top tissues by expression

281 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	93.16	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	92.59	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	91.51	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	89.19	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	88.54	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	86.69	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	85.22	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	84.45	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	84.37	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	83.58	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	83.44	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	83.37	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	83.30	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	83.02	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	82.88	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	82.48	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	82.38	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	82.29	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	82.25	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	82.04	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	82.03	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	81.96	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	81.68	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	81.67	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	81.63	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	81.60	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	81.54	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	81.53	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	81.49	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	81.39	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 30 experiment(s), a significant marker in 15.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-137537	yes	8194.57
E-GEOD-150728	yes	5020.10
E-HCAD-31	yes	4494.02
E-HCAD-56	yes	3448.79
E-HCAD-23	yes	3162.38
E-MTAB-6701	yes	104.75
E-HCAD-1	yes	104.74
E-MTAB-8142	yes	99.53
E-CURD-122	yes	36.09
E-MTAB-6678	yes	28.88
E-MTAB-10287	yes	28.21
E-HCAD-9	yes	22.01
E-CURD-88	yes	18.31
E-ANND-3	yes	10.83
E-MTAB-8410	yes	10.04

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): RBPJ

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

18 targeting CHST12, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-656-3P	100.00	72.15	2788
HSA-MIR-4673	100.00	66.64	1490
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-101-3P	99.94	75.03	2230
HSA-MIR-518A-5P	99.70	69.01	2209
HSA-MIR-527	99.70	69.01	2209
HSA-MIR-7844-5P	99.55	68.56	1428
HSA-MIR-671-5P	99.52	67.11	1277
HSA-MIR-302A-5P	99.39	68.21	1913
HSA-MIR-1207-3P	98.99	66.22	1532
HSA-MIR-3135B	98.61	65.33	1470
HSA-MIR-6779-3P	97.51	65.82	789
HSA-MIR-122-5P	97.23	64.92	1024
HSA-MIR-6759-3P	96.94	68.31	823
HSA-MIR-2276-5P	96.27	65.85	937
HSA-MIR-4524B-3P	95.52	64.12	964
HSA-MIR-4767	86.06	61.02	43

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• human D4ST-1, C4ST-1, and S4ST-2 have differential roles in dermatan sulfate biosynthesis (PMID:12847091)
• These results have demonstrated that CHST11 and CHST13 negatively modulate metastasis and drug resistance of HCC cells probably via oncogenic MAPK signal pathway. (PMID:26993826)
• Abnormal expression of chondroitin sulfate sulfotransferases in the articular cartilage of pediatric patients with Kashin-Beck disease. (PMID:31845005)
• Knockdown of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 decreases the proliferation and mobility of glioblastoma cells via the WNT/beta-catenin pathway. (PMID:34288811)

Cross-species orthologs

10 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	chst12a	ENSDARG00000028786
danio_rerio	chst12b.1	ENSDARG00000077198
danio_rerio	chst12b.5	ENSDARG00000092200
danio_rerio	chst12b.6	ENSDARG00000092242
danio_rerio	chst12b.4	ENSDARG00000093636
danio_rerio	chst12b.3	ENSDARG00000094981
danio_rerio	chst12b.2	ENSDARG00000095482
		ENSDARG00000102655
mus_musculus	Chst12	ENSMUSG00000036599
rattus_norvegicus	Chst12	ENSRNOG00000001252

Paralogs (6): CHST10 (ENSG00000115526), CHST8 (ENSG00000124302), CHST9 (ENSG00000154080), CHST14 (ENSG00000169105), CHST11 (ENSG00000171310), CHST13 (ENSG00000180767)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 — Q9NRB3 (reviewed: Q9NRB3)

Alternative names: Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase 2, Chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase 2, Sulfotransferase Hlo

All UniProt accessions (2): C9J991, Q9NRB3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Activity toward partially desulfated dermatan sulfate is however lower. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus membrane.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed. Expressed a high level in spinal chord, heart, spleen, thyroid, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, peripheral blood leukocytes, thymus, lung, small intestine, fetal kidney, fetal spleen and fetal lung.

Similarity. Belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001230723, NP_001230724, NP_061111* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR005331	Sulfotransferase	Family
IPR018011	Carb_sulfotrans_8-10	Family

Pfam: PF03567

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.8.2.5 — chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase (BRENDA: 8 organisms, 31 substrates, 8 inhibitors, 14 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

3 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 3. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
3’-PHOSPHOADENYLYLSULFATE	0.0003–1.4	6
CHONDROITIN	0.0038–2.7	4
3’-PHOSPHOADENYLYL SULFATE	0.0013–0.036	2

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• chondroitin beta-D-glucuronate + n 3’-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = chondroitin 4’-sulfate + n adenosine 3’,5’-bisphosphate + n H(+) (RHEA:16101)

UniProt features (21 total): sequence variant 5, glycosylation site 4, sequence conflict 4, topological domain 2, binding site 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NRB3-F1	83.83	0.70

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (2): 171–177; 245–253

Glycosylation sites (4): 280, 370, 134, 209

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2022870	CS-GAG biosynthesis

MSigDB gene sets: 189 (showing top): GSE45365_CTRL_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_NK_CELL_UP, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, chr7p22, GOBP_CHONDROITIN_SULFATE_PROTEOGLYCAN_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GROSS_HYPOXIA_VIA_ELK3_UP, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CHONDROITIN_SULFATE_PROTEOGLYCAN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_7P22_AMPLICON, MILI_PSEUDOPODIA_CHEMOTAXIS_DN, GOBP_PROTEIN_O_LINKED_GLYCOSYLATION, GOBP_GLYCOPROTEIN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, SHEN_SMARCA2_TARGETS_DN, REACTOME_METABOLISM_OF_CARBOHYDRATES_AND_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVES, GOMF_SULFUR_COMPOUND_BINDING

GO Biological Process (4): carbohydrate biosynthetic process (GO:0016051), proteoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0030166), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0050650), dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0050651)

GO Molecular Function (4): sulfotransferase activity (GO:0008146), chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase activity (GO:0047756), 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate binding (GO:0050656), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), membrane (GO:0016020), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
proteoglycan biosynthetic process	2
protein O-linked glycosylation via xylose	2
carbohydrate metabolic process	1
biosynthetic process	1
proteoglycan metabolic process	1
glycoprotein biosynthetic process	1
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process	1
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process	1
transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups	1
chondroitin sulfotransferase activity	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
anion binding	1
sulfur compound binding	1
catalytic activity	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

602 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CHST12	CHST7	Q9NS84	811
CHST12	CHST15	Q7LFX5	756
CHST12	CHST3	Q7LGC8	744
CHST12	CSGALNACT2	Q8N6G5	694
CHST12	CSGALNACT1	Q8TDX6	665
CHST12	CHSY1	Q86X52	604
CHST12	HS2ST1	Q7LGA3	604
CHST12	CHPF	Q8IZ52	598
CHST12	DSE	Q9UL01	571
CHST12	CHPF2	Q9P2E5	536
CHST12	GLCE	O94923	518
CHST12	NDST2	P52849	515
CHST12	HS3ST4	Q9Y661	512
CHST12	HS6ST3	Q8IZP7	498
CHST12	NDST4	Q9H3R1	497
CHST12	UST	Q9Y2C2	497

IntAct

84 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TRADD	TNF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
B3GAT3	GOLIM4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
Mzt2	TUBG1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.560
DKK3	NME4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SDF4	GTPBP6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FBXO2	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CRP	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CLGN	NPC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PON2	NPC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
C1orf54	EXTL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EDA	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
Gspt1	MRPL27	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CBX8	CMSS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HTR3C	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LYZL1	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CRP	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MPPE1	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PTCH1	PLXNB2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ITM2B	SEMA4F	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CHST12	SSRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HLA-DRA	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CHRNA4	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LDLRAD1	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PDGFRA	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CLEC12B	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (93): CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHST12 (Affinity Capture-MS), XRCC6BP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RMND1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A6QNK1, O14792, O19058, O35310, O43916, O88199, Q10979, Q11127, Q29043, Q5E9W5, Q5RJQ0, Q5XPT3, Q6P7A1, Q6XQG8, Q6XQG9, Q6XQH0, Q712G6, Q7LGC8, Q7T3S3, Q800H9, Q80WV3, Q866C5, Q866C7, Q866D2, Q866D6, Q866D9, Q866E1, Q866E6, Q866E7, Q866E8, Q866F0, Q866F1, Q8HYJ3, Q8HYJ4, Q8HYJ7, Q8N3Y3, Q8NET6, Q92179, Q96RP7, Q99999

Diamond homologs: O43529, O54702, P69478, Q5RBZ6, Q5XHM7, Q5ZIE4, Q6AXM1, Q6GNS1, Q6PGK7, Q76EC5, Q7L1S5, Q7T3S3, Q805E5, Q8BQ86, Q8NET6, Q99LL3, Q9H2A9, Q9JME2, Q9NPF2, Q9NRB3, Q80V53, Q8NCH0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 100 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives	6	11.6×	4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

91 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	80
Likely benign	6
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
393941	GRCh37/hg19 7p22.3-21.3(chr7:183556-12746636)x3	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

400 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:2432559:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:2432561:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:2432562:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:2432560:CAGG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9600
7:2432561:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9600
7:2432562:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9600
7:2404204:C:T	donor_gain	0.9500
7:2432555:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9500
7:2432558:TGCAG:T	acceptor_gain	0.9500
7:2432559:GCAGG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9500
7:2432556:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.9400
7:2432562:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9400
7:2432562:GGTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9400
7:2432561:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9300
7:2432562:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.9100
7:2432555:ATCT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9000
7:2432558:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9000
7:2422166:G:GG	donor_gain	0.8900
7:2422168:T:A	donor_gain	0.8900
7:2404208:T:TA	donor_gain	0.8800
7:2403643:GAGG:G	donor_loss	0.8700
7:2403644:AGG:A	donor_loss	0.8700
7:2403645:GGT:G	donor_loss	0.8700
7:2403646:G:A	donor_loss	0.8700
7:2403647:T:A	donor_loss	0.8700
7:2404529:GCCC:G	donor_gain	0.8600
7:2432562:GGTTC:G	acceptor_gain	0.8600
7:2432552:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.8500
7:2428565:T:TG	donor_gain	0.8400
7:2432557:CTGCA:C	acceptor_gain	0.8400

AlphaMissense

2725 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:2433142:G:A	C168Y	0.999
7:2433143:C:G	C168W	0.999
7:2433171:T:A	W178R	0.999
7:2433171:T:C	W178R	0.999
7:2433176:G:C	K179N	0.999
7:2433176:G:T	K179N	0.999
7:2433602:C:A	H321Q	0.999
7:2433602:C:G	H321Q	0.999
7:2433603:T:A	W322R	0.999
7:2433603:T:C	W322R	0.999
7:2433605:G:C	W322C	0.999
7:2433605:G:T	W322C	0.999
7:2433625:G:A	C329Y	0.999
7:2433626:C:G	C329W	0.999
7:2433142:G:T	C168F	0.998
7:2433166:C:T	T176I	0.998
7:2433173:G:C	W178C	0.998
7:2433173:G:T	W178C	0.998
7:2433178:G:C	R180P	0.998
7:2433413:G:C	K258N	0.998
7:2433413:G:T	K258N	0.998
7:2433625:G:T	C329F	0.998
7:2433633:T:A	C332S	0.998
7:2433634:G:C	C332S	0.998
7:2433138:T:G	Y167D	0.997
7:2433141:T:C	C168R	0.997
7:2433155:G:C	K172N	0.997
7:2433155:G:T	K172N	0.997
7:2433163:G:A	C175Y	0.997
7:2433600:C:A	H321N	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000007783 (7:2413408 T>C), RS1000102436 (7:2423867 G>A), RS1000172983 (7:2422722 G>C,T), RS1000246514 (7:2422053 C>A,T), RS1000291207 (7:2418025 G>A), RS1000296298 (7:2422187 C>T), RS1000298607 (7:2448948 G>A,C), RS1000378764 (7:2441463 C>G,T), RS1000402601 (7:2444917 A>G,T), RS1000415731 (7:2447946 T>C,G), RS1000524666 (7:2411939 G>A,T), RS1000537936 (7:2423585 T>C), RS1000632985 (7:2412761 G>C,T), RS1000649014 (7:2409124 C>A,T), RS1000669999 (7:2408943 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610129 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

10 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001198_12	Multiple sclerosis	4.000000e-06
GCST004777_15	Diastolic blood pressure	1.000000e-06
GCST005759_5	Dimensional psychopathology (Social)	2.000000e-07
GCST006258_9	Diastolic blood pressure	3.000000e-11
GCST006259_39	Systolic blood pressure	1.000000e-10
GCST006585_1823	Blood protein levels	7.000000e-11
GCST007094_145	Diastolic blood pressure	8.000000e-10
GCST007099_23	Systolic blood pressure	3.000000e-07
GCST009597_44	Multiple sclerosis	3.000000e-08
GCST90002398_417	Neutrophil count	3.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0006336	diastolic blood pressure
EFO:0009100	social domain measurement
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0004833	neutrophil count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

27 total (human), top 27 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
Arsenic	affects methylation, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
titanium dioxide	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Manganese	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Urethane	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	affects expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.