CHST15

Summary

CHST15 (carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15, HGNC:18137) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q26.13, encoding Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (Q7LFX5). Sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc(4,6-SO(4)) repeating units.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan which is an important structural component of the extracellular matrix and which links to proteins to form proteoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) is an isomer of chondroitin sulfate in which the C-4 and C-6 hydroxyl groups are sulfated. This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a sulfotransferase to transfer sulfate to the C-6 hydroxal group of chondroitin sulfate. This gene has also been identified as being co-expressed with RAG1 in B-cells and as potentially acting as a B-cell surface signaling receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 51363 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 98 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001270764

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18137
Approved symbol	CHST15
Name	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15
Location	10q26.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	GALNAC4S-6ST, BRAG, KIAA0598
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000182022
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	608277
Entrez	51363

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 19 — 18 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000346248, ENST00000435907, ENST00000462406, ENST00000476765, ENST00000628426, ENST00000874549, ENST00000874550, ENST00000874551, ENST00000874552, ENST00000874553, ENST00000874554, ENST00000874555, ENST00000874556, ENST00000874557, ENST00000874558, ENST00000917873, ENST00000956350, ENST00000956351, ENST00000956352

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001270764 NM_001270764, NM_001270765, NM_014863, NM_015892

CCDS: CCDS55731, CCDS7638

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000435907 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001779488	124093469	124093598
ENSE00003889415	124007668	124010339
ENSE00003891635	124045667	124046724
ENSE00003892357	124021256	124021412
ENSE00003893135	124042301	124042447
ENSE00003893332	124044580	124044919
ENSE00003893902	124012333	124012480
ENSE00003894408	124038515	124038671

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 281 present calls, max score 97.04.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 21.9648 / max 1803.7375, expressed in 1433 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (10 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
111800	7.3552	983
111805	6.4246	1285
111806	5.4502	1257
111799	0.9841	313
111803	0.5655	89
111807	0.3353	178
111801	0.2915	146
111796	0.2397	114
111804	0.2045	81
111802	0.1142	42

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	97.04	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	96.65	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	96.48	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	95.57	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	95.32	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	95.28	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	95.14	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	94.42	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	94.07	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	93.61	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.16	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	92.88	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	92.78	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	92.08	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	91.75	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	91.73	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	91.50	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	91.46	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	91.27	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	91.15	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	91.02	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	90.92	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	90.79	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	90.75	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	90.66	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	90.59	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	90.55	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	90.53	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	90.39	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	90.24	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7249	yes	102.22
E-ANND-3	yes	12.57
E-MTAB-9067	yes	11.56

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

69 targeting CHST15, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-146A-5P	99.96	68.93	988
HSA-MIR-146B-5P	99.96	69.13	977
HSA-MIR-1236-3P	99.94	68.04	1695
HSA-MIR-7153-5P	99.94	68.89	1006
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-3686	99.90	70.53	2432
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-3941	99.86	70.54	2735
HSA-MIR-659-3P	99.85	70.69	1620
HSA-MIR-6515-3P	99.82	68.19	1933
HSA-MIR-4668-5P	99.79	70.58	3782
HSA-MIR-623	99.76	68.16	1170
HSA-MIR-6794-5P	99.76	66.38	1048
HSA-MIR-4428	99.73	66.41	1733
HSA-MIR-10393-3P	99.72	66.56	961
HSA-MIR-6801-5P	99.72	66.50	981
HSA-MIR-4716-3P	99.69	66.73	1022
HSA-MIR-4502	99.65	66.99	1021
HSA-MIR-1827	99.63	68.57	3265
HSA-MIR-7150	99.62	66.80	1322
HSA-MIR-1249-5P	99.61	66.55	2049
HSA-MIR-6797-5P	99.61	66.55	2084
HSA-MIR-7159-3P	99.51	70.17	1920
HSA-MIR-6833-5P	99.50	68.93	1161
HSA-MIR-217-5P	99.49	69.93	1419

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

• Findings indicate that GalNAc4S-6ST mRNA expressed by astrocytic tumor cells is associated with poor patient prognosis. (PMID:23349846)
• The direct action of CHST15 on the proliferation. (PMID:26642349)
• blockade CHST15 represses colonic fibrosis (PMID:27410685)
• The expression of HOTAIR closely correlated with the level of CHST15 protein. (PMID:30963568)
• Results showed that CHST15 is highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) TE1 cell line and tissues. Its knockdown inhibited TE1 cell growth and proliferation, but induced cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that CHST15 may play an essential role in mediating the tumorigenicity of ESCC cells. (PMID:31746400)
• circCHST15 is a novel prognostic biomarker that promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis through the miR-125a-5p/EIF4EBP1 axis. (PMID:34922539)
• CHST15 gene germline mutation is associated with the development of familial myeloproliferative neoplasms and higher transformation risk. (PMID:35798703)
• Association of genetic variants of CircCHST15 with oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese Han population. (PMID:36608057)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	chst15	ENSDARG00000074527
mus_musculus	Chst15	ENSMUSG00000030930
rattus_norvegicus	Chst15	ENSRNOG00000016267

Protein

Protein identifiers

Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 — Q7LFX5 (reviewed: Q7LFX5)

Alternative names: B-cell RAG-associated gene protein, N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase

All UniProt accessions (2): Q7LFX5, A0A0D9SFZ3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc(4,6-SO(4)) repeating units. It also transfers sulfate to a unique non-reducing terminal sequence, GalNAc(4SO4)-GlcA(2SO4)-GalNAc(6SO4), to yield a highly sulfated structure similar to the structure found in thrombomodulin chondroitin sulfate. May also act as a B-cell receptor involved in BCR ligation-mediated early activation that mediate regulatory signals key to B-cell development and/or regulation of B-cell-specific RAG expression; however such results are unclear in vivo.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer; disulfide-linked (Potential). The relevance of homodimerization is however unsure. May interact with phosphorylated proteins in resting B-cells, including HCK.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in B-cell-enriched tissues but not in fetal or adult thymus. Expressed in fetal and adult spleen, lymph node, tonsil, bone marrow and peripheral leukocytes. Not expressed in T-cells. In pro-B, pre-B, and mature B-cell lines, it colocalizes with RAG1.

Post-translational modifications. Glycosylated.

Activity regulation. Inhibited by phenyl beta-GalNAc(4,6-SO(4)).

Similarity. Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q7LFX5-1	1	yes
Q7LFX5-2	2

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001257693, NP_001257694, NP_055678, NP_056976 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000863	Sulfotransferase_dom	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR052654	CS_Sulfotransferase	Family

Pfam: PF00685

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.8.2.33 — N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (BRENDA: 4 organisms, 36 substrates, 18 inhibitors, 8 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

8 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 8. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
3’-PHOSPHOADENYLYL SULFATE	0.0005	1
CHONDROITIN 4-SULFATE	0.027	1
CHONDROITIN SULFATE A	0.0011	1
DERMATAN SULFATE	0.0013	1
GALNAC(4SO4)-D-GLUCURONIC ACID-GALNAC(4SO4)	0.028	1
GALNAC(4SO4)-D-GLUCURONIC ACID-GALNAC(6SO4)	0.82	1
GALNAC(4SO4)-GLC(2SO4)-GALNAC(6SO4)	0.013	1
UDP-GALNAC 4-SULFATE	0.0038	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

• chondroitin 4’-sulfate + n 3’-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = chondroitin 4’,6’-bissulfate + n adenosine 3’,5’-bisphosphate + n H(+) (RHEA:54300)
• dermatan 4’-sulfate + n 3’-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = dermatan 4’,6’-bissulfate + n adenosine 3’,5’-bisphosphate + n H(+) (RHEA:54304)

UniProt features (9 total): binding site 3, topological domain 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, glycosylation site 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q7LFX5-F1	80.20	0.66

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 263–267; 392; 400

Glycosylation sites (1): 364

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2022870	CS-GAG biosynthesis
R-HSA-2022923	DS-GAG biosynthesis

MSigDB gene sets: 323 (showing top): GSE37336_LY6C_POS_VS_NEG_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_UP, MCLACHLAN_DENTAL_CARIES_UP, MODULE_45, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, BOYLAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_D_DN, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MODULE_66, GOBP_CHONDROITIN_SULFATE_PROTEOGLYCAN_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, MODULE_118, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, CEBP_Q2, GNF2_MCL1, SHETH_LIVER_CANCER_VS_TXNIP_LOSS_PAM4, ROZANOV_MMP14_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_MONOSACCHARIDE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (3): hexose biosynthetic process (GO:0019319), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0050650), dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0050651)

GO Molecular Function (5): 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate binding (GO:0050656), N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity (GO:0050659), protein binding (GO:0005515), sulfotransferase activity (GO:0008146), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), membrane (GO:0016020), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate metabolism	2

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
proteoglycan biosynthetic process	2
protein O-linked glycosylation via xylose	2
hexose metabolic process	1
monosaccharide biosynthetic process	1
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process	1
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
anion binding	1
sulfur compound binding	1
sulfotransferase activity	1
binding	1
transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups	1
catalytic activity	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

842 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CHST15	PIP5K1C	O60331	830
CHST15	CHST13	Q8NET6	780
CHST15	CHST7	Q9NS84	764
CHST15	CHST12	Q9NRB3	756
CHST15	CHST14	Q8NCH0	737
CHST15	CHST3	Q7LGC8	731
CHST15	CHST11	Q9NPF2	729
CHST15	HS2ST1	Q7LGA3	666
CHST15	CSGALNACT2	Q8N6G5	666
CHST15	CSGALNACT1	Q8TDX6	660
CHST15	CHPF	Q8IZ52	605
CHST15	RAG1	P15918	599
CHST15	DSEL	Q8IZU8	588
CHST15	PSD	A5PKW4	582
CHST15	DSE	Q9UL01	581

IntAct

12 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CHST15	CANX	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
CHST15	CANX	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
MEOX2	CHST15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MORN5	BCAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PIN4	CHST15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
NLRP12	CHST15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CHST15	SLC43A3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CHST15	MEOX2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (34): CANX (Affinity Capture-MS), CCNB1 (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF5A (Affinity Capture-MS), HIVEP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LPGAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CEPT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), FARS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), CASC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), ERC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLHDC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC43A3 (Affinity Capture-MS), RABL6 (Affinity Capture-MS), PLEKHG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC25A19 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC35E1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8C2LVE3, A2BGL3, F4HXW9, O08889, O17645, O43909, O43916, O93336, O93403, O95461, P25722, P69478, P79948, Q0IIY2, Q2TBF2, Q5NDE4, Q5NDE5, Q5NDE6, Q5NDE7, Q5NDE8, Q5NVB3, Q5R621, Q5RJQ0, Q5XHM7, Q66PG1, Q66PG2, Q66PG3, Q6DBY9, Q6NVP8, Q6P9A2, Q6PA90, Q76EC5, Q76KB1, Q7LFX5, Q7LGA3, Q7LGC8, Q7T3S3, Q800H9, Q8BUB6, Q8CHI9

Diamond homologs: Q7LFX5, Q8CHI9, Q8WTN9, Q91XQ5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

98 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	81
Likely benign	2
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2653 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:124012329:ATAC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124012372:TG:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124012478:CAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124021254:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124021255:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124021255:CAGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124021409:CAAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124021412:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:124021413:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:124038510:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:124038511:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:124038512:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:124038513:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124038513:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:124038514:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
10:124038514:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124038514:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:124038667:CTCCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124038668:TCCC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124038669:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124038669:CCCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124038670:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124038670:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124038671:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124038671:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:124038672:C:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:124038672:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:124042295:CCTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:124042296:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:124042297:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3759 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
10:124021388:A:C	F405L	1.000
10:124021388:A:T	F405L	1.000
10:124021390:A:G	F405L	1.000
10:124038530:C:A	R392M	1.000
10:124038530:C:G	R392T	1.000
10:124038648:A:G	W353R	1.000
10:124038648:A:T	W353R	1.000
10:124038661:A:C	S348R	1.000
10:124038661:A:T	S348R	1.000
10:124038663:T:G	S348R	1.000
10:124044598:A:G	W290R	1.000
10:124044598:A:T	W290R	1.000
10:124044601:A:G	W289R	1.000
10:124044601:A:T	W289R	1.000
10:124044611:C:A	K285N	1.000
10:124044611:C:G	K285N	1.000
10:124044666:G:A	T267I	1.000
10:124044672:C:T	G265E	1.000
10:124044674:G:C	C264W	1.000
10:124044677:C:A	K263N	1.000
10:124044677:C:G	K263N	1.000
10:124012438:A:G	W464R	0.999
10:124012438:A:T	W464R	0.999
10:124021359:A:G	F415S	0.999
10:124021389:A:C	F405C	0.999
10:124021393:A:C	Y404D	0.999
10:124021395:A:G	L403P	0.999
10:124021401:T:A	D401V	0.999
10:124021405:A:G	S400P	0.999
10:124021412:C:A	R397S	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000003168 (10:124085652 G>A,C), RS1000046760 (10:124013402 G>T), RS1000072657 (10:124050869 C>G), RS1000103768 (10:124056766 C>G), RS1000113684 (10:124018599 C>T), RS1000155481 (10:124044432 G>A), RS1000165316 (10:124088427 G>A), RS1000185688 (10:124028880 A>C), RS1000188212 (10:124039885 T>C,G), RS1000190664 (10:124007929 C>A,T), RS1000245395 (10:124013680 C>T), RS1000264181 (10:124034005 T>C), RS1000269131 (10:124050763 G>A), RS1000346478 (10:124023384 C>CT), RS1000353193 (10:124062439 T>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:608277 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003518_93	Daytime sleep phenotypes	3.000000e-08
GCST006585_2696	Blood protein levels	1.000000e-06
GCST006585_2697	Blood protein levels	8.000000e-06
GCST007327_191	Smoking status (ever vs never smokers)	1.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007828	daytime rest measurement
EFO:0004318	smoking behavior

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

68 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	8
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, affects expression, affects methylation, decreases expression	6
Tretinoin	decreases expression, increases expression	4
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression	3
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	decreases expression, increases expression	3
bisphenol A	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases methylation, decreases methylation	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
Formaldehyde	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression, decreases expression	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
arsenite	increases methylation	1
sulforaphane	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
belinostat	increases expression	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_F1SQ	HyCyte PANC-1 KO-hCHST15	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.