CIAO3

Summary

CIAO3 (cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 3, HGNC:14179) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16p13.3, encoding Cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 3 (Q9H6Q4). Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur cluster into extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 99.8% of cancer cell lines).

Predicted to enable 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding activity and metal ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including intracellular oxygen homeostasis; iron-sulfur cluster assembly; and response to hypoxia. Part of cytosolic [4Fe-4S] assembly targeting complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 64428 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 8
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 116 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 99.8% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_022493

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14179
Approved symbol	CIAO3
Name	cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 3
Location	16p13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ21988, PRN, HPRN, IOP1, NAR1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000103245
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611118
Entrez	64428

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 27 — 12 protein_coding, 6 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 5 retained_intron, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000251588, ENST00000540986, ENST00000562421, ENST00000562752, ENST00000562862, ENST00000563051, ENST00000563534, ENST00000564285, ENST00000565065, ENST00000565341, ENST00000565425, ENST00000565693, ENST00000566614, ENST00000566650, ENST00000567172, ENST00000567403, ENST00000567455, ENST00000568545, ENST00000569759, ENST00000570066, ENST00000570289, ENST00000873908, ENST00000873909, ENST00000873910, ENST00000938080, ENST00000938081, ENST00000946067

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_022493 NM_001304799, NM_022493

CCDS: CCDS10425, CCDS76798

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000251588 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001804243	729765	730655
ENSE00003479322	734229	734347
ENSE00003483053	739643	739738
ENSE00003484486	730843	731000
ENSE00003543550	732301	732373
ENSE00003569553	731565	731702
ENSE00003611661	734737	734871
ENSE00003632127	740920	740997
ENSE00003667404	737186	737329
ENSE00003671916	733298	733427
ENSE00003756943	736266	736398

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 195 present calls, max score 93.76.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.3209 / max 100.7958, expressed in 1802 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
155784	13.3480	1798
155782	0.3810	199
155783	0.3712	167
155780	0.1913	56
155781	0.0294	15

Top tissues by expression

258 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	93.76	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	93.27	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	92.65	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	92.50	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	91.79	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	91.68	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	91.26	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	91.26	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	91.08	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	91.05	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	89.88	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	89.81	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	89.78	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	89.68	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	89.55	silver quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	89.39	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	89.32	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	89.18	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	89.03	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	88.86	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	88.80	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	88.80	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	88.69	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	88.67	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	88.67	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	88.60	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	88.55	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	88.39	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	88.21	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	88.03	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	3.29
E-GEOD-110499	no	59.43

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting CIAO3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6870-5P	99.99	68.55	2115
HSA-MIR-507	99.97	70.11	1915
HSA-MIR-4779	99.86	66.50	1583
HSA-MIR-1275	99.47	67.90	2749
HSA-MIR-532-3P	99.34	65.76	1195
HSA-MIR-6071	99.16	67.77	1780
HSA-MIR-939-3P	98.97	65.07	2347
HSA-MIR-4260	98.78	65.37	848
HSA-MIR-6801-3P	98.04	64.64	805
HSA-MIR-6810-3P	97.96	64.57	1023
HSA-MIR-4660	97.79	67.44	1328
HSA-MIR-1224-3P	97.24	65.92	851

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 99.8% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• IOP1 is involved in mammalian cytosolic Fe-S protein maturation. (PMID:18270200)
• human IscA1 plays an important role in both mitochondrial and cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and a notable component of the latter is the interaction between IscA1 and IOP1. (PMID:19864422)
• MMS19 interacts with target proteins. MIP18 has a role to bridge MMS19 and CIAO1. CIAO1 also binds IOP1. (PMID:23585563)
• we concluded that the Ser161Ile mutant induced NARFL deficiency and eventually diffuse PAVMs probably through VEGF pathway. In a word, we detected a functional mutation in NARFL, which might be the pathogenic gene in this pedigree. (PMID:27835862)
• CIAO3 protein forms a stable ternary complex with two key players of the human cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery. (PMID:32222833)
• NARFL deficiency caused mitochondrial dysfunction in lung cancer cells by HIF-1alpha-DNMT1 axis. (PMID:37821486)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	narfl	ENSDARG00000062216
mus_musculus	Ciao3	ENSMUSG00000002280
rattus_norvegicus	Ciao3	ENSRNOG00000019522

Paralogs (2): NDUFS1 (ENSG00000023228), NARF (ENSG00000141562)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 3 — Q9H6Q4 (reviewed: Q9H6Q4)

Alternative names: Cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly factor NARFL, Iron-only hydrogenase-like protein 1, Nuclear prelamin A recognition factor-like protein, Protein related to Narf

All UniProt accessions (8): Q9H6Q4, B4DEE7, H3BPX8, H3BQ03, H3BSH2, H3BSJ7, H3BUF3, I3L2A3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur cluster into extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins. Seems to negatively regulate the level of HIF1A expression, although this effect could be indirect.

Subunit / interactions. External component of the CIA complex. In the CIA complex, interacts directly with CIAO1 and MMS19.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed.

Similarity. Belongs to the NARF family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9H6Q4-1	1	yes
Q9H6Q4-2	2
Q9H6Q4-3	3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001291728, NP_071938* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003149	Fe_hydrogenase_ssu	Domain
IPR004108	Fe_hydrogenase_lsu_C	Domain
IPR009016	Fe_hydrogenase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050340	Cytosolic_Fe-S_CAF	Family

Pfam: PF02256, PF02906

UniProt features (16 total): binding site 8, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H6Q4-F1	86.63	0.72

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (8): 24; 71; 74; 77; 190; 246; 395; 399

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2564830	Cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly

MSigDB gene sets: 74 (showing top): VERHAAK_AML_WITH_NPM1_MUTATED_DN, GOBP_HEMATOPOIETIC_PROGENITOR_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_LEVELS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ABIOTIC_STIMULUS, GOBP_HOMEOSTATIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CHEMICAL_HOMEOSTASIS, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_16P13_AMPLICON, GOMF_METAL_CLUSTER_BINDING, GOMF_4_IRON_4_SULFUR_CLUSTER_BINDING, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_OXYGEN_HOMEOSTASIS, GOCC_CYTOSOLIC_4FE_4S_ASSEMBLY_TARGETING_COMPLEX, VALK_AML_CLUSTER_13, REACTOME_CYTOSOLIC_IRON_SULFUR_CLUSTER_ASSEMBLY, GSE5503_MLN_DC_VS_SPLEEN_DC_ACTIVATED_ALLOGENIC_TCELL_DN, DACH1_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (5): response to hypoxia (GO:0001666), hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation (GO:0002244), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), iron-sulfur cluster assembly (GO:0016226), intracellular oxygen homeostasis (GO:0032364)

GO Molecular Function (4): metal ion binding (GO:0046872), 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding (GO:0051539), protein binding (GO:0005515), iron-sulfur cluster binding (GO:0051536)

GO Cellular Component (1): cytosolic [4Fe-4S] assembly targeting complex (GO:0097361)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
response to stress	1
response to decreased oxygen levels	1
hemopoiesis	1
cell differentiation	1
gene expression	1
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
metallo-sulfur cluster assembly	1
intracellular chemical homeostasis	1
cation binding	1
iron-sulfur cluster binding	1
binding	1
metal cluster binding	1
intracellular protein-containing complex	1
iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

890 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CIAO3	MMS19	Q96T76	975
CIAO3	CIAO1	O76071	971
CIAO3	NUBP1	P53384	906
CIAO3	CIAPIN1	Q6FI81	889
CIAO3	CIAO2B	Q9Y3D0	878
CIAO3	ISCA1	Q9BUE6	793
CIAO3	LYRM4	Q9HD34	745
CIAO3	NFS1	Q9Y697	742
CIAO3	ISCU	Q9H1K1	713
CIAO3	ABCB7	O75027	709
CIAO3	NDOR1	Q9UHB4	709
CIAO3	NUBP2	Q9Y5Y2	709
CIAO3	CIAO2A	Q9H5X1	702
CIAO3	EGLN1	Q9GZT9	687
CIAO3	ABCE1	P61221	665

IntAct

31 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CIAO2A	CIAO1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.950
CIAO2B	CIAO1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.950
CIAO2A	CIAO1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.950
MMS19	CIAO1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.910
TULP3	GGPS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
	CIAO3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.560
CIAO3	INPPL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZBTB39	FOXK2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DTX3	ITSN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MMS19	CIAO3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.520
NAA10	OFD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.480
CIAO1	CIAO3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
MYH9	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RGS20	PGP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DTX3	NDUFS6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZBTB39	FOXK1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NUBP2	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CCNO	FOXN3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NAA11	DVL2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CIAO2A		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NUBP2	TK2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DTX3	RAD50	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CIAO2A	MAP2K7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CIAO3	NUBP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FAXC	HAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DSCR9	CIAO3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (64): NARFL (Affinity Capture-RNA), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-Western), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), ARNT (Affinity Capture-MS), WDFY1 (Affinity Capture-MS), INPPL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-Western), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-MS), NARFL (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2RRV9, A4FV58, A4QN59, A7SDA8, A8PGQ3, A8WH18, A8XZU0, B0WU52, B3N018, B3NKH7, B4GXC8, B4IMH3, B4ISL0, B4JBE6, B4KFU7, B4LQR5, B4MUM8, B4NSS7, B5DK31, B6K2N0, O43837, O77784, P29696, P37223, P41565, P51553, P70404, Q16ML2, Q28479, Q2YDU6, Q58CP0, Q5BK18, Q5RBT4, Q5RF36, Q68FX0, Q6CFR3, Q6DE00, Q6DHP6, Q6GP25, Q6ING7

Diamond homologs: A1CIC2, A1CWD8, A2Q9A9, A2RRV9, A3LYR2, A4FV58, A5DKC0, A5DSI2, A6RR15, A6ZRK3, A7E7C4, A7SDA8, A7TQP0, A8PGQ3, A8WH18, A8XZU0, B0WU52, B0Y4F9, B3N018, B3NKH7, B4GXC8, B4IMH3, B4ISL0, B4JBE6, B4KFU7, B4LQR5, B4MUM8, B4NSS7, B5DK31, B6HUC4, B6K2N0, B6QQH9, B8N122, B9W8S4, P0CP10, P0CP11, P23503, P53998, Q0CR17, Q0UM75

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
CIAO3	“form complex”	“CIAO2B cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly complex”	binding
CIAO3	“form complex”	“CIAO1-CIAO2A-CIAO3 cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly complex”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 32 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly	5	173.0×	7e-09

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
protein maturation	5	27.3×	2e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

116 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	85
Likely benign	11
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2394 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:730656:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:730656:CTAT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:730657:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:730802:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:730863:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:730886:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:731001:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:731001:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:731002:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:731561:TGA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:731563:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:731564:C:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:732295:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732296:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732296:CGTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732297:GTACA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:732298:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:732299:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732299:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:732299:ACAGG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732300:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732300:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732300:CAGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732300:CAGGC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:732371:CTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:732372:TCCTG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:732374:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:732374:C:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:733292:CCGCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:733293:CGCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3098 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:734345:A:G	W193R	0.995
16:734345:A:T	W193R	0.995
16:733375:T:A	K249I	0.994
16:733383:G:C	C246W	0.994
16:733384:C:T	C246Y	0.994
16:733385:A:G	C246R	0.994
16:730925:G:C	F370L	0.993
16:730925:G:T	F370L	0.993
16:730927:A:G	F370L	0.993
16:734332:G:T	A197D	0.993
16:734743:A:G	C190R	0.993
16:730852:A:G	C395R	0.992
16:733357:C:G	R255T	0.992
16:734328:C:A	E198D	0.992
16:734328:C:G	E198D	0.992
16:737279:G:C	C71W	0.992
16:733374:T:A	K249N	0.991
16:733374:T:G	K249N	0.991
16:737281:A:G	C71R	0.991
16:730850:G:C	C395W	0.990
16:730926:A:G	F370S	0.990
16:733364:C:G	A253P	0.990
16:734741:G:C	C190W	0.990
16:734742:C:T	C190Y	0.990
16:737280:C:G	C71S	0.990
16:737281:A:T	C71S	0.990
16:730851:C:T	C395Y	0.989
16:734264:C:G	G220R	0.988
16:734333:C:G	A197P	0.988
16:737262:C:G	C77S	0.988

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000006549 (16:738058 C>T), RS1000147633 (16:738283 TGGTTCA>T), RS1000322096 (16:734248 T>C), RS1000398460 (16:730102 G>A), RS1000441451 (16:738219 A>G), RS1000769425 (16:729928 C>A,G,T), RS1000982054 (16:729804 G>A), RS1001010041 (16:729924 AC>A,ACC,ACCC,ACCCC), RS1001520964 (16:737800 G>A,T), RS1001553578 (16:737980 C>A,T), RS1001644485 (16:731438 TCCAAAC>T), RS1001820836 (16:729673 G>A,C), RS1002381940 (16:741581 T>C), RS1002418827 (16:739298 C>G), RS1002492694 (16:739530 C>A,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611118 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
pulmonary arteriovenous malformation	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): (MONDO:0009930)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

8 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000817_82	Height	1.000000e-13
GCST002702_92	Height	6.000000e-08
GCST008163_25	Height	4.000000e-06
GCST008839_40	Height	1.000000e-07
GCST012226_378	Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index	7.000000e-15
GCST012227_358	Hip circumference adjusted for BMI	8.000000e-21
GCST90000025_245	Appendicular lean mass	3.000000e-40
GCST90020028_1482	Hip circumference adjusted for BMI	3.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference
EFO:0008039	BMI-adjusted hip circumference
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C562404	Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases methylation, increases expression	2
sodium arsenite	affects expression, decreases expression	2
alpha-pinene	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	1
methacrylaldehyde	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
pyrimidifen	decreases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ozone	increases oxidation, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
Rotenone	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases methylation	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1
Volatile Organic Compounds	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.