CILK1

gene
On this page

Also known as MRKLCK2KIAA0936MGC46090

Summary

CILK1 (ciliogenesis associated kinase 1, HGNC:21219) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p12.1, encoding Serine/threonine-protein kinase ICK (Q9UPZ9). Required for ciliogenesis.

Eukaryotic protein kinases are enzymes that belong to a very extensive family of proteins which share a conserved catalytic core common with both serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. This gene encodes an intestinal serine/threonine kinase harboring a dual phosphorylation site found in mitogen-activating protein (MAP) kinases. The protein localizes to the intestinal crypt region and is thought to be important in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, encoding the same isoform, have been identified.

Source: NCBI Gene 22858 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia syndrome (Strong, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 289 total — 6 pathogenic, 3 likely-pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 153
  • Druggable target: yes — 24 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_014920

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:21219
Approved symbolCILK1
Nameciliogenesis associated kinase 1
Location6p12.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMRK, LCK2, KIAA0936, MGC46090
Ensembl geneENSG00000112144
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM612325
Entrez22858

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000350082, ENST00000356971, ENST00000676107

RefSeq mRNA: 8 — MANE Select: NM_014920 NM_001375397, NM_001375398, NM_001375399, NM_001375400, NM_001375401, NM_001375402, NM_014920, NM_016513

CCDS: CCDS4949, CCDS93933

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000676107 — 14 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000007564745300631553006437
ENSE000007564755300943953009567
ENSE000007564775301176953011917
ENSE000007564825301366253013982
ENSE000007564865301833053018501
ENSE000007564925303106553031144
ENSE000010156265304113653041408
ENSE000012116855303793953037993
ENSE000013176885301608353016250
ENSE000013844465301203753012227
ENSE000019870395301922753019359
ENSE000019892115303253353032654
ENSE000039004085300130353005303
ENSE000039040735306159653061824

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 268 present calls, max score 90.93.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 12.3682 / max 111.9818, expressed in 1743 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
7398711.50641737
739850.4706258
739860.3912210

Top tissues by expression

283 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830390.93gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181289.41gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534388.99gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123487.21gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582586.87gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582786.47gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236986.45gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123386.04gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123585.76gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402385.25gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538684.49gold quality
nasal cavity mucosaUBERON:000182683.75gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105282.64gold quality
placentaUBERON:000198782.37gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370181.63gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646981.10gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195181.06gold quality
upper leg skinUBERON:000426280.62gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503080.10gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580580.02gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305379.83gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004379.69gold quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894979.68gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225079.44gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761079.44gold quality
amniotic fluidUBERON:000017379.23gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224079.15gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119979.14gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583378.98gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347378.97gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes6.24
E-GEOD-100618no742.84

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

203 targeting CILK1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-3613-3P100.0076.367965
HSA-LET-7A-3P100.0074.033932
HSA-LET-7B-3P100.0074.083913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P100.0074.023928
HSA-MIR-98-3P100.0074.083907
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-5692B100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-5692C100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-3646100.0073.565283
HSA-MIR-656-3P100.0072.152788
HSA-MIR-30A-5P100.0076.313233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P100.0076.293248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P100.0076.293248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P100.0076.323233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P100.0076.323242
HSA-MIR-366299.9973.825684
HSA-MIR-371B-5P99.9975.344759
HSA-MIR-186-5P99.9970.833707
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-607799.9968.042299
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-373-5P99.9875.364753
HSA-MIR-616-5P99.9875.584775
HSA-MIR-1213699.9872.815713

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 20)

  • ICK is the prototype for a new group of MAPK-like kinases requiring dual phosphorylation at TDY motifs. (PMID:15988018)
  • PP5 (protein phosphatase 5)and CCRK (cell cycle-related kinase) are yin-yang regulators of T157 phosphorylation. ICK interacts with and phosphorylates human Scythe, an essential regulator of proliferation and apoptosis during mammalian development. (PMID:16954377)
  • ICK may play a role in the development of multiple organ systems. R272Q has been associated with endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia and may explain loss of function since the R272Q mutant fails to localize at the nucleus and has diminished kinase activity (PMID:19185282)
  • Findings demonstrate an important role for ICK in proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. (PMID:19696144)
  • ICK plays an important role in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. ICK may control G1 cell cycle progression by regulating expression of cell cycle regulators cyclin D1, c-Myc and p21Cip1. (PMID:19696144)
  • ICK and FBX9 are divergently transcribed from a bidirectional promoter that is GC-rich and contains a CpG island. (PMID:20459822)
  • an important role for ICK in modulating the activity of mTORC1 through phosphorylation of Raptor Thr-908. (PMID:22356909)
  • High ICK expression is associated with prostate cancer. (PMID:22761715)
  • In glioblastoma cells with deregulated high levels of CCRK, its depletion restores cilia through ICK and an ICK-related kinase MAK, thereby inhibiting glioblastoma cell proliferation. (PMID:23743448)
  • the expressions of ICK/MAK/MOK proteins in the intestinal tract can be differentially and dynamically regulated, implicating a significant functional diversity within this group of protein kinases. (PMID:24244486)
  • findings suggest that increased ICK expression/activity in response to protein deprivation likely provides a novel protective mechanism to limit apoptosis and support compensatory mucosal growth under nutritional stress. (PMID:25184386)
  • These data identify ICK as an short rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS)-associated gene and reveal that abnormalities in signalling pathways contribute to defective skeletogenesis (PMID:27466187)
  • Our data provide evidence that heterozygous variants in ICK caused juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in 7% of the patients included in our analysis. Variant ICK affects cell processes that help explain microdysgenesis and polyspike networks observed on EEG in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. (PMID:29539279)
  • Study demonstrates that human ICK (intestinal cell kinase) that authors herein call CAPK (ciliopathy-associated protein kinase) interacts with human KIF3A and phosphorylates a conserved site Thr672 both in vitro and in vivo. Long, unstructured, non-catalytic carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of CAPK is required for this interaction with and phosphorylation of KIF3A. (PMID:31277411)
  • Previously known as intestinal cell kinase because it was cloned from that origin, CILK1 is now recognized as a widely expressed and highly conserved. Mutations in the human CILK1 gene have been associated with ciliopathies. Thus, CILK1 has a fundamental role in the function of the cilium. Several candidate substrates have been proposed for CILK1. [review] (PMID:31506943)
  • Functional Alterations in Ciliogenesis-Associated Kinase 1 (CILK1) that Result from Mutations Linked to Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. (PMID:32178256)
  • Anterograde trafficking of ciliary MAP kinase-like ICK/CILK1 by the intraflagellar transport machinery is required for intraciliary retrograde protein trafficking. (PMID:32732286)
  • BROMI/TBC1D32 together with CCRK/CDK20 and FAM149B1/JBTS36 contributes to intraflagellar transport turnaround involving ICK/CILK1. (PMID:35609210)
  • The Scaffold Protein KATNIP Enhances CILK1 Control of Primary Cilia. (PMID:37665596)
  • Ciliogenesis-associated Kinase 1 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Chemoresistance via Phosphorylating ERK1. (PMID:38725848)

Cross-species orthologs

13 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusCilk1ENSMUSG00000009828
rattus_norvegicusCilk1ENSRNOG00000008691
drosophila_melanogasternmoFBGN0011817
drosophila_melanogasterCG8565FBGN0030697
drosophila_melanogasterSRPKFBGN0286813
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00002187
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00002188
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00003048
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00004055
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00004056
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00004980
caenorhabditis_elegansgskl-2WBGENE00007977
caenorhabditis_elegansY106G6E.1WBGENE00013705

Paralogs (19): MAPK9 (ENSG00000050748), MAPK6 (ENSG00000069956), MOK (ENSG00000080823), NLK (ENSG00000087095), SRPK1 (ENSG00000096063), MAPK1 (ENSG00000100030), MAPK3 (ENSG00000102882), MAPK8 (ENSG00000107643), MAPK10 (ENSG00000109339), MAK (ENSG00000111837), MAPK14 (ENSG00000112062), SRPK2 (ENSG00000135250), MAPK4 (ENSG00000141639), MAPK13 (ENSG00000156711), MAPK7 (ENSG00000166484), MAPK15 (ENSG00000181085), SRPK3 (ENSG00000184343), MAPK11 (ENSG00000185386), MAPK12 (ENSG00000188130)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ICKQ9UPZ9 (reviewed: Q9UPZ9)

Alternative names: Ciliogenesis associated kinase 1, Intestinal cell kinase, Laryngeal cancer kinase 2, MAK-related kinase

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9UPZ9, A0A7I2PIU1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Required for ciliogenesis. Phosphorylates KIF3A. Involved in the control of ciliary length. Regulates the ciliary localization of SHH pathway components as well as the localization of IFT components at ciliary tips. May play a key role in the development of multiple organ systems and particularly in cardiac development. Regulates intraflagellar transport (IFT) speed and negatively regulates cilium length in a cAMP and mTORC1 signaling-dependent manner and this regulation requires its kinase activity.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytosol. Cell projection. Cilium. Cytoskeleton. Cilium basal body Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, pancreas, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine and colon, with highest levels in placenta and testis. Not detected in spleen. Also expressed in many cancer cell lines.

Post-translational modifications. Autophosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation at Thr-157 increases kinase activity.

Disease relevance. Endocrine-cerebroosteodysplasia (ECO) [MIM:612651] Previously unidentified neonatal lethal recessive disorder with multiple anomalies involving the endocrine, cerebral, and skeletal systems. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 10 (EJM10) [MIM:617924] A form of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, a subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy generally characterized by afebrile seizures with onset in adolescence (rather than in childhood) and myoclonic jerks, which usually occur after awakening and are triggered by sleep deprivation and fatigue. EJM10 is an autosomal dominant seizure disorder with variable manifestations, even within families. Affected individuals have febrile, myoclonic, tonic-clonic, or absence seizures, although several seizure types can occur in the same individual. Some patients have onset of seizures in the first years of life. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Cranioectodermal dysplasia 6 (CED6) [MIM:621337] A form of cranioectodermal dysplasia, a disorder primarily characterized by craniofacial, skeletal and ectodermal abnormalities. CED6 is an autosomal recessive form characterized by dolichocephaly, relative macrocephaly due to external hydrocephalus, dysmorphic facial features, growth retardation, skeletal anomalies, joint laxity, sparse hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, and dental abnormalities. Renal and hepatic abnormalities have also been observed. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9UPZ9-11yes
Q9UPZ9-22

RefSeq proteins (8): NP_001362326, NP_001362327, NP_001362328, NP_001362329, NP_001362330, NP_001362331, NP_055735, NP_057597 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000719Prot_kinase_domDomain
IPR008271Ser/Thr_kinase_ASActive_site
IPR011009Kinase-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR017441Protein_kinase_ATP_BSBinding_site
IPR050117MAPKFamily

Pfam: PF00069

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

  • L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:17989)
  • L-threonyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:46608)

UniProt features (39 total): sequence variant 12, mutagenesis site 6, sequence conflict 5, modified residue 3, region of interest 3, compositionally biased region 3, binding site 2, splice variant 2, chain 1, domain 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9UPZ9-F161.470.33

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 125 (proton acceptor)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (2): 33; 10–18

Post-translational modifications (3): 157, 159, 161

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (6):

PositionPhenotype
33loss of activity and autophosphorylation; when associated with r-34; r-36 and r-38.
34loss of activity and autophosphorylation; when associated with r-33; r-36 and r-38.
36loss of activity and autophosphorylation; when associated with r-33; r-34 and r-38.
38loss of activity and autophosphorylation; when associated with r-33; r-34 and r-36.
157reduction of activity and loss of autophosphorylation. loss of activity and autophosphorylation; when associated with f-
159reduction of activity and loss of autophosphorylation. loss of activity and autophosphorylation; when associated with a-

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 397 (showing top): AP1_01, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_DN, TATTATA_MIR374, GOCC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZING_CENTER, FOXD3_01, chr6p12, GOBP_CILIUM_ORGANIZATION, BACH2_01, FOXJ2_01, HFH4_01, HFH3_01, GOBP_ORGANELLE_ASSEMBLY, ONDER_CDH1_TARGETS_2_UP, HFH1_01

GO Biological Process (8): protein phosphorylation (GO:0006468), signal transduction (GO:0007165), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), intraciliary anterograde transport (GO:0035720), intraciliary retrograde transport (GO:0035721), intraciliary transport (GO:0042073), cilium assembly (GO:0060271), cell projection organization (GO:0030030)

GO Molecular Function (10): magnesium ion binding (GO:0000287), protein kinase activity (GO:0004672), protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0004674), ATP binding (GO:0005524), protein serine kinase activity (GO:0106310), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), kinase activity (GO:0016301), transferase activity (GO:0016740), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (9): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), cilium (GO:0005929), ciliary basal body (GO:0036064), ciliary tip (GO:0097542), ciliary base (GO:0097546), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure5
cilium4
intracellular anatomical structure2
intraciliary transport2
cilium organization2
protein kinase activity2
phosphorylation1
protein modification process1
cell communication1
cellular process1
signaling1
regulation of cellular process1
cellular response to stimulus1
signal transduction1
transport along microtubule1
axoneme assembly1
intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly1
protein localization to cilium1
organelle assembly1
trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment transport1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly1
ciliary transition zone assembly1
cellular component organization1
metal ion binding1
kinase activity1
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
binding1
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups1
catalytic activity1
cation binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
cytoplasm1
intraciliary transport particle1
membrane-bounded organelle1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1165 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
CILK1CCNL2Q96S94865
CILK1GSTA1P08263714
CILK1MAGEA1P43355634
CILK1GSTA3Q16772548
CILK1GSTA5Q7RTV2511
CILK1EFHC1Q5JVL4509
CILK1GSTA4O15217499
CILK1DYNC2LI1Q8TCX1475
CILK1CDC37Q16543464
CILK1IFT88Q13099461
CILK1MBPP02686457
CILK1WDR19Q8NEZ3448
CILK1DYNC2I2Q96EX3447
CILK1CDK2P24941440
CILK1KIF3AQ9Y496440

IntAct

41 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
CDK1CCNB2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
KATNIPMAKpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
CILK1SMYD2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.660
CILK1HSP90AB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.640
CILK1FKBP5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.620
CILK1FKBP5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.620
CDK16CDK17psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.620
A4GNTPOTEFpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
FAM217BNCK2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CKS1BGMNNpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CDK1GMNNpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CILK1SPTAN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
NR0B2CILK1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
CILK1SMAD1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
KATNIPpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CILK1MAST4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
BMP7VWA8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
A4GALTVPS37Cpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
LSM14BPSMD9psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
IL1R1TNFRSF10Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ZBTB44WDR46psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FCGR3BNRP2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CDK14FGRpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TMEM45AMYH1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CENPLRPL13psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MSI2ANXA13psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CDK16BRCA1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DEPDC1SAPCD2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SLC35A1ACBD3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (111): ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS), ICK (Synthetic Growth Defect), ICK (Reconstituted Complex), ICK (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A078CGE6, A2VDZ4, A2ZMH2, A7SNN5, B0WAU8, B2GUY1, B3DL84, B3M6I4, B3NE99, B4HBU3, B4IAQ8, B4J3F1, B4KYX8, B4LDJ6, B4MXR8, B4PDM5, B4QK53, F4IRW0, F4JY37, O00444, O13839, O97143, P0CP71, P13185, P13186, P22987, Q03407, Q09690, Q0WPH8, Q16W24, Q19469, Q2LYK3, Q2QMH1, Q5B4Z3, Q5R9Z7, Q60DG4, Q621J7, Q64702, Q6PAD2, Q6T8E9

Diamond homologs: A0A509AH51, A0QNG1, A3B529, A3LUB9, A5D791, A6ZU08, A7E3S4, A8X0C4, A8XSC1, D0Z5N4, D4A7V9, E2QWQ2, O19004, P00531, P00532, P04049, P04627, P05625, P07527, P0CS76, P0CS77, P10398, P11345, P14056, P17157, P19525, P27636, P32490, P33279, P34331, P38990, P41676, P43637, P50750, P52304, P53351, P54666, Q03957, Q03963, Q04770

SIGNOR signaling

8 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
CDK20up-regulatesCILK1phosphorylation
CILK1up-regulatesCILK1phosphorylation
PPP2CAdown-regulatesCILK1dephosphorylation
CILK1up-regulatesRPTORphosphorylation
CILK1up-regulatesmTORC1phosphorylation
PPP5C“down-regulates activity”CILK1dephosphorylation
FGFR3“down-regulates activity”CILK1phosphorylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 52 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
G2/M Checkpoints519.2×2e-03
Cell Cycle Checkpoints512.7×6e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

289 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic6
Likely pathogenic3
Uncertain significance140
Likely benign90
Benign18

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (9)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
147999GRCh38/hg38 6p12.3-12.1(chr6:51093754-53859634)x4Pathogenic
2685203GRCh37/hg19 6p12.3-12.1(chr6:50181657-55538355)x1Pathogenic
3366972NM_014920.5(CILK1):c.1664_1665del (p.Tyr555fs)Pathogenic
4082157CILK1, GLU80LYSPathogenic
625143NM_014920.5(CILK1):c.358G>T (p.Gly120Cys)Pathogenic
640NM_014920.5(CILK1):c.815G>A (p.Arg272Gln)Pathogenic
4526597NM_014920.5(CILK1):c.-172-1G>ALikely pathogenic
617858NM_014920.5(CILK1):c.238G>A (p.Glu80Lys)Likely pathogenic
809947NM_014920.5(CILK1):c.814C>T (p.Arg272Ter)Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

2118 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
6:53005300:TAAC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006433:ACCAA:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006434:CCAA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006434:CCAAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006435:CAA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006435:CAAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006438:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006438:C:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
6:53006443:T:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006443:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53006446:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53011918:CTGA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
6:53011919:T:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
6:53013661:CCGA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
6:53016086:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
6:53016087:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
6:53016087:CTAG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
6:53016090:G:Cdonor_gain1.0000
6:53016247:CAGT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53016251:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53032532:CCT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
6:53032532:CCTCT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
6:53032655:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53037994:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
6:53041131:CTTA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
6:53041132:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
6:53041133:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
6:53041134:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
6:53041135:C:CTdonor_gain1.0000
6:53041135:CT:Cdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000034089 (6:53028530 C>T), RS1000044763 (6:53056742 A>G), RS1000067930 (6:53017433 G>C), RS1000081108 (6:53009841 T>G), RS1000088890 (6:53035199 T>C), RS1000132330 (6:53015435 G>A), RS1000134439 (6:53002493 A>G), RS1000208399 (6:53002801 C>T), RS1000214563 (6:53010063 C>T), RS1000249790 (6:53050294 C>T), RS1000266556 (6:53042140 A>G), RS1000338737 (6:53049560 T>C), RS1000360509 (6:53043136 T>C), RS1000486975 (6:53002949 A>C,G), RS1000523537 (6:53035683 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612325 | disease phenotypes: MIM:612651, MIM:617924, MIM:218330, MIM:621337

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia syndromeStrongAutosomal recessive
juvenile myoclonic epilepsySupportiveAutosomal dominant

Mondo (8): endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia syndrome (MONDO:0012980), epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 10 (MONDO:0060671), cranioectodermal dysplasia (MONDO:0009032), cranioectodermal dysplasia 6 (MONDO:0979883), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (MONDO:0015461), coloboma (MONDO:0001476), microphthalmia (MONDO:0021129), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (MONDO:0009696)

Orphanet (4): Endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia syndrome (Orphanet:199332), Cranioectodermal dysplasia (Orphanet:1515), Short rib-polydactyly syndrome (Orphanet:1505), OBSOLETE: Ocular coloboma (Orphanet:194)

HPO phenotypes

153 total (30 of 153 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000006Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000028Cryptorchidism
HP:0000046Small scrotum
HP:0000047Hypospadias
HP:0000062Ambiguous genitalia
HP:0000103Polyuria
HP:0000105Enlarged kidney
HP:0000107Renal cyst
HP:0000153Abnormality of the mouth
HP:0000161Median cleft upper lip
HP:0000215Thick upper lip vermilion
HP:0000238Hydrocephalus
HP:0000252Microcephaly
HP:0000260Wide anterior fontanel
HP:0000268Dolichocephaly
HP:0000293Full cheeks
HP:0000316Hypertelorism
HP:0000347Micrognathia
HP:0000348High forehead
HP:0000369Low-set ears
HP:0000431Wide nasal bridge
HP:0000437Depressed nasal tip
HP:0000490Deeply set eye
HP:0000496Abnormality of eye movement
HP:0000506Telecanthus
HP:0000545Myopia
HP:0000556Retinal dystrophy
HP:0000601Hypotelorism
HP:0000639Nystagmus

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003181_5Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage (intermittent)9.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007758intermittent Staphylococcus aureus carrier status

MeSH disease descriptors (5)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D003103ColobomaC11.250.110; C11.270.147; C16.131.384.282
D008850MicrophthalmosC11.250.566; C16.131.384.666
D020190Myoclonic Epilepsy, JuvenileC10.228.140.490.375.130.670; C10.228.140.490.493.063.670
D012779Short Rib-Polydactyly SyndromeC05.116.099.708.857; C05.660.585.600.750; C16.131.077.850; C16.131.621.585.600.750
C567210Endocrine-Cerebroosteodysplasia (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL1163126 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

24 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 158,105 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL1078178MOMELOTINIB43,481
CHEMBL1287853FEDRATINIB43,554
CHEMBL2035187PACRITINIB43,345
CHEMBL3301610ABEMACICLIB47,045
CHEMBL502835NINTEDANIB48,545
CHEMBL535SUNITINIB479,020
CHEMBL608533MIDOSTAURIN47,259
CHEMBL2103840DINACICLIB32,257
CHEMBL300138ENZASTAURIN33,209
CHEMBL428690ALVOCIDIB327,781
CHEMBL603469LESTAURTINIB3
CHEMBL91829RUBOXISTAURIN377
CHEMBL1230165SILMITASERTIB2593
CHEMBL1721885SU-0148132363
CHEMBL384304RG-547293
CHEMBL445813AT-751922,614
CHEMBL521851PICTILISIB26,071
CHEMBL564829MILCICLIB2821
CHEMBL565612SOTRASTAURIN21,355
CHEMBL1908397KW-24491622
CHEMBL296468BMS-3870321
CHEMBL3128043PF-037583091
CHEMBL3545083RGB-2866381
CHEMBL574738AST-4871

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — RCK family

ChEMBL bioactivities

43 potent at pChembl≥5 of 43 total, top 41 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
9.16Kd0.69nMALVOCIDIB
8.66Kd2.2nMRG-547
8.10Kd8nMRGB-286638
8.08Kd8.3nMAT-7519
7.80Kd16nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.70Kd19.79nMCHEMBL5653589
7.54ED5029.2nMCHEMBL5653589
7.53Kd29.32nMCHEMBL3752910
7.41IC5038.6nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.41Kd39nMLESTAURTINIB
7.39IC5041.06nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.36ED5043.26nMCHEMBL3752910
7.34IC5045.4nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.28Kd53nMABEMACICLIB
7.27IC5053.3nMSTAUROSPORINE
6.82Kd150nMBMS-387032
6.62Kd237nMPF-03758309
6.62Kd240nMRUBOXISTAURIN
6.57Kd270nMPACRITINIB
6.57Kd271nMDINACICLIB
6.40Kd400nMPHA-665752
6.33Kd470nMSUNITINIB
6.26Kd550nMCHEMBL379218
6.17Kd680nMENZASTAURIN
6.14Kd720nMMOMELOTINIB
6.06Kd863nMMILCICLIB
6.05Kd892nMCHEMBL3991935
6.05Kd884nMSILMITASERTIB
6.00IC501000nMTP-030-1
6.00IC501000nMTP-030-2
6.00IC501000nMTP-030n
5.92Kd1200nMSU-014813
5.77Kd1700nMNINTEDANIB
5.72Kd1900nMFEDRATINIB
5.66Kd2200nMKW-2449
5.62IC502390nMCHEMBL4455382
5.60Kd2500nMAST-487
5.40Kd4000nMTAE-684
5.23Kd5900nMMIDOSTAURIN
5.17Kd6689nMSOTRASTAURIN
5.03Kd9300nMPICTILISIB

PubChem BioAssay actives

37 with measured affinity, of 391 total; 31 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl]chromen-4-one625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.0007uM
[4-amino-2-[(1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl]-(2,3-difluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)methanone625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.0022uM
1-[3-[4-[[4-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenyl]-4-oxo-1H-indeno[2,1-d]pyrazol-5-yl]-3-morpholin-4-ylurea1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.0080uM
4-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-N-piperidin-4-yl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.0083uM
(2S,3R,4R,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.0160uM
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide2148567: Binding affinity to human ICK incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assaykd0.0198uM
4-methyl-3-[(1-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide2148567: Binding affinity to human ICK incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assaykd0.0293uM
(15S,16S,18R)-16-hydroxy-16-(hydroxymethyl)-15-methyl-28-oxa-4,14,19-triazaoctacyclo[12.11.2.115,18.02,6.07,27.08,13.019,26.020,25]octacosa-1,6,8,10,12,20,22,24,26-nonaen-3-one507975: Binding affinity to ICKkd0.0390uM
Abemaciclib1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.0530uM
N-[5-[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidine-4-carboxamide625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.1500uM
N-[(1S)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylethyl]-6,6-dimethyl-3-[(2-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrazole-5-carboxamide1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.2370uM
(18S)-18-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-17-oxa-4,14,21-triazahexacyclo[19.6.1.17,14.02,6.08,13.022,27]nonacosa-1(28),2(6),7(29),8,10,12,22,24,26-nonaene-3,5-dione625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.2400uM
Pacritinib1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.2700uM
2-[(2S)-1-[3-ethyl-7-[(1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methylamino]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-2-yl]ethanol1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.2710uM
(3Z)-5-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylsulfonyl]-3-[[3,5-dimethyl-4-[(2R)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.4000uM
Sunitinib507975: Binding affinity to ICKkd0.4700uM
(2S)-1-[[5-(3-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]oxy]-3-phenylpropan-2-amine625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.5500uM
3-(1-methylindol-3-yl)-4-[1-[1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]indol-3-yl]pyrrole-2,5-dione625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd0.6800uM
Momelotinib1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.7200uM
N,1,4,4-tetramethyl-8-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)anilino]-5H-pyrazolo[4,5-h]quinazoline-3-carboxamide1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.8630uM
5-(3-chloroanilino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylic acid1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.8840uM
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]chromen-4-one;hydrochloride1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd0.8920uM
5-[(Z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd1.2000uM
methyl 2-hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylate625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd1.7000uM
Fedratinib625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd1.9000uM
[4-[(E)-2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-piperazin-1-ylmethanone625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd2.2000uM
1-[4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-[6-(methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]oxyphenyl]urea625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd2.5000uM
5-chloro-2-N-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl]-4-N-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd4.0000uM
Midostaurin625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd5.9000uM
3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-yl]pyrrole-2,5-dione1425021: Kinobeads (epsilon), multiple immobilized ATP-competitive broad spectrum kinase inhibitors, used to assess residual binding of ~300 proteins simultaneously from cell lysate in the presence of a compound. Quantitative readout performed by mass spectrometry.kd6.6890uM
4-[2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-[(4-methylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]morpholine625090: Binding constant for ICK kinase domainkd9.3000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

30 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Acetaminophendecreases expression2
Cisplatindecreases expression, increases expression2
Silicon Dioxidedecreases expression2
GSK-J4increases expression1
FR900359increases phosphorylation1
sodium arseniteaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
cobaltous chlorideincreases expression1
manganese chlorideincreases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
perfluorooctane sulfonic aciddecreases expression1
jinfukangdecreases expression1
Bortezomibincreases expression1
Temozolomideincreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxideincreases expression1
Arsenicincreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance1
Atrazinedecreases expression1
Vehicle Emissionsincreases abundance, increases expression1
Cadmiumincreases abundance, decreases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Ethyl Methanesulfonateincreases expression1
Formaldehydeincreases expression1
Manganeseincreases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
Methyl Methanesulfonateincreases expression1
Methylcholanthreneaffects binding, increases reaction1
Valproic Aciddecreases methylation1
Metriboloneincreases expression1
Cyclosporinedecreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation1
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance1
Lactic Aciddecreases expression1
Particulate Matterincreases abundance, increases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

119 unique, capped per target: 119 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL1166021BindingInhibition of ICK at 1 uMSynthesis and structure-activity relationships of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines as potent and selective inhibitors of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase. — Bioorg Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_SR95HAP1 ICK (-)Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

12 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT06153186PHASE2TERMINATEDFlunarizine for Treatment Resistant Absence Epilepsy
NCT03400371Not specifiedRECRUITINGBiology of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
NCT04032756Not specifiedTERMINATEDTofacitinib Registry of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Germany
NCT04184531Not specifiedUNKNOWNSensenbrenner Clinical Study
NCT06626282Not specifiedRECRUITINGFertility and Ovarian Reserve in Female Childhood Cancer Survivors
NCT00368004Not specifiedTERMINATEDFamily Studies of Uveal Coloboma
NCT01778543Not specifiedRECRUITINGPathogenesis and Genetics of Microphthalmia, Anophthalmia and Uveal Coloboma (MAC)
NCT04833361Not specifiedCOMPLETEDPotential Environmental Causes of Uveal Coloboma
NCT06293560Not specifiedRECRUITINGMicrophthalmia, Anophthalmia, and Coloboma Genetic Epidemiology in Children
NCT03748732Not specifiedUNKNOWNExtensive Circumferential Partial Thickness Sclerectomy in Nanophthalmic Eyes
NCT04759560Not specifiedUNKNOWNBiometric Characteristics of the Eye With Microcornea/Microphthalmia and Congenital Cataract Before And After Cataract Extraction
NCT05954403Not specifiedRECRUITINGNational Cohort on Congenital Defects of the Eye