CNTNAP3

Summary

CNTNAP3 (contactin associated protein family member 3, HGNC:13834) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9p12, encoding Contactin-associated protein-like 3 (Q9BZ76).

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NCP family of cell-recognition molecules. This family represents a distinct subgroup of the neurexins. NCP proteins mediate neuron-glial interactions in vertebrates and glial-glial contact in invertebrates. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in cell recognition within the nervous system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological nature has not been determined.

Source: NCBI Gene 79937 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 230 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 2
• MANE Select transcript: NM_033655

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:13834
Approved symbol	CNTNAP3
Name	contactin associated protein family member 3
Location	9p12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CASPR3, KIAA1714, FLJ14195, CNTNAP3A
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000106714
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610517
Entrez	79937

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 24 — 16 protein_coding, 7 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000297668, ENST00000358144, ENST00000377653, ENST00000377656, ENST00000377659, ENST00000443583, ENST00000448573, ENST00000469061, ENST00000477002, ENST00000483502, ENST00000493965, ENST00000495573, ENST00000865307, ENST00000865308, ENST00000865309, ENST00000865310, ENST00000865311, ENST00000865312, ENST00000924961, ENST00000924962, ENST00000941983, ENST00000941984, ENST00000941985, ENST00000941986

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_033655 NM_001393379, NM_033655

CCDS: CCDS6616, CCDS94411

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000297668 — 24 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001685062	39078690	39078920
ENSE00001690569	39132932	39133135
ENSE00001693244	39144240	39144346
ENSE00001695318	39099911	39100150
ENSE00001699541	39149806	39149977
ENSE00001702870	39088423	39088647
ENSE00001750242	39165933	39166076
ENSE00001782297	39103744	39103914
ENSE00001799024	39140519	39140638
ENSE00001805167	39171369	39171630
ENSE00001805422	39078385	39078456
ENSE00001940184	39287980	39288167
ENSE00003462902	39177318	39177502
ENSE00003463526	39193128	39193275
ENSE00003469096	39102497	39102715
ENSE00003502992	39238993	39239186
ENSE00003517650	39266896	39267006
ENSE00003533953	39175949	39176092
ENSE00003576145	39118103	39118259
ENSE00003586872	39109160	39109287
ENSE00003604697	39086716	39086849
ENSE00003641484	39178157	39178360
ENSE00003679872	39085736	39085823
ENSE00003931083	39064710	39074011

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 87.18.

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.18	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	86.00	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	85.81	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	85.77	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	84.35	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	83.32	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	82.01	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	80.78	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	79.74	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	78.84	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	78.14	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	77.88	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	77.02	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	76.93	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	76.09	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	75.64	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	75.51	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	75.37	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	74.49	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	74.41	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	74.23	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	73.91	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	73.90	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	73.89	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	73.86	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	73.54	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	73.28	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	72.49	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	72.00	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	71.93	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.31

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

79 targeting CNTNAP3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-513B-5P	99.99	69.96	2150
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-507	99.97	70.11	1915
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-2110	99.96	66.68	1930
HSA-MIR-557	99.96	70.01	1640
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-22-3P	99.93	68.13	917
HSA-MIR-8063	99.91	69.76	3146
HSA-MIR-5680	99.91	69.83	3421
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-106A-5P	99.90	73.94	2683
HSA-MIR-301A-3P	99.90	73.15	1839
HSA-MIR-301B-3P	99.90	73.19	1836
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-17-5P	99.89	73.83	2665
HSA-MIR-548E-5P	99.89	72.73	4486
HSA-MIR-4271	99.88	68.32	2244
HSA-MIR-106B-5P	99.88	74.72	2795

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• Loss of 9p13.1-p12 was the novel copy number variant shared by twins with testicular germ cell tumors, confirming the involvement of CNTNAP3. (PMID:25424124)
• CNTNAP3 could upregulate the expression of ATG16L1 and increase autophagy vacuoles (PMID:25883416)
• Considering that CASPR3 is involved in building the brain neural network and autophagy in circulating leukocytes, abnormal CASPR3 expression in SCZ subjects may be associated with the pathogenesis of SCZ. (PMID:28413940)
• there are 5 mutations of CNTNAP3 (G410S, P614A, R786C/H, R1219X) which were reported to be found in autism spectrum disorders patients yet, which caused 4 amino acid changed and one stop-gain de novo mutation (PMID:31150793)
• CircCNTNAP3-TP53-positive feedback loop suppresses malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:33239613)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cntnap3	ENSDARG00000067824
mus_musculus	Cntnap3	ENSMUSG00000033063
rattus_norvegicus	Cntnap3	ENSRNOG00000027309

Paralogs (35): NRXN3 (ENSG00000021645), TLL1 (ENSG00000038295), CP (ENSG00000047457), DCBLD2 (ENSG00000057019), HEPH (ENSG00000089472), TLL2 (ENSG00000095587), NRP1 (ENSG00000099250), PCOLCE (ENSG00000106333), CUBN (ENSG00000107611), CNTNAP1 (ENSG00000108797), NRXN2 (ENSG00000110076), MEP1A (ENSG00000112818), NRP2 (ENSG00000118257), CUZD1 (ENSG00000138161), MFGE8 (ENSG00000140545), MEP1B (ENSG00000141434), PDGFC (ENSG00000145431), CNTNAP4 (ENSG00000152910), CNTNAP3B (ENSG00000154529), CNTNAP5 (ENSG00000155052), CDCP2 (ENSG00000157211), PCOLCE2 (ENSG00000163710), EDIL3 (ENSG00000164176), NETO1 (ENSG00000166342), BMP1 (ENSG00000168487), PDGFD (ENSG00000170962), NETO2 (ENSG00000171208), CNTNAP2 (ENSG00000174469), NRXN1 (ENSG00000179915), HEPHL1 (ENSG00000181333), F8 (ENSG00000185010), ASTL (ENSG00000188886), F5 (ENSG00000198734), MFRP (ENSG00000235718), CNTNAP3C (ENSG00000283378)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Contactin-associated protein-like 3 — Q9BZ76 (reviewed: Q9BZ76)

Alternative names: Cell recognition molecule Caspr3

All UniProt accessions (5): Q9BZ76, A6NC89, B1AM99, B1AMA2, F2Z2X6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Cell membrane Secreted.

Similarity. Belongs to the neurexin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9BZ76-1	1	yes
Q9BZ76-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001380308, NP_387504* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000421	FA58C	Domain
IPR000742	EGF	Domain
IPR001791	Laminin_G	Domain
IPR002181	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_C_dom	Domain
IPR008979	Galactose-bd-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR013320	ConA-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036056	Fibrinogen-like_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050372	Neurexin-related_CASP	Family

Pfam: PF00008, PF00754, PF02210

UniProt features (45 total): disulfide bond 11, glycosylation site 9, domain 8, sequence conflict 7, topological domain 2, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9BZ76-F1	83.35	0.55

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (11): 31–177, 332–364, 513–545, 551–562, 556–571, 573–583, 931–958, 962–975, 969–984, 986–996, 1167–1203

Glycosylation sites (9): 285, 359, 441, 497, 623, 706, 1023, 1073, 1120

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 60 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_BCELL_DN, KOYAMA_SEMA3B_TARGETS_UP, TURASHVILI_BREAST_DUCTAL_CARCINOMA_VS_DUCTAL_NORMAL_DN, HOOI_ST7_TARGETS_DN, BASAKI_YBX1_TARGETS_DN, CTTTGTA_MIR524, chr9p12, BENPORATH_OCT4_TARGETS, GOCC_SYNAPSE, GEORGES_TARGETS_OF_MIR192_AND_MIR215, KOINUMA_TARGETS_OF_SMAD2_OR_SMAD3, GHANDHI_BYSTANDER_IRRADIATION_DN, GSE14699_NAIVE_VS_DELETIONAL_TOLERANCE_CD8_TCELL_UP, GSE14415_NATURAL_TREG_VS_TCONV_UP, HMGA1_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (2): cell adhesion (GO:0007155), cell recognition (GO:0008037)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (3): extracellular region (GO:0005576), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular process	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
membrane	1
cell periphery	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

586 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CNTNAP3	APBA1	Q02410	707
CNTNAP3	EPB41	P11171	666
CNTNAP3	CREB5	Q02930	445
CNTNAP3	KANK2	Q63ZY3	422
CNTNAP3	BABAM1	Q9NWV8	418
CNTNAP3	EGF	P01133	401
CNTNAP3	SORCS2	Q96PQ0	394
CNTNAP3	SPATA31A1	Q5TZJ5	371
CNTNAP3	OLAH	Q9NV23	365
CNTNAP3	KIAA1958	Q8N8K9	345
CNTNAP3	CNTN3	Q9P232	341
CNTNAP3	FECH	P22830	338
CNTNAP3	NRXN1	Q9ULB1	336
CNTNAP3	PHF24	Q9UPV7	328
CNTNAP3	CCER1	Q8TC90	326

IntAct

122 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
HLA-DRA	HLA-DRB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.880
MGAT4C	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SCGB1D1	FAM234B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CELA3A	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ANTXR1	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DEFA1	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
OS9	AGRN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GPHA2	PLXNA2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SCGB1D4	EGFR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ERLEC1	ATF6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CRISP2	TUBA4A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FBXO2	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CRP	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
INSL5	COCH	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
C1orf54	EXTL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SCGB2A2	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CLEC2D	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BTNL8	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TSHB	SMCHD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SUSD4	CCDC85C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HLA-E	RTL8C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NRG1	HS6ST1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PTPRK	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TAZ	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (160): CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNTNAP3 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1XQX0, A1XQX2, A1XQX8, A1XQY1, A3KN33, B4F785, B8UU78, D0PRN3, E9Q7X7, P12080, P29319, P29320, P54764, Q02763, Q02858, Q03137, Q06807, Q07310, Q07496, Q0V8S9, Q0V8T0, Q0V8T3, Q0V8T4, Q0V8T5, Q0V8T6, Q0V8T7, Q0V8T8, Q0V8T9, Q19617, Q28146, Q3KN41, Q4VBE4, Q5RD64, Q63372, Q63374, Q63HQ2, Q6P9K9, Q8QFX6, Q8WYK1, Q91694

Diamond homologs: A2RUV9, A5A6K7, O14786, O17754, O18806, O35276, O35375, O35474, O43854, O54858, O54991, O60462, O75976, O88783, O89001, P00451, P02886, P02887, P02888, P04836, P12259, P12263, P14384, P15087, P15169, P16870, P21956, P28824, P29068, P37892, P39041, P42787, P70490, P78357, P79385, P79795, P83852, P97333, P97846, P98092

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 137 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell	8	8.4×	2e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
ERAD pathway	8	12.1×	3e-04
homophilic cell-cell adhesion	6	7.0×	8e-03
adaptive immune response	9	6.3×	3e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

230 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	196
Likely benign	17
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

5572 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:39078386:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39078453:CGAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:39078456:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:39078457:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:39078457:CTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:39088474:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39088475:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39088475:CAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39099906:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39099907:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39099908:T:TG	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39099909:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39100163:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:39109158:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39109159:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39109159:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39109159:CGAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39109285:GTCCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:39132926:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39132927:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39132928:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39132929:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39132930:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39132930:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39132930:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39132930:ACCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39132931:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39132931:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
9:39132931:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:39132931:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

8356 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:39239100:C:G	A95P	0.998
9:39102624:C:A	W876C	0.997
9:39102624:C:G	W876C	0.997
9:39239175:A:G	W70R	0.997
9:39239175:A:T	W70R	0.997
9:39193154:C:G	R171P	0.996
9:39239173:C:A	W70C	0.996
9:39239173:C:G	W70C	0.996
9:39239023:C:A	W120C	0.995
9:39239023:C:G	W120C	0.995
9:39239102:A:T	V94D	0.995
9:39100122:A:C	F928L	0.994
9:39100122:A:T	F928L	0.994
9:39100124:A:G	F928L	0.994
9:39102626:A:G	W876R	0.994
9:39102626:A:T	W876R	0.994
9:39166051:C:A	W453C	0.994
9:39166051:C:G	W453C	0.994
9:39171506:C:G	R399P	0.994
9:39193261:G:C	N135K	0.994
9:39193261:G:T	N135K	0.994
9:39239141:A:G	L81P	0.994
9:39100123:A:C	F928C	0.993
9:39100123:A:G	F928S	0.993
9:39193199:C:G	R156P	0.993
9:39239093:T:G	Q97P	0.993
9:39102623:G:C	H877D	0.992
9:39140530:C:G	C622S	0.992
9:39140531:A:T	C622S	0.992
9:39166053:A:G	W453R	0.992

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000013950 (9:39119721 A>C), RS1000024135 (9:39094696 T>A,C), RS1000104938 (9:61406631 C>G), RS1000140106 (9:61344373 C>A,T), RS1000184691 (9:61375628 G>A), RS1000197776 (9:39135147 A>G), RS1000230703 (9:39139280 T>C), RS1000278007 (9:39225334 C>T), RS1000283176 (9:39139002 C>G,T), RS1000288549 (9:39110325 G>T), RS1000342225 (9:61370671 TC>T,TCC), RS1000356365 (9:61416084 T>G), RS1000390526 (9:39145049 T>C,G), RS1000399427 (9:39110155 G>C), RS1000427869 (9:39226115 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610517 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): glioblastoma (MONDO:0018177)

Orphanet (1): Glioblastoma (Orphanet:360)

HPO phenotypes

2 total (2 of 2 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0012174	Glioblastoma multiforme
HP:0100843

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST007740_21	Iris color (a* coordinate)	1.000000e-06
GCST012308_1	Schizophrenia	6.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009764	eye colour measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D005909	Glioblastoma	C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335; C04.557.470.670.380.080.335; C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	6
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
mercuric bromide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
ethylbenzene	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases methylation	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate	decreases expression	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
nickel sulfate	increases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	decreases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
picene	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	decreases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Manganese	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
Progesterone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Toluene	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases methylation	1
Triclosan	increases expression	1
Xylenes	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00686725	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Standard Temodal (Temozolomide) Regimen Versus Standard Regimen Plus Early Postsurgery Temodal for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (Study P05572)
NCT01756729	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Post-approval Study of NovoTTF-100A in Recurrent GBM Patients
NCT03975829	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Pediatric Long-Term Follow-up and Rollover Study
NCT05342883	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	GammaTile and Stupp in Newly Diagnosed GBM
NCT05900908	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Post-operative Adjuvant Therapy w/wo GammaTile + Systemic Therapy
NCT06625047	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparing Telehealth and In-person Assessments in Glioma Patients Receiving Oral Chemotherapy
NCT07546669	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Efficacy of Zoster Vaccination in Glioblastoma Patients
NCT00045968	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Study of a Drug [DCVax®-L] to Treat Newly Diagnosed GBM Brain Cancer
NCT00068952	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of IV Edotecarin Vs Temozolomide or Carmustine (BCNU) or Lomustine (CCNU) in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT00076986	PHASE3	COMPLETED	The PRECISE Trial: Study of IL13-PE38QQR Compared to GLIADEL Wafer in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT00083447	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Study of Therapy With TransMID™ Compared to Best Standard of Care in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT00088400	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparison of TransMID vs Standard Treatment of Cancerous Brain Tumors
NCT00154375	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of Imatinib Mesylate in Combination With Hydroxyurea Versus Hydroxyurea Alone as an Oral Therapy in Patients With Temozolomide Resistant Progressive Glioblastoma
NCT00224978	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Chloroquine for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT00295815	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Enzastaurin Versus Lomustine in Glioblastoma
NCT00335075	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Temodal vs Semustine in Subjects With Recurrent Glioblastoma or Anaplastic Astrocytoma (Study P03644)
NCT00379470	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of NovoTTF-100A in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)
NCT00430911	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Radiotherapy for Malignant Astrocytomas in the Elderly
NCT00615186	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Locoregional Agent Survival Study - Anti-tenascin Radiolabeled Antibody Therapy
NCT00689221	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cilengitide, Temozolomide, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma and Methylated Gene Promoter Status
NCT00761280	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of AP 12009 in Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma or Secondary Glioblastoma
NCT00777153	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cediranib in Combination With Lomustine Chemotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma
NCT00807027	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of ‘Immuncell-LC’ With Temozolomide in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma of Korea
NCT00884741	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Temozolomide and Radiation Therapy With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
NCT00916409	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of NovoTTF-100A Together With Temozolomide in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)
NCT00943826	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of Bevacizumab (Avastin®) in Combination With Temozolomide and Radiotherapy in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
NCT01149109	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Lomustine/Temozolomide Combination Therapy vs. Standard Therapy for Glioblastoma Patients
NCT01290939	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Bevacizumab and Lomustine for Recurrent GBM
NCT01364064	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Conventional Adjuvant Temozolomide With Dose Intensive Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
NCT01450449	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Short Course vs. Standard Course Radiotherapy in Elderly and/or Frail Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT01480479	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase III Study of Rindopepimut/GM-CSF in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
NCT01502241	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase III Trial of Primary Radio- or Chemotherapy in Malignant Astrocytoma of the Elderly
NCT01507506	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Phase III Study Comparing 2 Brain Conformational Radiotherapy in Combination With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Glioblastoma
NCT01656980	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Safety and Efficacy Study of Intracranially Implanted Carmustine to Treat Newly Diagnosed Malignant Glioma
NCT01765088	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	A Phase III Trial on Adjuvant Temozolomide With or Without Interferon-alpha in Newly Diagnosed High-grade Gliomas
NCT01811121	PHASE3	COMPLETED	MEDICO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF SURGERY GUIDED BY FLUORESCENCE FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF RESECTION OF GLIOBLASTOMAS
NCT01830101	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	A Phase III Study of Re-Irradiation in Recurrent Glioblastoma
NCT02017717	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Nivolumab Compared to Bevacizumab and of Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab in Glioblastoma Patients
NCT02511405	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Phase 3, Pivotal Trial of VB-111 Plus Bevacizumab vs. Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (GLOBE)
NCT02546102	PHASE3	SUSPENDED	Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study of ICT-107 in Glioblastoma