COA6

Summary

COA6 (cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6, HGNC:18025) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q42.2, encoding Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6 homolog (Q5JTJ3). Involved in the maturation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV subunit MT-CO2/COX2. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 28.1% of cell lines).

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B family. The encoded protein associates with cytochrome c oxidase may act has an cytochrome c oxidase mitochondrial respiratory complex VI assembly factor. Mutations in this gene may be associated with fatal infantile cardiomyopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 388753 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): mitochondrial disease (Definitive, ClinGen) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 87 total — 2 pathogenic, 3 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 16
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 28.1% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001206641

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18025
Approved symbol	COA6
Name	cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6
Location	1q42.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168275
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	614772
Entrez	388753

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 4 protein_coding

ENST00000366612, ENST00000366613, ENST00000366615, ENST00000619305

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001206641 NM_001012985, NM_001206641, NM_001301733

CCDS: CCDS31059, CCDS55690, CCDS76275

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000366615 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001831497	234383723	234385080
ENSE00001873248	234373456	234373678
ENSE00002222990	234374230	234374389

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 247 present calls, max score 97.52.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 33.7034 / max 360.2284, expressed in 1826 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
9111	23.6670	1818
9110	5.5955	1707
9114	1.9011	1143
9113	1.3465	879
9115	0.6700	379
9112	0.2763	126
9116	0.2470	118

Top tissues by expression

255 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	97.52	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	96.16	silver quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	95.56	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	95.50	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	95.13	silver quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	95.12	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	94.95	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	94.94	silver quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	94.89	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	94.72	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	94.59	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	94.22	silver quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	94.04	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	93.97	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	93.91	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	93.72	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	93.64	silver quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	93.53	silver quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	93.48	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	93.43	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	93.37	silver quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	93.27	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	93.26	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	93.21	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	93.18	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	93.08	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	92.74	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	92.63	silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	92.59	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	92.48	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	7.90
E-MTAB-6524	no	187.33
E-MTAB-7606	no	161.49

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

10 targeting COA6, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6513-3P	99.59	69.77	1102
HSA-MIR-5584-5P	99.49	68.22	2814
HSA-MIR-12132	99.47	68.90	1341
HSA-MIR-198	98.70	67.32	920
HSA-MIR-9500	98.62	66.54	1845
HSA-MIR-10226	98.25	66.50	811
HSA-MIR-489-5P	94.69	63.05	53
HSA-MIR-135A-3P	94.19	66.09	495
HSA-MIR-6750-5P	93.94	66.68	797
HSA-MIR-6822-5P	93.94	66.34	812

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 28.1% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 11)

• Strong candidate gene for mitochondrial disease, based on recessive mutations detected in infantile patients (PMID:22277967)
• COX assembly candidate, ortholog of fungal YMR244C-A (PMID:22356826)
• Co-purified with C7orf44 (the human ortholog of fungal COX assembly protein) (PMID:22356826)
• Cooperation between COA6 and SCO2 in COX2 maturation during cytochrome c oxidase assembly links two mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. (PMID:25959673)
• Results find that COA6 associates with COX2 and is crucial for its maturation and complex IV biogenesis. Also, COA6 interacts with the copper chaperone SCO1 which indicates that COA6 is intrinsically involved in the copper delivery process for COX2. (PMID:26160915)
• Data present the crystal structures of human Coa6 and the pathogenic (W59C)Coa6-mutant protein. These structures show that Coa6 has a 3-helical bundle structure, with the first 2 helices tethered by disulfide bonds, one of which likely provides the copper-binding site. Disulfide-mediated oligomerization of the (W59C)Coa6 protein provides a structural explanation for the loss-of-function mutation. (PMID:31515291)
• COA6 Is Structurally Tuned to Function as a Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase in Copper Delivery to Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase. (PMID:31851937)
• COA6 Facilitates Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis as Thiol-reductase for Copper Metallochaperones in Mitochondria. (PMID:32061935)
• What Role Does COA6 Play in Cytochrome C Oxidase Biogenesis: A Metallochaperone or Thiol Oxidoreductase, or Both? (PMID:32977416)
• High Expression of COA6 Is Related to Unfavorable Prognosis and Enhanced Oxidative Phosphorylation in Lung Adenocarcinoma. (PMID:36982777)
• Pan-cancer analysis reveals potential immunological and prognostic roles of COA6 in human cancers and preliminary exploration of COA6 in bladder cancer. (PMID:38395184)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	coa6	ENSDARG00000092677
mus_musculus	Coa6	ENSMUSG00000051671
rattus_norvegicus	Coa6	ENSRNOG00000062808
drosophila_melanogaster	CG42376	FBGN0259722

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6 homolog — Q5JTJ3 (reviewed: Q5JTJ3)

All UniProt accessions (1): Q5JTJ3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Involved in the maturation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV subunit MT-CO2/COX2. Thereby, may regulate early steps of complex IV assembly. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV or cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from intermembrane space cytochrome c to molecular oxygen in the matrix and as a consequence contributes to the proton gradient involved in mitochondrial ATP synthesis. May also be required for efficient formation of respiratory supercomplexes comprised of complexes III and IV.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with COA1. Found in a complex with TMEM177, COX20, MT-CO2/COX2, COX18, SCO1 and SCO2. Interacts with MT-CO2/COX2 and SCO2. Interacts with SCO1. Interacts with COX20 in a MT-CO2/COX2- and COX18-dependent manner. Interacts with COX16.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion intermembrane space.

Disease relevance. Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 13 (MC4DN13) [MIM:616501] An autosomal recessive, infantile disorder with a fatal course in the first weeks of life, characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction, lactic acidosis, metabolic hypotonia, and mitochondrial complex IV deficiency. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q5JTJ3-1	1	yes
Q5JTJ3-2	2
Q5JTJ3-3	3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001013003, NP_001193570, NP_001288662 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR036549	CX6/COA6-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042289	COA6	Family
IPR048280	COX6B-like	Family

Pfam: PF02297

UniProt features (18 total): helix 5, short sequence motif 2, disulfide bond 2, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1, domain 1, turn 1, initiator methionine 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6PCE	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.65
6PCF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2
6NL3	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q5JTJ3-F1	78.74	0.51

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Disulfide bonds (2): 58–90, 68–79

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1268020	Mitochondrial protein import

MSigDB gene sets: 161 (showing top): GOBP_RESPIRATORY_CHAIN_COMPLEX_IV_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_RESPIRATORY_CHAIN_COMPLEX_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_CYTOCHROME_COMPLEX_ASSEMBLY, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_13, GRYDER_PAX3FOXO1_ENHANCERS_IN_TADS, GRYDER_PAX3FOXO1_TOP_ENHANCERS, GOCC_ORGANELLE_ENVELOPE_LUMEN, GOMF_DISULFIDE_OXIDOREDUCTASE_ACTIVITY, GOMF_COPPER_ION_BINDING, MEISSNER_BRAIN_HCP_WITH_H3K4ME3_AND_H3K27ME3, GOCC_ORGANELLE_ENVELOPE, FEVR_CTNNB1_TARGETS_DN, REACTOME_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION, CAHOY_ASTROGLIAL

GO Biological Process (2): respiratory chain complex IV assembly (GO:0008535), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly (GO:0033617)

GO Molecular Function (3): RNA binding (GO:0003723), copper ion binding (GO:0005507), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial intermembrane space (GO:0005758)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Protein localization	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytochrome complex assembly	1
mitochondrion	1
respiratory chain complex IV assembly	1
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly	1
nucleic acid binding	1
transition metal ion binding	1
binding	1
nuclear lumen	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
mitochondrial envelope	1
organelle envelope lumen	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1432 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
COA6	SCO1	O75880	905
COA6	SCO2	O43819	832
COA6	COA3	Q9Y2R0	807
COA6	COX11	Q9Y6N1	800
COA6	COX17	Q14061	760
COA6	COA5	Q86WW8	751
COA6	COX16	Q9P0S2	750
COA6	COX19	Q49B96	729
COA6	COA4	Q9NYJ1	714
COA6	COX7C	P15954	704
COA6	COX20	Q5RI15	697
COA6	COX18	Q8N8Q8	697
COA6	PET117	Q6UWS5	686
COA6	PET100	P0DJ07	658
COA6	COX5B	P10606	657

IntAct

23 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
NAP1L5	IQGAP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
CABP2	COA6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
COA6	CABP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
COA6	DTX2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
COA6	TTC19	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CD81	HIP1R	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRNP	CARNS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
STYX	BANF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GABARAP		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MFSD5	ILVBL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
AIFM1	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
COX14	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
COX4I1	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
PLGRKT	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
SCO1	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
SFXN1	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
DTX2	COA6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TTC19	COA6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
adgA	COA6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (31): COA6 (Affinity Capture-MS), SCO2 (Affinity Capture-Western), COX2 (Affinity Capture-Western), COA6 (Proximity Label-MS), COA6 (Proximity Label-MS), COA6 (Proximity Label-MS), COA6 (Proximity Label-MS), COA6 (Proximity Label-MS), COA6 (Proximity Label-MS), MSRB2 (Co-fractionation), ISOC2 (Co-fractionation), COA6 (Co-fractionation), COA6 (Co-fractionation), COA6 (Two-hybrid), COA6 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2VE78, A5WUL3, A6QR44, B9F4I8, E9Q6D6, F4KIA8, O75916, O82238, O93279, O94763, O94988, P35922, P55265, Q05809, Q06787, Q13233, Q28C33, Q2R2B1, Q3B7M7, Q3T136, Q3ULM0, Q3ZBR0, Q5B4S6, Q5E9J6, Q5JTJ3, Q5R6E1, Q5RGA4, Q5XIX8, Q63505, Q69Z66, Q6GL38, Q6GQ95, Q7TN31, Q7TP65, Q86XL3, Q8C2S5, Q8K284, Q8N302, Q8WYQ5, Q93ZS1

Diamond homologs: G2TRP6, Q2M2S5, Q3E846, Q5JTJ3, Q8BGD8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

87 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	3
Uncertain significance	28
Likely benign	26
Benign	16

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (5)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
144036	NM_001206641.3(COA6):c.267G>C (p.Trp89Cys)	Pathogenic
204622	NM_001206641.3(COA6):c.286T>C (p.Trp96Arg)	Pathogenic
1690932	NM_001206641.3(COA6):c.274del (p.Arg92fs)	Likely pathogenic
1690965	NM_001206641.3(COA6):c.212+163G>A	Likely pathogenic
3767189	NM_001206641.3(COA6):c.415_418dup (p.Lys140fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

487 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:234373653:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
1:234373660:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
1:234374386:GTGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:234373653:G:T	donor_gain	0.9900
1:234373654:A:T	donor_gain	0.9900
1:234374228:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:234374229:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:234374229:GCTTC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:234374388:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
1:234374389:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
1:234374389:GGT:G	donor_loss	0.9900
1:234374390:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
1:234374390:GTAAG:G	donor_loss	0.9900
1:234374391:T:G	donor_loss	0.9900
1:234373660:G:T	donor_gain	0.9800
1:234374351:T:G	donor_gain	0.9800
1:234383717:CAACA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
1:234383718:AACAG:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
1:234383719:ACAGA:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
1:234383720:CAGA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
1:234383721:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9800
1:234383721:A:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
1:234383722:G:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
1:234383722:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9800
1:234383722:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
1:234383722:GATA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
1:234383722:GATAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
1:234373504:GCCGC:G	donor_gain	0.9700
1:234373507:GC:G	donor_gain	0.9700
1:234373509:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9700

AlphaMissense

996 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:234374389:G:C	W94C	0.998
1:234374389:G:T	W94C	0.998
1:234383732:T:C	F98L	0.998
1:234383734:T:A	F98L	0.998
1:234383734:T:G	F98L	0.998
1:234374387:T:A	W94R	0.997
1:234374387:T:C	W94R	0.997
1:234383764:A:C	K108N	0.997
1:234383764:A:T	K108N	0.997
1:234374305:G:C	W66C	0.994
1:234374305:G:T	W66C	0.994
1:234383745:G:C	R102T	0.994
1:234383746:A:C	R102S	0.994
1:234383746:A:T	R102S	0.994
1:234374272:A:C	R55S	0.993
1:234374272:A:T	R55S	0.993
1:234374292:G:C	R62P	0.993
1:234383733:T:C	F98S	0.993
1:234383733:T:G	F98C	0.993
1:234374279:T:A	C58S	0.991
1:234374280:G:C	C58S	0.991
1:234383729:T:G	Y97D	0.991
1:234383743:A:C	R101S	0.991
1:234383743:A:T	R101S	0.991
1:234374284:G:C	W59C	0.990
1:234374284:G:T	W59C	0.990
1:234374375:T:A	C90S	0.990
1:234374376:G:A	C90Y	0.990
1:234374376:G:C	C90S	0.990
1:234374271:G:C	R55T	0.989

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000530178 (1:234375640 A>G), RS1000591904 (1:234376810 C>T), RS1000972208 (1:234381100 C>A), RS1001023221 (1:234380872 C>A,T), RS1001214246 (1:234374949 T>C), RS1001487136 (1:234371842 T>C), RS1001635249 (1:234382026 C>CT), RS1002045080 (1:234379038 A>C), RS1002253883 (1:234381692 A>G), RS1002361988 (1:234375948 C>T), RS1002485171 (1:234373256 C>T), RS1002636717 (1:234383280 G>A), RS1002926712 (1:234385014 G>T), RS1002969016 (1:234384719 C>G), RS1003022818 (1:234378334 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:614772 | disease phenotypes: MIM:616501

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 4	Strong	Unknown

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
mitochondrial disease	Definitive	AR

Mondo (1): cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 4 (MONDO:0014668)

Orphanet (1): Fatal infantile cytochrome C oxidase deficiency (Orphanet:1561)

HPO phenotypes

16 total (16 of 16 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000331	Short chin
HP:0001252	Hypotonia
HP:0001319	Neonatal hypotonia
HP:0001639	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HP:0001643	Patent ductus arteriosus
HP:0001659	Aortic regurgitation
HP:0001942	Metabolic acidosis
HP:0002045	Hypothermia
HP:0002789	Tachypnea
HP:0003128	Lactic acidosis
HP:0003577	Congenital onset
HP:0005180	Tricuspid regurgitation
HP:0008347	Decreased activity of mitochondrial complex IV
HP:0012664	Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
HP:0030682	Left ventricular noncompaction

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST009391_2134	Metabolite levels	7.000000e-06
GCST009391_964	Metabolite levels	9.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0010383	phosphatidylcholine 36:5 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

39 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	3
beauvericin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
lead acetate	increases expression	1
tetrahydropalmatine	decreases expression	1
sulforaphane	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
cupric chloride	increases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
azoxystrobin	increases expression	1
enniatins	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
deguelin	increases expression	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
fenpyroximate	increases expression	1
pyrachlostrobin	increases expression	1
picoxystrobin	increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Antimycin A	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	decreases expression	1
Manganese	increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Rotenone	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.