COL4A5

Summary

COL4A5 (collagen type IV alpha 5 chain, HGNC:2207) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xq22.3, encoding Collagen alpha-5(IV) chain (P29400). Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a ‘chicken-wire’ meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen. It is haploinsufficient (ClinGen: sufficient evidence).

This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked Alport syndrome, also known as hereditary nephritis. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 1287 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): Alport syndrome (Definitive, ClinGen) — +1 more curated relationship
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 3,508 total — 625 pathogenic, 658 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 56
• Druggable target: yes
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency sufficient evidence, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_033380

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2207
Approved symbol	COL4A5
Name	collagen type IV alpha 5 chain
Location	Xq22.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000188153
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	303630
Entrez	1287

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 9 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000328300, ENST00000361603, ENST00000470339, ENST00000477429, ENST00000483338, ENST00000489230, ENST00000504541, ENST00000505728, ENST00000510690, ENST00000515658, ENST00000642185, ENST00000644079, ENST00000949141, ENST00000949142, ENST00000949143

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_033380 NM_000495, NM_033380

CCDS: CCDS14543, CCDS35366

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000328300 — 53 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001152517	108626210	108626349
ENSE00001262874	108695267	108695439
ENSE00001262884	108694807	108694921
ENSE00001262981	108655331	108655457
ENSE00001340002	108665507	108665587
ENSE00001340048	108668319	108668504
ENSE00001340050	108667133	108667183
ENSE00001362206	108692748	108692925
ENSE00001362209	108687482	108687694
ENSE00001434905	108578291	108578383
ENSE00001435010	108582884	108582937
ENSE00001435129	108578078	108578119
ENSE00001435244	108577952	108577987
ENSE00001435302	108568759	108568821
ENSE00001435451	108580983	108581027
ENSE00001435485	108575910	108575972
ENSE00001436068	108571811	108571837
ENSE00001436285	108580682	108580738
ENSE00001436434	108573574	108573654
ENSE00001436548	108580533	108580586
ENSE00001436663	108666496	108666594
ENSE00001436779	108571413	108571466
ENSE00001600586	108670228	108670236
ENSE00001860956	108439838	108440206
ENSE00003465267	108680885	108680956
ENSE00003471758	108595509	108595601
ENSE00003482829	108602964	108603061
ENSE00003486836	108559064	108559153
ENSE00003489323	108563882	108563926
ENSE00003493604	108620259	108620426
ENSE00003497266	108686031	108686129
ENSE00003502643	108622676	108622825
ENSE00003538467	108606742	108606892
ENSE00003550123	108539746	108539805
ENSE00003555831	108586615	108586747
ENSE00003558371	108596998	108597068
ENSE00003575967	108680679	108680751
ENSE00003583814	108591058	108591231
ENSE00003588347	108677500	108677633
ENSE00003596104	108625705	108625794
ENSE00003598869	108681760	108681888
ENSE00003627141	108598702	108598870
ENSE00003634688	108568629	108568673
ENSE00003636495	108614911	108615024
ENSE00003644068	108591561	108591644
ENSE00003644175	108601393	108601485
ENSE00003661167	108601885	108601989
ENSE00003667613	108674745	108674753
ENSE00003669472	108624236	108624334
ENSE00003670092	108621803	108621892
ENSE00003670660	108597377	108597568
ENSE00003683504	108584484	108584525
ENSE00003899112	108696297	108697545

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 267 present calls, max score 99.06.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 9.5852 / max 868.3864, expressed in 1106 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (13 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
197211	5.4443	1053
197216	1.1770	76
197212	0.8712	352
197220	0.5784	73
197218	0.5726	73
197213	0.4231	230
197214	0.1655	78
197210	0.0965	34
197219	0.0796	48
197209	0.0617	14

Top tissues by expression

290 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	99.06	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	98.01	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	97.95	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	97.89	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	97.79	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	97.58	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	96.88	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	96.73	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	96.64	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	96.49	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	96.16	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	96.08	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	96.02	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	95.46	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	95.46	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	95.39	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	95.03	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	94.97	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	94.94	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	94.84	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	94.84	gold quality
inferior olivary complex	UBERON:0002127	94.61	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	94.02	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	94.01	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	94.01	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	94.00	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	93.91	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	93.80	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	93.70	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	93.39	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 6 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-35	yes	75.14
E-HCAD-25	yes	52.01
E-CURD-119	yes	24.11
E-ANND-3	yes	11.54
E-MTAB-7249	yes	2.97
E-CURD-10	no	222.69

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

93 targeting COL4A5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-4531	99.99	69.70	3181
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-4500	99.99	72.72	2367
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-23A-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23B-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23C	99.95	73.92	3192
HSA-MIR-767-5P	99.95	70.85	993
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-548AH-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AM-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AQ-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-3119	99.92	71.34	2390
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-10527-5P	99.91	72.28	3754
HSA-MIR-3686	99.90	70.53	2432
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-5682	99.89	72.56	1005

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 3 (sufficient evidence), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• SSCP analysis in X-linked Alport syndrome (PMID:11462238)
• new point mutation in a Spanish family with X-linked Alport syndrome (PMID:11961405)
• an imbalance of glomerular alpha2(IV) and alpha5(IV) chain expression occurred in IgA nephropathy (PMID:12021518)
• thin basement membrane disease might be caused by an abnormality of the alpha5(IV) antigen along the glomerular basement membrane (PMID:12218303)
• human CA54 protein has a natural tendency towards variants (PMID:12732331)
• This study showed abnormal composition of alpha(IV) chains in the anterior lens capsule of a patient with anterior lenticonus caused by a nonsense mutation in the COL4A5 gene. (PMID:12796257)
• absence of genotype-phenotype correlation and the large intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity (PMID:14514738)
• there is no correlation between the severity of the glomerular involvement (expressed by proteinuria) and the staining of the alpha 5 chain in the EBM in females with X-linked Alport syndrome. (PMID:14531812)
• We provide a first indication that highly specialized patterns characteristic of COL4A5-COL4A6 expression in vivo arise from effects of distributed cis-acting regulatory elements on a bidirectional proximal promoter, itself transcriptionally competent. (PMID:14592452)
• critical role of COL4A5 gene mutations in the pathogenesis of Alport’s syndrome. (PMID:14993485)
• Alport syndrome in French Polynesia is due to a founder mutation, a tandem duplication of 35 exons, that occurred onto a common haplotype (PMID:15149316)
• Collagen chains alpha5(IV) and alpha6(IV) were frequently absent in basement membrane from pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and their absence might be related to the invasion of cancer cells. (PMID:15211113)
• The predicted rates of AA substitutions for glycine were compared with missense mutations that have been observed to cause disease. Any Gly replacement will cause disease & the level of triple-helix destabilization determines clinical outcome. (PMID:15365990)
• distinctive patterns of expression of the alpha1 (IV) and alpha5 (IV) collagen chains may be related to the histogenic sudoral origin of cyli (PMID:15583824)
• COL4A5 mutations observed in evident X-linked Alport syndrome using genomic DNA. (PMID:15780079)
• novel mutations identified during routine molecular diagnostics for Alport syndrome (PMID:15954103)
• both COL12A1 and COL4A5 constitute good candidate target genes in the pathogenesis of subungual exostosis (PMID:16284948)
• The expression of the alpha5(IV)/alpha6(IV) chains was down-regulated in colorectal cancer, and the loss of expression of the alpha5(IV)/alpha6(IV) chains was associated with the hypermethylation of their promoter region. (PMID:16507901)
• analysis of conformational features of a natural break in the type IV collagen Gly-X-Y repeat (PMID:16613845)
• Immunolocalization of alpha5 type (IV)-chain collagen in the kidney may correspond to the severity of the clinical phenotype. (PMID:16940319)
• Twenty-one mutations in COL4A5 gene were identified in patients with Alport syndrome and they include four gross deletions, two deep intronic mutations, three frameshifts, three splice site mutations, eight missense mutations and one inframe deletion. (PMID:16941480)
• The cysteine to tyrosine substitution in the NC1 domain of the alpha5(IV) collagen chain in this family leads to a mild form of Alport syndrome, including absence of extra-renal features. (PMID:17277342)
• Ultrastructure of COL4A5 immunofluorescence staining of the glomerular basement membrane and Bowman capsule was demonstrated. In conrast, this protein was absent in the basement membrane of skin cells. (PMID:17294221)
• 16 novel mutations identified in COL4A3, COL4A4 & COL4A5 genes in Slovenian families with Alport syndrome(ATS)& benign familial hematuria; 12 mutations found in COL4A5 gene in ATS patients (9 missense, 1 splice site, 1 frameshift & 1 nonsense mutation) (PMID:17396119)
• Comparison of alpha5(IV) with alpha2(IV) expression in Alport patients is simple and eliminates technical artifacts. (PMID:17554254)
• These findings indicate that a defect in heterotrimer formation is the main molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AS caused by mutation in the NC1 domain. (PMID:18083113)
• combination of cDNA and MLPA analysis improves the mutation detection rate in COL4A5 and that MLPA should be the first step in genetic testing for X-linked AS (PMID:18616531)
• The co-detection of alpha5 and alpha2 chains of collagen IV in frozen skin biopsies is therefore proposed as a simple technique to diagnose Alport syndrome. (PMID:18706356)
• analysis of noncollagenous sites encoding specific interactions and quaternary assembly of alpha 3 alpha 4 alpha 5(IV) collagen (PMID:18930919)
• a novel splicing mutation of c.1517-1G to T in the COL4A5 gene causing Alport syndrome in a Chinese family (PMID:19065523)
• study reports on a family with atypical Alport disease initially presenting as hereditary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis; a previously undescribed COL4A5 mutation was identified as cause of the disease (PMID:19281745)
• Aromatic residues greatly accelerate the kinetics of self-association in a typical sequence from the alpha5 chain of type IV collagen, decreasing lag time and leading to insoluble, well-defined linear fibrils as well as small soluble aggregates. (PMID:19610672)
• underlying COL4A5 (collagen type IV alpha 5) mutation, truncating or non-truncating, can significantly predict the age at End stage renal disease in male patients (PMID:19728970)
• An assay useful for mutations responsible for the most adult type Alport syndrome in the U.S. is recommended for testing individuals from families carrying one of the COL4A5 mutations tested: Cys1564Ser, Leu1649Arg or Arg1677Gln. (PMID:19919694)
• Severe mutations in male individuals with X-linked Alport syndrome are associated with the perimacular dot-and-fleck retinopathy. Furthermore, the retinopathy indicates that male individuals are at increased risk for renal failure before the age of 30 (PMID:19965530)
• younger age at onset of ESRD associated with mutations at the 5’ end of the gene (PMID:20378821)
• A curated disease-specific database containing reported sequence variants in COL4A5, was developed. (PMID:20574986)
• A novel COL4A5 mutation causes rapid progression to end-stage renal disease in males, despite the absence of clinical and biopsy findings associated with Alport syndrome. (PMID:20881942)
• expression of collagen type IV alpha5 chain in the smooth muscle BM of the gastrointestinal tract is restricted to the esophagus in humans (PMID:20951201)
• Identified mutations of the COL4A5 and COL4A3 gene in five Chinese Alport syndrome families. (PMID:21143337)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Col4a5	ENSMUSG00000031274
rattus_norvegicus	Col4a5	ENSRNOG00000018951

Paralogs (37): COL9A2 (ENSG00000049089), COL23A1 (ENSG00000050767), COL11A1 (ENSG00000060718), COL17A1 (ENSG00000065618), COL5A3 (ENSG00000080573), COL4A4 (ENSG00000081052), COL16A1 (ENSG00000084636), COL9A3 (ENSG00000092758), COL20A1 (ENSG00000101203), COL1A1 (ENSG00000108821), COL9A1 (ENSG00000112280), COL7A1 (ENSG00000114270), COL21A1 (ENSG00000124749), COL5A1 (ENSG00000130635), COL4A2 (ENSG00000134871), COL2A1 (ENSG00000139219), COL6A1 (ENSG00000142156), COL6A2 (ENSG00000142173), EDA (ENSG00000158813), COL26A1 (ENSG00000160963), COL1A2 (ENSG00000164692), COL3A1 (ENSG00000168542), COL4A3 (ENSG00000169031), COL22A1 (ENSG00000169436), COL24A1 (ENSG00000171502), COL18A1 (ENSG00000182871), EMID1 (ENSG00000186998), COL4A1 (ENSG00000187498), COL25A1 (ENSG00000188517), COL27A1 (ENSG00000196739), COL13A1 (ENSG00000197467), COL4A6 (ENSG00000197565), COL11A2 (ENSG00000204248), COL5A2 (ENSG00000204262), COL15A1 (ENSG00000204291), COLQ (ENSG00000206561), COL28A1 (ENSG00000215018)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Collagen alpha-5(IV) chain — P29400 (reviewed: P29400)

All UniProt accessions (6): A0A2R8Y5W0, P29400, H0Y998, H0Y9H0, H0Y9R8, Q49AM6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a ‘chicken-wire’ meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen.

Subunit / interactions. There are six type IV collagen isoforms, alpha 1(IV)-alpha 6(IV), each of which can form a triple helix structure with 2 other chains to generate type IV collagen network.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Extracellular space. Extracellular matrix. Basement membrane.

Tissue specificity. Isoform 2 is found in kidney.

Post-translational modifications. Prolines at the third position of the tripeptide repeating unit (G-X-Y) are hydroxylated in some or all of the chains. Type IV collagens contain numerous cysteine residues which are involved in inter- and intramolecular disulfide bonding. 12 of these, located in the NC1 domain, are conserved in all known type IV collagens. The trimeric structure of the NC1 domains is stabilized by covalent bonds between Lys and Met residues.

Disease relevance. Alport syndrome 1, X-linked (ATS1) [MIM:301050] A syndrome that is characterized by progressive glomerulonephritis, renal failure, sensorineural deafness, specific eye abnormalities (lenticonous and macular flecks), and glomerular basement membrane defects. The disorder shows considerable heterogeneity in that families differ in the age of end-stage renal disease and the occurrence of deafness. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Deletions covering the N-terminal regions of COL4A5 and COL4A6, which are localized in a head-to-head manner, are found in the chromosome Xq22.3 centromeric deletion syndrome. This results in a phenotype with features of diffuse leiomyomatosis and Alport syndrome (DL-ATS).

Domain organisation. Alpha chains of type IV collagen have a non-collagenous domain (NC1) at their C-terminus, frequent interruptions of the G-X-Y repeats in the long central triple-helical domain (which may cause flexibility in the triple helix), and a short N-terminal triple-helical 7S domain.

Miscellaneous. Contains 2 extra G-X-X repeats into the triple-helix domain.

Similarity. Belongs to the type IV collagen family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P29400-1	1	yes
P29400-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_000486, NP_203699* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001442	Collagen_IV_NC	Domain
IPR008160	Collagen	Repeat
IPR016187	CTDL_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036954	Collagen_IV_NC_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050149	Collagen_superfamily	Family

Pfam: PF01391, PF01413

UniProt features (244 total): sequence variant 165, compositionally biased region 28, strand 20, disulfide bond 9, helix 7, sequence conflict 4, region of interest 3, cross-link 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, domain 1, turn 1, glycosylation site 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6WKU	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.76
5NAZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.85

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P29400-F1	49.04	0.15

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 1549, 1667

Disulfide bonds (9): 451, 481, 484, 1476–1567, 1509–1564, 1521–1527, 1586–1681, 1620–1678, 1632–1638

Glycosylation sites (1): 125

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

15 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1442490	Collagen degradation
R-HSA-1566977	Fibronectin matrix formation
R-HSA-1650814	Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes
R-HSA-186797	Signaling by PDGF
R-HSA-2022090	Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures
R-HSA-216083	Integrin cell surface interactions
R-HSA-2214320	Anchoring fibril formation
R-HSA-2243919	Crosslinking of collagen fibrils
R-HSA-3000157	Laminin interactions
R-HSA-3000171	Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions
R-HSA-3000178	ECM proteoglycans
R-HSA-419037	NCAM1 interactions
R-HSA-8948216	Collagen chain trimerization
R-HSA-9010553	Regulation of expression of SLITs and ROBOs
R-HSA-9638630	Attachment of bacteria to epithelial cells

MSigDB gene sets: 364 (showing top): VALK_AML_WITH_FLT3_ITD, GOBP_NEUROMUSCULAR_JUNCTION_DEVELOPMENT, TGGTGCT_MIR29A_MIR29B_MIR29C, LEE_NEURAL_CREST_STEM_CELL_DN, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, CHIARADONNA_NEOPLASTIC_TRANSFORMATION_KRAS_DN, GOBP_COLLAGEN_FIBRIL_ORGANIZATION, GOCC_COLLAGEN_TRIMER, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, ASTON_MAJOR_DEPRESSIVE_DISORDER_DN, REACTOME_NCAM_SIGNALING_FOR_NEURITE_OUT_GROWTH, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_3_DN, HNF1_Q6, AAAYRNCTG_UNKNOWN

GO Biological Process (3): neuromuscular junction development (GO:0007528), collagen fibril organization (GO:0030199), collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038063)

GO Molecular Function (3): extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength (GO:0030020), extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): extracellular region (GO:0005576), collagen type IV trimer (GO:0005587), endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012), neuromuscular junction (GO:0031594), collagen trimer (GO:0005581), basement membrane (GO:0005604)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-9 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Extracellular matrix organization	5
Collagen formation	2
Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures	2
Degradation of the extracellular matrix	1
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases	1
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth	1
Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes	1
Signaling by ROBO receptors	1
Biofilm formation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
extracellular matrix	2
synapse organization	1
extracellular matrix organization	1
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	1
collagen-activated signaling pathway	1
extracellular matrix structural constituent	1
structural molecule activity	1
binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
network-forming collagen trimer	1
chicken-wire-like collagen network	1
endoplasmic reticulum	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
external encapsulating structure	1
synapse	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1650 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
COL4A5	BECN1	Q14457	944
COL4A5	AMMECR1	Q9Y4X0	849
COL4A5	ATG14	Q6ZNE5	811
COL4A5	ACSL4	O60488	806
COL4A5	IGBP1	P78318	796
COL4A5	KCNE5	Q9UJ90	700
COL4A5	NPHS1	O60500	652
COL4A5	LAMA5	O15230	646
COL4A5	COL1A1	P02452	641
COL4A5	NID1	P14543	641
COL4A5	COL3A1	P02461	639
COL4A5	COL1A2	P02464	612
COL4A5	CD151	P48509	577
COL4A5	NPHS2	Q9NP85	577
COL4A5	COL6A3	P12111	534

IntAct

26 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
STRN3	STRN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.880
COLGALT2	COL1A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
COL4A5	KLK6	psi-mi:“MI:0570”(protein cleavage)	0.440
COL4A5	ANXA7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
COL4A5	CDKN1A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
COL4A5	DAZAP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
COL4A5	NR1H2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
COL4A5	SMN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
TK1	COL4A5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CEP170P1	PCYT1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KIF21B		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Lgals3bp	CS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DAP3	MBNL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Washc1	COX7A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
VPS26B	KIF1B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Esrrb	WASL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PDK1	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KNL1	SPC24	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SGK3	AIP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
P4HA1	POLRMT	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PLOD1	PLK4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COL8A2	P4HA2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KLHL22	TRAV18	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FMR1	COL4A5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RNF10	COL4A5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (62): COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-MS), COL4A5 (Affinity Capture-RNA), COL4A5 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0MSJ1, A8WR59, B8V7R6, C0HLN2, O76368, O88207, P02462, P02463, P08120, P08122, P08125, P08572, P12106, P12107, P12108, P13942, P20849, P20850, P20908, P20909, P23206, P25067, P25318, P25940, P29400, P32017, P53420, P55787, Q01955, Q03692, Q05306, Q05722, Q07643, Q0VF58, Q14031, Q14050, Q14055, Q14993, Q28083, Q28247

Diamond homologs: P02462, P02463, P08120, P08122, P08572, P17139, P17140, P27393, P29400, P53420, P55787, Q01955, Q14031, Q28084, Q28247, Q29442, Q7SIB2, Q7SIB3, Q9QZR9, Q9QZS0

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
COL4A5	up-regulates	ECM_synthesis
COL4A5	“up-regulates activity”	“A1/b1 integrin”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 40 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes	6	37.9×	2e-06

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

3508 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	625
Likely pathogenic	658
Uncertain significance	599
Likely benign	876
Benign	130

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
10453	NG_011977.2:g.(239831_242576)_(252772_257824)del	Pathogenic
10455	COL4A5, 10-15-KB INS, 40-KB DEL	Pathogenic
10456	NG_011977.2:g.(246966_251107)_?del	Pathogenic
10457	NG_011977.2:g.?_(146097_162513)del	Pathogenic
10458	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.3428G>A (p.Gly1143Asp)	Pathogenic
10462	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.1561G>T (p.Gly521Cys)	Pathogenic
10463	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.974G>A (p.Gly325Glu)	Pathogenic
10465	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.161G>A (p.Gly54Asp)	Pathogenic
1053313	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.4632G>C (p.Trp1544Cys)	Pathogenic
1066187	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.4015+2T>C	Pathogenic
1066898	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.3827G>A (p.Gly1276Asp)	Pathogenic
1069146	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.3373G>C (p.Gly1125Arg)	Pathogenic
1069768	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.2786del (p.Gly929fs)	Pathogenic
1069897	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.136G>T (p.Glu46Ter)	Pathogenic
1070099	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.2262del (p.Leu755fs)	Pathogenic
1070103	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.5023G>T (p.Gly1675Ter)	Pathogenic
1070190	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.3491G>A (p.Gly1164Asp)	Pathogenic
1070191	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.3922C>T (p.Gln1308Ter)	Pathogenic
1070192	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.4462C>T (p.Gln1488Ter)	Pathogenic
1070457	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.994C>T (p.Gln332Ter)	Pathogenic
1071493	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.2042-1G>A	Pathogenic
1072212	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.781-2A>G	Pathogenic
1072610	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.834+1G>C	Pathogenic
1072617	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.3932del (p.Pro1311fs)	Pathogenic
1072947	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.4079G>A (p.Gly1360Asp)	Pathogenic
1073029	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.67_81+1del	Pathogenic
1073034	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.1940G>T (p.Gly647Val)	Pathogenic
1073265	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.4706+2T>C	Pathogenic
1073728	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.1033-1_1033insAAATTCCCAG	Pathogenic
1073886	NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.1633G>A (p.Gly545Ser)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

6714 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:108440202:CTGCG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:108440204:GCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:108440204:GCGGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108440206:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108440207:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108440207:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:108440208:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108559058:TTGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:108559059:TGCAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:108559060:GCAGG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:108559062:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108559063:G:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:108559063:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108559063:GGGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108559154:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108563927:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:108568623:TTATA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:108568625:ATAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108568626:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:108568627:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108568627:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:108568627:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108568628:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108568628:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:108568672:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:108568672:CTGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108568673:TGTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108568674:G:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:108568674:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:108568675:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

10607 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:108692851:G:C	W1538C	1.000
X:108692851:G:T	W1538C	1.000
X:108694900:G:C	W1594C	1.000
X:108694900:G:T	W1594C	1.000
X:108696352:T:A	C1678S	1.000
X:108696353:G:C	C1678S	1.000
X:108696354:T:G	C1678W	1.000
X:108692759:A:C	S1508R	0.999
X:108692761:C:A	S1508R	0.999
X:108692761:C:G	S1508R	0.999
X:108692816:T:A	C1527S	0.999
X:108692817:G:C	C1527S	0.999
X:108692849:T:A	W1538R	0.999
X:108692849:T:C	W1538R	0.999
X:108692853:T:C	L1539P	0.999
X:108692921:A:C	S1562R	0.999
X:108692923:T:A	S1562R	0.999
X:108692923:T:G	S1562R	0.999
X:108694810:T:G	C1564W	0.999
X:108694817:T:A	C1567S	0.999
X:108694818:G:C	C1567S	0.999
X:108694874:T:A	C1586S	0.999
X:108694874:T:C	C1586R	0.999
X:108694875:G:C	C1586S	0.999
X:108694888:G:C	W1590C	0.999
X:108694888:G:T	W1590C	0.999
X:108694905:G:A	G1596D	0.999
X:108694911:C:T	S1598F	0.999
X:108695321:T:A	C1620S	0.999
X:108695321:T:C	C1620R	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000615 (X:108483806 G>A), RS1000058920 (X:108632566 G>A,C,T), RS1000063262 (X:108552613 A>G), RS1000064411 (X:108620696 C>G,T), RS1000087575 (X:108619427 C>G), RS1000089031 (X:108468972 C>G), RS1000109709 (X:108554797 G>A), RS1000136763 (X:108543584 G>A,T), RS1000151638 (X:108493198 A>T), RS1000170968 (X:108587819 G>A,C), RS1000172362 (X:108664401 A>G), RS1000180264 (X:108511849 A>G), RS1000212766 (X:108512425 T>G), RS1000213158 (X:108519501 A>G), RS1000244684 (X:108459558 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:303630 | disease phenotypes: MIM:301050, MIM:104200, MIM:606232, MIM:125000

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Alport syndrome	Definitive	X-linked
X-linked Alport syndrome	Definitive	X-linked

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Alport syndrome	Definitive	XL

Mondo (17): X-linked Alport syndrome (MONDO:0010520), Alport syndrome (MONDO:0018965), kidney disorder (MONDO:0005240), nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss (MONDO:0019497), autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (MONDO:0007086), Phelan-McDermid syndrome (MONDO:0011652), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (MONDO:0100313), hypertensive disorder (MONDO:0005044), glomerular disorder (MONDO:0019722), atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (MONDO:0016244), nephrotic syndrome (MONDO:0005377), hearing loss disorder (MONDO:0005365), proteinuria (MONDO:0003634), deafness, unilateral (MONDO:0007426), chronic kidney disease (MONDO:0005300)

Orphanet (10): Alport syndrome (Orphanet:63), X-linked Alport syndrome (Orphanet:88917), Rare non-syndromic genetic deafness (Orphanet:87884), Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (Orphanet:88918), Phelan-McDermid syndrome (Orphanet:48652), Glomerular disease (Orphanet:93548), Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (Orphanet:2134), Rare genetic deafness (Orphanet:96210), OBSOLETE: Isolated macular dystrophy (Orphanet:519302), Rare disease with thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (Orphanet:285014)

HPO phenotypes

56 total (30 of 56 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000083	Renal insufficiency
HP:0000093	Proteinuria
HP:0000100	Nephrotic syndrome
HP:0000112	Nephropathy
HP:0000123	Nephritis
HP:0000407	Sensorineural hearing impairment
HP:0000478	Abnormality of the eye
HP:0000491	Keratitis
HP:0000518	Cataract
HP:0000519	Developmental cataract
HP:0000545	Myopia
HP:0000790	Hematuria
HP:0000822	Hypertension
HP:0000829	Hypoparathyroidism
HP:0001142	Lenticonus
HP:0001417	X-linked inheritance
HP:0001423	X-linked dominant inheritance
HP:0001508	Failure to thrive
HP:0001824	Weight loss
HP:0001873	Thrombocytopenia
HP:0002013	Vomiting
HP:0002015	Dysphagia
HP:0002020	Gastroesophageal reflux
HP:0002031	Abnormal esophagus morphology
HP:0002094	Dyspnea
HP:0002205	Recurrent respiratory infections
HP:0002571	Achalasia
HP:0002907	Microscopic hematuria
HP:0003262	Anti-smooth muscle antibody positivity
HP:0003676	Progressive

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (10)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D065766	Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome	C12.050.351.968.419.936.463.500; C12.200.777.419.936.463.500; C12.950.419.936.463.500; C15.378.050.141.610.500; C15.378.140.855.925.500.500; C15.378.243.937.925.500.500
D005923	Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental	C12.050.351.968.419.570.363.640; C12.200.777.419.570.363.660; C12.950.419.570.363.640
D034381	Hearing Loss	C09.218.458.341; C10.597.751.418.341; C23.888.592.763.393.341
D006973	Hypertension	C14.907.489
D007674	Kidney Diseases	C12.050.351.968.419; C12.200.777.419; C12.950.419
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	C12.050.351.968.419.780.750.500; C12.200.777.419.780.750.500; C12.950.419.780.750.500; C23.550.291.500.906.500
D009404	Nephrotic Syndrome	C12.050.351.968.419.630.643; C12.200.777.419.630.643; C12.950.419.630.643
D011507	Proteinuria	C12.050.351.968.934.734; C12.200.777.934.734; C12.950.934.734; C23.888.942.750
C580334	Nonsyndromic Deafness (supp.)
C536801	Telomeric 22q13 Monosomy Syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2364188 (PROTEIN COMPLEX GROUP)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

44 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
selenomethylselenocysteine	increases expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
bisphenol A	affects methylation	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression, increases methylation	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	affects methylation	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	affects methylation	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Zoledronic Acid	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Calcitriol	increases expression	1
Cisplatin	affects response to substance	1
Curcumin	decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	increases expression	1
Methapyrilene	affects methylation	1
Ozone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Parabens	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

22 cell lines: 14 induced pluripotent stem cell, 4 cancer cell line, 2 conditionally immortalized cell line, 1 embryonic stem cell, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_A1WM	NCKDi001-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_A1XT	WMUi015-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_A4VC	GWCMCi002-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_A7GE	SDUBMSi007-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_A7GF	SDUBMSi008-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_A7NC	WAe009-A-58	Embryonic stem cell	Female
CVCL_B1NY	Abcam HeLa COL4A5 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_C3G4	ASP2-UPIC	Conditionally immortalized cell line	Female
CVCL_C3G5	ASP3-UPIC	Conditionally immortalized cell line	Male
CVCL_D9C9	Ubigene HEK293 COL4A5 KO	Transformed cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

299 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT05655728	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Treatment With Metformin in Chinese Children With Alport Syndrome
NCT06499948	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Albuminuria Lowering Effect of Dapagliflozin, Spironolactone and Their Combination in Adult Patients With Alport Syndrome (COMBINE-ALPORT)
NCT00067990	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angiotensin II Blockade for Chronic Allograft Nephropathy
NCT00117078	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aranesp® Monthly Preference Study - 2
NCT00117130	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of Aranesp®
NCT00132431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	START: Sensipar Treatment Algorithm to Reach K/DOQI Targets in Chronic Kidney Disease Subjects With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
NCT00140985	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antiproteinuric Efficacy of Losartan Potassium in Patients With Non-Diabetic Proteinuric Renal Diseases (0954-213)
NCT00246129	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CamTac Trial:Campath-Tacrolimus vs IL2R MoAb/Tacrolimus/MMF in Renal Transplantation
NCT00275535	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Comparison of Tacrolimus and Sirolimus Immunosuppression Based Drug Regimens in Kidney Transplant Recipients
NCT00282217	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Evaluating Sirolimus in the Treatment of Kidney Transplant
NCT00289614	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patients With Renal Impairment and Diabetes Undergoing Computed Tomography (CT)
NCT00290069	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Renal Function Optimization With Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) Immunosuppressor Regimes (ALHAMBRA)
NCT00338468	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study to Assess Disability in Anemic Elderly Patients With Kidney Disease Receiving PROCRIT (Epoetin Alfa)
NCT00368901	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-2 Clinical Study
NCT00369733	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-3 Clinical Study
NCT00369772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-1 Clinical Study
NCT00379899	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ADVANCE: Study to Evaluate Cinacalcet Plus Low Dose Vitamin D on Vascular Calcification in Subjects With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Hemodialysis
NCT00443508	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Reduction or Discontinuation of CNI’s With Conversion to Everolimus-Based Immunosuppresion
NCT00452478	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Conversion From Standard Phosphate Binder Therapy to Fosrenol® (Lanthanum Carbonate) in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5
NCT00492518	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Acetylcysteine, Theophylline, and a Combination of Both in the Prophylaxis of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
NCT00505102	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safe Renal Function In Long Term Heart Transplanted Patients
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00688480	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Do Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Reduce Both Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Patients With Renal Dysfunction?
NCT00863707	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Safety and Tolerance of Regadenoson in Subjects With Renal Impairment
NCT01101698	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Vitamin K2 and Vessel Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
NCT01150201	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aliskiren Combined With Losartan in Proteinuric, Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT01155141	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Idiopathic Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Treatment With ACTH
NCT01228279	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Sympathetic Activity in Patients With End-stage Renal Disease on Peritoneal Dialysis
NCT01334333	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Medication Adherence Between Once and Twice Daily Tacrolimus in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients
NCT01437943	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Effect of Short Term Aliskiren Treatment in Kidney Transplant Patients
NCT01545479	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Increased Renal Oxygenation and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition
NCT01614431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	N Acetyl Cysteine for Cystinosis Patients
NCT01631149	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Deep BLock on Intraoperative Surgical Conditions
NCT01722513	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Alprostadil Prevent Contrast Induced Nephropathy
NCT01985360	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ISCHEMIA-Chronic Kidney Disease Trial
NCT02311010	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Practical Use of Advagraf de Novo After Kidney Transplantation According to Recipient Genetic Polymorphism
NCT02413073	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Whole Body Vibration in Kidney Disease
NCT02444013	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Folic Acid for Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy
NCT02663713	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Randomized, Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Low Dose Ticagrelor to Clopidogrel in Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction
NCT02707809	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Microcirculation of Kidney Transplant Recipient