COX17

Summary

COX17 (cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17, HGNC:2264) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3q13.33, encoding Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone (Q14061). Copper metallochaperone involved in the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (respiratory chain complex IV, CIV). It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 86.7% of cell lines).

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be involved in the recruitment of copper to mitochondria for incorporation into the COX apoenzyme. This protein shares 92% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Cox17 proteins. This gene is no longer considered to be a candidate gene for COX deficiency. A pseudogene COX17P has been found on chromosome 13.

Source: NCBI Gene 10063 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 10 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 86.7% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005694

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2264
Approved symbol	COX17
Name	cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17
Location	3q13.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000138495
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604813
Entrez	10063

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 12 protein_coding, 3 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000261070, ENST00000468918, ENST00000484810, ENST00000486606, ENST00000490145, ENST00000497116, ENST00000497997, ENST00000896582, ENST00000896583, ENST00000896584, ENST00000896585, ENST00000911301, ENST00000911302, ENST00000911303, ENST00000911304, ENST00000958270

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_005694 NM_001382002, NM_001382003, NM_005694

CCDS: CCDS2993, CCDS93345

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000261070 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000934178	119677204	119677406
ENSE00001837763	119669532	119669665
ENSE00003509729	119675145	119675233

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 136 present calls, max score 99.19.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.2591 / max 54.2742, expressed in 112 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
44035	62.3727	1824
44033	0.2591	112

Top tissues by expression

136 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	99.19	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	99.11	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	99.06	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	99.02	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	99.02	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	99.00	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	98.98	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	98.97	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	98.96	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	98.93	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	98.91	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	98.83	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	98.80	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	98.69	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	98.65	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	98.43	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	98.32	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	98.29	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	98.28	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	98.24	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	98.23	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	98.21	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	98.19	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	98.16	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	98.16	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	98.14	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	98.14	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	98.11	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	98.08	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	98.03	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 8 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-1	yes	18.21
E-MTAB-6701	yes	16.75
E-GEOD-135922	yes	8.24
E-MTAB-7316	yes	8.11
E-HCAD-10	yes	6.28
E-CURD-10	no	359.44
E-HCAD-31	no	21.97
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NFE2L2, NRF1, SP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

16 targeting COX17, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-150-5P	99.99	66.69	1976
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-3133	99.81	70.92	3506
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-141-5P	99.57	67.86	897
HSA-MIR-12123	99.52	71.79	2990
HSA-MIR-377-3P	99.37	70.18	1905
HSA-MIR-3973	99.20	69.19	1990
HSA-MIR-628-3P	99.04	68.37	814
HSA-MIR-520G-3P	98.91	67.38	1914
HSA-MIR-520H	98.91	67.38	1914
HSA-MIR-1298-5P	95.96	64.81	573

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 86.7% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 14)

• Data imply that up-regulation of COX17 function and increased cytochrome c oxidase activity are frequent features of lung carcinogenesis. (PMID:14612491)
• The binding of copper to Cox17 is needed to activate cytochrome c oxidase by Cox17. (PMID:15504366)
• Cox17-mediated copper metallation of Sco1, as well as the subsequent failure of Cu(A) site maturation, is the basis for the inefficient assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase complex in SCO1 patients (PMID:16520371)
• Cox17 was studied with regard to its expression, purification, and formation of mixed disulfide adducts with sulfhydryl reagents. (PMID:17208454)
• XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy) determined that Cu4Cox17 contains a Cu4S6-type copper-thiolate cluster, which may provide safe storage of an excess of copper ions (PMID:17672825)
• Cu(I)HCox17(2S-S), i.e., the copper-loaded form of the protein, can transfer simultaneously copper(I) and two electrons to the human cochaperone Sco1 (HSco1) in the oxidized state, i.e., with its metal-binding cysteines forming a disulfide bond. (PMID:18458339)
• the absence of Cox17 interferes with copper delivery to Cox2, but not to Cox1. (PMID:19393246)
• Functional role of two interhelical disulfide bonds in human Cox17 protein from a structural perspective. (PMID:21816817)
• CTR1 silencing increased the protein levels of copper chaperone ATOX1 and copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1 (CCS-1), but decreased copper chaperone for cytochrome c oxidase (COX17). (PMID:24343031)
• Data suggest that Cox17 enhances the reactivity of some platinum/organoplatinum antineoplastic drugs but suppresses the reactivity of at least one platinum antineoplastic drug; glutathione modulates binding of platinum/organoplatinum drugs to Cox17. (PMID:26399480)
• Data show that the redox state of cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 17 (Cox17), mitochondrial membrane transport protein Mia40 and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in the cytoplasm were directly observed with in-cell NMR spectroscopy. (PMID:26589182)
• In addition to Atox1, the human cytoplasm also contains Cu chaperones for loading of superoxide dismutase 1 (i.e. CCS) and cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria (i.e. Cox17). [review] (PMID:26745464)
• These results collectively indicate that Cox17 might not participate in the action of these anticancer organoruthenium complexes, and further verify the distinct anticancer mechanism of the organoruthenium(II) complexes from cisplatin. (PMID:27235272)
• characterize the disorder-to-order transition of a Mia40 substrate, the human small copper chaperone Cox17 (PMID:29208936)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Cox17	ENSMUSG00000046516
rattus_norvegicus	Cox17	ENSRNOG00000076347

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone — Q14061 (reviewed: Q14061)

All UniProt accessions (4): Q14061, C9J8T6, H7C4E5, H7C5P5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Copper metallochaperone involved in the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (respiratory chain complex IV, CIV). Binds two copper ions and delivers them to metallochaperones SCO1 and SCO2, which co-chaperone the copper ions to the Cu(A) site on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2), and to metallochaperone COX11 which relays the copper to the Cu(B) site on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MT-CO1/COX1).

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with COA1. Interacts with the chaperone CHCHD4; this is important for correct folding and the formation of disulfide bonds that stabilize the structure.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous.

Post-translational modifications. Acetylation by KAT8 promotes assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (CIV).

Similarity. Belongs to the COX17 family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001368931, NP_001368932, NP_005685* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007745	Cyt_c_oxidase_Cu-chaperone	Family
IPR009069	Cys_alpha_HP_mot_SF	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF05051

UniProt features (17 total): modified residue 3, helix 3, disulfide bond 2, short sequence motif 2, binding site 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, strand 1, domain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2L0Y	SOLUTION NMR
2LGQ	SOLUTION NMR
2RN9	SOLUTION NMR
2RNB	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q14061-F1	72.62	0.07

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (2): 23; 24

Post-translational modifications (3): 30, 14, 18

Disulfide bonds (2): 26–55, 36–45

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1268020	Mitochondrial protein import
R-HSA-9864848	Complex IV assembly

MSigDB gene sets: 246 (showing top): GSE37336_LY6C_POS_VS_NEG_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_UP, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_10, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_RESPIRATORY_CHAIN_COMPLEX_IV_ASSEMBLY, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_RESPIRATORY_CHAIN_COMPLEX_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_CYTOCHROME_COMPLEX_ASSEMBLY, MORF_PPP6C, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, TIEN_INTESTINE_PROBIOTICS_24HR_UP, RYTTCCTG_ETS2_B, WONG_MITOCHONDRIA_GENE_MODULE, BURTON_ADIPOGENESIS_5, ZHAN_VARIABLE_EARLY_DIFFERENTIATION_GENES_DN

GO Biological Process (6): heart development (GO:0007507), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly (GO:0033617), generation of precursor metabolites and energy (GO:0006091), copper ion transport (GO:0006825), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), positive regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity (GO:1904960)

GO Molecular Function (6): copper ion binding (GO:0005507), enzyme activator activity (GO:0008047), copper chaperone activity (GO:0016531), cuprous ion binding (GO:1903136), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial intermembrane space (GO:0005758)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Protein localization	1
Respiratory electron transport	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
copper ion binding	2
animal organ development	1
circulatory system development	1
mitochondrion	1
respiratory chain complex IV assembly	1
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly	1
metabolic process	1
transition metal ion transport	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
cytochrome-c oxidase activity	1
positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity	1
regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity	1
transition metal ion binding	1
catalytic activity	1
enzyme regulator activity	1
molecular function activator activity	1
metallochaperone activity	1
binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
mitochondrial envelope	1
organelle envelope lumen	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1374 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
COX17	SCO1	O75880	989
COX17	COX19	Q49B96	975
COX17	SCO2	O43819	965
COX17	ATOX1	O00244	945
COX17	COX11	Q9Y6N1	935
COX17	CHCHD4	Q8N4Q1	904
COX17	MT-CO2	P00403	894
COX17	CCS	O14618	811
COX17	SURF1	Q15526	808
COX17	ATP7A	Q04656	775
COX17	ATP7B	P35670	773
COX17	SLC31A1	O15431	770
COX17	COX10	Q12887	762
COX17	COA6	Q5JTJ3	760
COX17	SLC31A2	O15432	756

IntAct

39 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
KATNAL1	COX17	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
COX17	KATNAL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
SCO1	COX17	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.660
CHCHD4	COX17	psi-mi:“MI:0945”(oxidoreductase activity electron transfer reaction)	0.560
CHCHD4	COX17	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.560
KRTAP10-8	COX17	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
COX17	SPRED1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
COX17	SCO2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
MIA40	COX17	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
HADHB	COX17	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CAPZB	ENAH	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COX17	SUOX	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
P/V	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
AIFM1	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
COX14	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
PLGRKT	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
SCO1	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
SFXN1	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
CFTR	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
HNRNPC	SBNO1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
LARP7	SBNO1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
QKI	SMCHD1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
COX17	KRTAP10-8	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
COX17	UNC119	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (75): KATNAL1 (Two-hybrid), KATNAL1 (Two-hybrid), COX17 (Co-fractionation), COX17 (Co-fractionation), COX17 (Co-fractionation), COX17 (Co-fractionation), COX17 (Co-fractionation), COX17 (Co-fractionation), COX17 (Co-fractionation), MIF (Co-fractionation), SCYL2 (Co-fractionation), TALDO1 (Co-fractionation), TBCA (Co-fractionation), COX17 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX17 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A182IRF8, A0NAZ8, A5DUN2, B0WII7, B0Y310, C4Y2J3, C4YIM0, C5DJK6, C7GRF7, O42932, O45346, O94030, P0C1D2, P0CM68, P0CM69, P34415, P56394, P81045, Q12287, Q14061, Q16LW2, Q2KHZ4, Q2USJ2, Q4P8D2, Q4R3D4, Q4WES5, Q54ID0, Q59PR9, Q5BJN5, Q5TXN1, Q63ZK1, Q6DEI8, Q6J3Q7, Q6NU12, Q6PBC3, Q717R8, Q757A5, Q7PF80, Q7S3S2, Q86BW2

Diamond homologs: P56394, P81045, Q14061, Q54ID0, Q6J3Q7, Q94FT1, Q9LJQ9, Q9P7Z7, Q12287

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

10 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	9
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1171 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:119659928:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119659929:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119659930:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119659931:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119659931:ACCGG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
3:119659932:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119659932:CCGGC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
3:119660731:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
3:119675139:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119675140:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119675141:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119675142:TACCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119675143:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
3:119675229:TGATA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:119675230:GATA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:119675232:TA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:119675233:AC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:119675234:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:119659931:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119659932:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119659932:CCGG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119660693:G:C	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119660708:T:A	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119660709:C:CA	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119675138:AGCTT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
3:119675231:ATA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
3:119676856:A:C	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119677198:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119677199:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
3:119660732:C:A	donor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

407 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:119677214:G:T	R33S	1.000
3:119677221:C:A	K30N	1.000
3:119677221:C:G	K30N	1.000
3:119675158:A:C	F61L	0.999
3:119675158:A:T	F61L	0.999
3:119675159:A:G	F61S	0.999
3:119675160:A:G	F61L	0.999
3:119675162:C:T	G60E	0.999
3:119675174:A:G	M56T	0.999
3:119675187:G:C	H52D	0.999
3:119675207:C:A	C45F	0.999
3:119675207:C:T	C45Y	0.999
3:119677210:T:A	D34V	0.999
3:119677211:C:G	D34H	0.999
3:119677214:G:A	R33C	0.999
3:119677235:A:G	C26R	0.999
3:119677240:C:T	C24Y	0.999
3:119677241:A:G	C24R	0.999
3:119677244:A:G	C23R	0.999
3:119675162:C:A	G60V	0.998
3:119675163:C:G	G60R	0.998
3:119675163:C:T	G60R	0.998
3:119675177:C:G	C55S	0.998
3:119675178:A:G	C55R	0.998
3:119675178:A:T	C55S	0.998
3:119675187:G:T	H52N	0.998
3:119675206:A:C	C45W	0.998
3:119675207:C:G	C45S	0.998
3:119675208:A:G	C45R	0.998
3:119675208:A:T	C45S	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000189096 (3:119674172 C>T), RS1000262514 (3:119667761 G>A), RS1000444989 (3:119674061 C>A,T), RS1001170133 (3:119664373 C>T), RS1001309176 (3:119673480 A>C,G), RS1001372683 (3:119663953 GAAAA>G,GAAAAA), RS1001404745 (3:119670739 T>C), RS1001532863 (3:119668716 G>A), RS1002199209 (3:119668467 A>G), RS1002329006 (3:119673313 C>T), RS1002375334 (3:119669360 G>A), RS1002580923 (3:119678230 A>G), RS1002814942 (3:119669021 TAA>T), RS1002840493 (3:119665681 A>C), RS1002993785 (3:119675700 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604813 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST011624_5	Tau burden	3.000000e-07
GCST011624_6	Tau burden	3.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004760	t-tau measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

51 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	4
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects methylation, decreases reaction	2
Copper	affects transport, affects localization	2
Doxorubicin	affects response to substance, increases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases methylation	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
lead acetate	increases expression	1
nonanal	increases methylation	1
n-hexanal	increases methylation	1
4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	increases expression, decreases reaction, affects cotreatment	1
zinc chloride	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases methylation	1
tetrathiomolybdate	decreases expression	1
caprylic aldehyde	increases methylation	1
tetraethylenepentamine	decreases expression	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
pentanal	increases methylation	1
heptanal	increases methylation	1
chromium hexavalent ion	decreases expression	1
cuprous sulfide	increases expression	1
chloropicrin	increases expression	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine	decreases expression, increases response to substance	1
Oxaliplatin	affects response to substance	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Zoledronic Acid	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.