COX18
geneOn this page
Also known as FLJ38991OXA1L2
Summary
COX18 (cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor COX18, HGNC:26801) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q13.3, encoding Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX18, mitochondrial (Q8N8Q8). Mitochondrial membrane insertase required for the translocation of the C-terminus of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 19.5% of cell lines).
This gene encodes a cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein. The encoded protein is essential for integral membrane protein insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also required for cytochrome c oxidase assembly and activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Source: NCBI Gene 285521 — RefSeq curated summary.
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 9
- Clinical variants (ClinVar): 74 total — 3 pathogenic
- Phenotypes (HPO): 57
- Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 19.5% of screened cell lines
- MANE Select transcript:
NM_001297732
Identifiers
Gene identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:26801 |
| Approved symbol | COX18 |
| Name | cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor COX18 |
| Location | 4q13.3 |
| Locus type | gene with protein product |
| Status | Approved |
| Aliases | FLJ38991, OXA1L2 |
| Ensembl gene | ENSG00000163626 |
| Ensembl biotype | protein_coding |
| OMIM | 610428 |
| Entrez | 285521 |
Gene structure
Transcript identifiers
Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 4 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined
ENST00000295890, ENST00000421792, ENST00000449739, ENST00000507544, ENST00000510031, ENST00000942827, ENST00000942828
RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001297732
NM_001297732, NM_001297733, NM_001300729, NM_173827
CCDS: CCDS3554, CCDS75139
Canonical transcript exons
ENST00000507544 — 6 exons
| Exon | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| ENSE00001218554 | 73068029 | 73068129 |
| ENSE00002046699 | 73069317 | 73069716 |
| ENSE00002420283 | 73064778 | 73064902 |
| ENSE00003464182 | 73061813 | 73061920 |
| ENSE00003504249 | 73065250 | 73065413 |
| ENSE00003902824 | 73052362 | 73058287 |
Expression profiles
Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 254 present calls, max score 91.18.
FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.6640 / max 66.4794, expressed in 1809 samples.
FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)
| Promoter ID | TPM avg | Samples expressed |
|---|---|---|
| 52464 | 14.6640 | 1809 |
Top tissues by expression
258 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):
| Tissue | Anatomy ID | Expression score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| tibia | UBERON:0000979 | 91.18 | gold quality |
| pigmented layer of retina | UBERON:0001782 | 90.98 | gold quality |
| retina | UBERON:0000966 | 90.95 | gold quality |
| jejunal mucosa | UBERON:0000399 | 88.66 | gold quality |
| oviduct epithelium | UBERON:0004804 | 88.61 | gold quality |
| oral cavity | UBERON:0000167 | 88.44 | gold quality |
| upper arm skin | UBERON:0004263 | 87.85 | gold quality |
| germinal epithelium of ovary | UBERON:0001304 | 87.82 | gold quality |
| left ventricle myocardium | UBERON:0006566 | 87.55 | gold quality |
| bronchial epithelial cell | CL:0002328 | 87.46 | gold quality |
| kidney epithelium | UBERON:0004819 | 87.27 | gold quality |
| corpus epididymis | UBERON:0004359 | 87.25 | gold quality |
| palpebral conjunctiva | UBERON:0001812 | 87.18 | gold quality |
| seminal vesicle | UBERON:0000998 | 87.06 | gold quality |
| bronchus | UBERON:0002185 | 87.05 | gold quality |
| trabecular bone tissue | UBERON:0002483 | 86.97 | gold quality |
| adult organism | UBERON:0007023 | 86.88 | gold quality |
| epithelium of nasopharynx | UBERON:0001951 | 85.99 | gold quality |
| parotid gland | UBERON:0001831 | 85.96 | gold quality |
| caput epididymis | UBERON:0004358 | 85.71 | gold quality |
| myocardium | UBERON:0002349 | 85.10 | gold quality |
| mucosa of sigmoid colon | UBERON:0004993 | 84.86 | gold quality |
| esophagus squamous epithelium | UBERON:0006920 | 84.74 | gold quality |
| colonic mucosa | UBERON:0000317 | 84.51 | gold quality |
| skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii | UBERON:0004502 | 84.02 | gold quality |
| biceps brachii | UBERON:0001507 | 83.67 | gold quality |
| epithelial cell of pancreas | CL:0000083 | 83.63 | silver quality |
| duodenum | UBERON:0002114 | 83.47 | gold quality |
| cardiac muscle of right atrium | UBERON:0003379 | 83.41 | gold quality |
| monocyte | CL:0000576 | 83.35 | gold quality |
Single-cell (SCXA)
Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.
| Experiment | Marker? | Max mean expression |
|---|---|---|
| E-ANND-3 | yes | 6.68 |
Regulation
Is transcription factor: no
miRNA regulators (miRDB)
104 targeting COX18, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):
| miRNA | Max score | Avg score | miRNA target_count |
|---|---|---|---|
| HSA-MIR-4668-3P | 100.00 | 68.74 | 2635 |
| HSA-MIR-5692A | 100.00 | 74.40 | 6850 |
| HSA-MIR-3613-3P | 100.00 | 76.36 | 7965 |
| HSA-MIR-3646 | 100.00 | 73.56 | 5283 |
| HSA-MIR-8485 | 100.00 | 77.57 | 4731 |
| HSA-MIR-371B-5P | 99.99 | 75.34 | 4759 |
| HSA-MIR-4282 | 99.99 | 75.36 | 6408 |
| HSA-MIR-4500 | 99.99 | 72.72 | 2367 |
| HSA-MIR-524-5P | 99.98 | 73.43 | 4882 |
| HSA-MIR-373-5P | 99.98 | 75.36 | 4753 |
| HSA-MIR-616-5P | 99.98 | 75.58 | 4775 |
| HSA-MIR-520D-5P | 99.98 | 73.34 | 4883 |
| HSA-MIR-5696 | 99.98 | 72.36 | 4487 |
| HSA-MIR-4482-3P | 99.98 | 72.50 | 3147 |
| HSA-MIR-548AA | 99.96 | 70.64 | 3753 |
| HSA-MIR-548AP-3P | 99.96 | 70.64 | 3753 |
| HSA-MIR-548T-3P | 99.96 | 70.64 | 3753 |
| HSA-MIR-545-3P | 99.95 | 70.74 | 2783 |
| HSA-MIR-216A-3P | 99.95 | 71.19 | 2505 |
| HSA-MIR-128-3P | 99.95 | 71.17 | 2484 |
| HSA-MIR-141-3P | 99.94 | 72.79 | 2421 |
| HSA-MIR-200A-3P | 99.94 | 72.68 | 2420 |
| HSA-MIR-9983-3P | 99.94 | 71.48 | 3631 |
| HSA-MIR-338-5P | 99.92 | 72.34 | 2951 |
| HSA-MIR-205-3P | 99.92 | 69.92 | 3165 |
| HSA-MIR-515-5P | 99.92 | 69.82 | 2343 |
| HSA-MIR-519E-5P | 99.92 | 69.62 | 2358 |
| HSA-MIR-1297 | 99.91 | 73.41 | 3162 |
| HSA-MIR-3671 | 99.90 | 73.04 | 3897 |
| HSA-MIR-3681-3P | 99.88 | 70.46 | 2254 |
Functional genomics
DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 19.5% of screened cell lines.
Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)
- Both hCox18p and hCox19p present significant amino acid identity with the corresponding yeast polypeptides and reveal highly conserved functional domains. (PMID:16212937)
- COX18 mutations may be very rare or associated with other phenotypes than isolated COX deficiency in infancy. (PMID:19373256)
- COX20 stabilizes COX2 during insertion of its N-proximal transmembrane domain, and subsequently, COX18 transiently interacts with COX2 to promote translocation across the inner membrane of the COX2 C-tail that contains the apo-CuA site. The release of COX18 from this complex coincides with the binding of the SCO1-SCO2-COA6 copper metallation module to COX2-COX20 to finalize COX2 biogenesis. (PMID:28330871)
- A biallelic variant in COX18 cause isolated Complex IV deficiency associated with neonatal encephalo-cardio-myopathy and axonal sensory neuropathy. (PMID:37468577)
Cross-species orthologs
4 orthologs
| Organism | Symbol | Gene ID |
|---|---|---|
| danio_rerio | cox18 | ENSDARG00000102463 |
| mus_musculus | Cox18 | ENSMUSG00000035505 |
| rattus_norvegicus | Cox18 | ENSRNOG00000003052 |
| drosophila_melanogaster | CG4942 | FBGN0035960 |
Paralogs (1): OXA1L (ENSG00000155463)
Protein
Protein identifiers
Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX18, mitochondrial — Q8N8Q8 (reviewed: Q8N8Q8)
Alternative names: Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 18
All UniProt accessions (2): B7ZL88, Q8N8Q8
UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →
Function. Mitochondrial membrane insertase required for the translocation of the C-terminus of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Plays a role in MT-CO2/COX2 maturation following the COX20-mediated stabilization of newly synthesized MT-CO2/COX2 protein and before the action of the metallochaperones SCO1/2. Essential for the assembly and stability of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase).
Subunit / interactions. Found in a complex with TMEM177, COA6, MT-CO2/COX2, COX20, SCO1 and SCO2. Interacts transiently with MT-CO2/COX2 during its maturation. Interacts with COX20 in a MT-CO2/COX2-dependent manner.
Subcellular location. Mitochondrion inner membrane.
Similarity. Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC family.
Isoforms (4)
| UniProt ID | Names | Canonical? |
|---|---|---|
| Q8N8Q8-1 | 1, Hs1 | yes |
| Q8N8Q8-2 | 2, Hs2 | |
| Q8N8Q8-3 | 3, Hs3 | |
| Q8N8Q8-4 | 4 |
RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001284661, NP_001284662, NP_001287658, NP_776188 (=MANE)
Domains & families (InterPro)
| ID | Name | Type |
|---|---|---|
| IPR001708 | YidC/ALB3/OXA1/COX18 | Family |
| IPR028055 | YidC/Oxa/ALB_C | Domain |
Pfam: PF02096
UniProt features (16 total): splice variant 6, topological domain 4, transmembrane region 3, transit peptide 1, chain 1, sequence conflict 1
Structure
Experimental structures (PDB)
0 structures.
Predicted structure (AlphaFold)
| Model | pLDDT | Fraction very-high |
|---|---|---|
| AF-Q8N8Q8-F1 | 83.42 | 0.68 |
Function
Pathways and Gene Ontology
Reactome pathways
1 pathways
| ID | Pathway |
|---|---|
| R-HSA-9864848 | Complex IV assembly |
MSigDB gene sets: 157 (showing top):
GOBP_RESPIRATORY_CHAIN_COMPLEX_IV_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_RESPIRATORY_CHAIN_COMPLEX_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, GOBP_CYTOCHROME_COMPLEX_ASSEMBLY, chr4q13, GOBP_INNER_MITOCHONDRIAL_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, MORI_SMALL_PRE_BII_LYMPHOCYTE_DN, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_MEMBRANE, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, WONG_MITOCHONDRIA_GENE_MODULE, GOBP_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_MITOCHONDRION, GOBP_LOCALIZATION_WITHIN_MEMBRANE, GOBP_PROTEIN_INSERTION_INTO_MEMBRANE
GO Biological Process (5): respiratory chain complex IV assembly (GO:0008535), protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane from matrix (GO:0032979), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly (GO:0033617), protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane (GO:0051204), protein insertion into membrane (GO:0051205)
GO Molecular Function (2): membrane insertase activity (GO:0032977), protein binding (GO:0005515)
GO Cellular Component (3): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), membrane (GO:0016020)
Reactome top-level categories
Rollup of top-1 pathways:
| Category | Pathways |
|---|---|
| Respiratory electron transport | 1 |
GO top-level categories
Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:
| Category | Terms |
|---|---|
| establishment of protein localization to membrane | 2 |
| cytochrome complex assembly | 1 |
| inner mitochondrial membrane organization | 1 |
| protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| respiratory chain complex IV assembly | 1 |
| mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly | 1 |
| mitochondrial membrane organization | 1 |
| protein insertion into membrane | 1 |
| establishment of localization in cell | 1 |
| protein localization to mitochondrion | 1 |
| establishment of protein localization to organelle | 1 |
| intracellular protein localization | 1 |
| membrane organization | 1 |
| protein carrier activity | 1 |
| binding | 1 |
| cytoplasm | 1 |
| intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | 1 |
| organelle inner membrane | 1 |
| mitochondrial membrane | 1 |
| cellular anatomical structure | 1 |
Protein interactions and networks
STRING
2336 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):
| Protein A | Protein B | Partner UniProt | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| COX18 | MT-CO2 | P00403 | 933 |
| COX18 | COX20 | Q5RI15 | 807 |
| COX18 | IMMT | Q16891 | 805 |
| COX18 | COX16 | Q9P0S2 | 744 |
| COX18 | SCO1 | O75880 | 702 |
| COX18 | COA6 | Q5JTJ3 | 697 |
| COX18 | COX11 | Q9Y6N1 | 675 |
| COX18 | COX15 | Q7KZN9 | 668 |
| COX18 | COX17 | Q14061 | 667 |
| COX18 | COX10 | Q12887 | 633 |
| COX18 | COX14 | Q96I36 | 625 |
| COX18 | SCO2 | O43819 | 622 |
| COX18 | PET117 | Q6UWS5 | 593 |
| COX18 | PET100 | P0DJ07 | 588 |
| COX18 | TIMM21 | Q9BVV7 | 571 |
IntAct
9 interactions, top by confidence:
| A | B | Type | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAM241A | NRP1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.530 |
| CFTR | COX18 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.370 |
| VNN2 | ATP2A1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| CHRNA4 | TMEM223 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| VNN1 | SMAD7 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| FCER1A | STX6 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| GP5 | SLC19A2 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
BioGRID (8): COX18 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX18 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX18 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX18 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX18 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX18 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX18 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX18 (PCA)
ESM2 similar proteins: A5GZW8, A6H773, A6QPI4, D3ZAW2, O14521, O75208, P09925, Q05B67, Q08BI9, Q12887, Q15070, Q15526, Q2KHV4, Q2NL34, Q3B8P0, Q3SYV3, Q3TD49, Q4KLZ1, Q5EA03, Q5G2C6, Q5PQL3, Q5R460, Q5R5H4, Q5R7D0, Q5RC29, Q5RE99, Q5T6X4, Q5XIJ4, Q5XJY4, Q5ZIS0, Q5ZLJ4, Q68FN7, Q68FT1, Q6AZR3, Q6AZV0, Q6DGM2, Q6P355, Q6PCT8, Q800L1, Q8BSF4
Diamond homologs: A1U7J4, B4RJJ2, O94587, Q5F4W6, Q5R7D0, Q8BGA9, Q8N8Q8, Q8VC74, A4W485, C4LDZ4, O13375, O43092, P0DC86, P0DC87, P65631, Q01625, Q15070, Q3SYV3, Q42191, Q5XDY9, Q73JM1, Q82YV1, Q8DN93, Q8DVX3, Q8P2P8, Q926Q5, Q97NI6, Q9M3B7, Q9SKD3
SIGNOR signaling
0 interactions.
Disease & clinical
Clinical variants and AI predictions
ClinVar
74 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):
| Classification | Count (floor) |
|---|---|
| Pathogenic | 3 |
| Likely pathogenic | 0 |
| Uncertain significance | 56 |
| Likely benign | 5 |
| Benign | 0 |
Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (3)
| Variant ID | HGVS | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| 4688185 | NM_001297732.2(COX18):c.328G>C (p.Ala110Pro) | Pathogenic |
| 4688186 | NM_001297732.2(COX18):c.893G>C (p.Arg298Pro) | Pathogenic |
| 4709507 | NM_001297732.2(COX18):c.435-6A>G | Pathogenic |
SpliceAI
1181 predictions. Top by Δscore:
| Variant | Effect | Δscore |
|---|---|---|
| 4:73061807:A:AC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73061808:C:CC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73061808:CTCA:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73061811:A:AC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73061812:C:CC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73065248:ACCTT:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 4:73065249:C:CA | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 4:73065249:CCTT:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73065409:TGAGC:T | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73065425:T:C | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73065425:T:TC | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73068554:ATT:A | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73068556:T:TA | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73068576:T:TA | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 4:73058288:C:CC | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73061808:CT:C | donor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73061916:CAAAT:C | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065276:AAATT:A | donor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065410:GAGC:G | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065411:AGC:A | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065412:GC:G | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065413:CC:C | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065414:C:CC | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065415:T:A | acceptor_loss | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065419:T:TC | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065424:G:C | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73065424:G:GC | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73068130:CTAG:C | acceptor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73068561:C:A | donor_gain | 0.9900 |
| 4:73068592:A:AC | donor_gain | 0.9900 |
AlphaMissense
2116 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:
| Variant | Protein change | am_pathogenicity |
|---|---|---|
| 4:73058258:G:C | S286R | 0.990 |
| 4:73058258:G:T | S286R | 0.990 |
| 4:73058260:T:G | S286R | 0.990 |
| 4:73065307:A:G | W181R | 0.985 |
| 4:73065307:A:T | W181R | 0.985 |
| 4:73065341:T:A | K169N | 0.983 |
| 4:73065341:T:G | K169N | 0.983 |
| 4:73065325:A:G | W175R | 0.979 |
| 4:73065325:A:T | W175R | 0.979 |
| 4:73061838:A:T | I268K | 0.978 |
| 4:73058272:A:G | W282R | 0.977 |
| 4:73058272:A:T | W282R | 0.977 |
| 4:73064858:A:G | W214R | 0.977 |
| 4:73064858:A:T | W214R | 0.977 |
| 4:73064804:C:G | G232R | 0.973 |
| 4:73061838:A:C | I268R | 0.972 |
| 4:73064803:C:T | G232D | 0.971 |
| 4:73069403:A:G | W83R | 0.971 |
| 4:73069403:A:T | W83R | 0.971 |
| 4:73061829:G:T | A271D | 0.968 |
| 4:73069406:A:G | W82R | 0.963 |
| 4:73069406:A:T | W82R | 0.963 |
| 4:73065363:C:G | R162P | 0.962 |
| 4:73065282:C:G | R189P | 0.957 |
| 4:73065353:G:C | C165W | 0.955 |
| 4:73065288:G:T | A187D | 0.952 |
| 4:73064815:G:C | P228R | 0.948 |
| 4:73065342:T:A | K169I | 0.948 |
| 4:73064793:A:C | N235K | 0.945 |
| 4:73064793:A:T | N235K | 0.945 |
dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000028337 (4:73069276 G>A,C,T), RS1000220295 (4:73069059 C>A,G,T), RS1000592815 (4:73070624 A>G), RS1000653198 (4:73070378 G>A,C), RS1000758973 (4:73051975 A>C), RS1000905965 (4:73057694 C>A,T), RS1000924886 (4:73064392 T>G), RS1000957407 (4:73058936 CTCA>C), RS1001164192 (4:73065045 G>A,T), RS1001213901 (4:73052245 C>T), RS1001379432 (4:73063316 C>A), RS1001515170 (4:73063003 T>C), RS1001537376 (4:73069727 G>A,C,T), RS1001986676 (4:73069591 G>A,T), RS1002287144 (4:73064602 C>T)
Disease associations
OMIM: gene MIM:610428 | disease phenotypes: MIM:220110, MIM:621487, MIM:621488
GenCC curated gene-disease
Mondo (4): mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 1 (MONDO:0700250), mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 25 (MONDO:0980970), charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2MM (MONDO:0980971), sensorineural hearing loss disorder (MONDO:0020678)
Orphanet (0):
HPO phenotypes
57 total (30 of 57 shown, HPO-id order):
| HPO | Term |
|---|---|
| HP:0000007 | Autosomal recessive inheritance |
| HP:0000473 | Torticollis |
| HP:0000716 | Depression |
| HP:0001263 | Global developmental delay |
| HP:0001271 | Polyneuropathy |
| HP:0001272 | Cerebellar atrophy |
| HP:0001276 | Hypertonia |
| HP:0001290 | Generalized hypotonia |
| HP:0001639 | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| HP:0001712 | Left ventricular hypertrophy |
| HP:0001716 | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
| HP:0001761 | Pes cavus |
| HP:0001765 | Hammertoe |
| HP:0002015 | Dysphagia |
| HP:0002033 | Poor suck |
| HP:0002064 | Spastic gait |
| HP:0002151 | Increased circulating lactate concentration |
| HP:0002166 | Impaired vibration sensation in the lower limbs |
| HP:0002359 | Frequent falls |
| HP:0002421 | Poor head control |
| HP:0003348 | Hyperalaninemia |
| HP:0003438 | Absent Achilles reflex |
| HP:0003487 | Babinski sign |
| HP:0003542 | Increased circulating pyruvate concentration |
| HP:0003596 | Middle age onset |
| HP:0003621 | Juvenile onset |
| HP:0003688 | Cytochrome C oxidase-negative muscle fibers |
| HP:0004696 | Talipes cavus equinovarus |
| HP:0005978 | Type II diabetes mellitus |
| HP:0006858 | Impaired distal proprioception |
GWAS associations
9 associations (top):
| Study | Trait | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| GCST001066_3 | Dialysis-related mortality | 1.000000e-06 |
| GCST001942_8 | Prostate cancer | 5.000000e-13 |
| GCST002606_10 | Prostate cancer | 2.000000e-10 |
| GCST002606_29 | Prostate cancer | 2.000000e-10 |
| GCST007836_5 | Glycine levels | 7.000000e-13 |
| GCST007838_4 | Glycine levels | 1.000000e-11 |
| GCST008839_258 | Height | 3.000000e-32 |
| GCST008839_558 | Height | 3.000000e-11 |
| GCST009391_1368 | Metabolite levels | 8.000000e-06 |
EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)
| EFO ID | Trait name |
|---|---|
| EFO:0009767 | glycine measurement |
| EFO:0010366 | lysophosphatidylethanolamine 16:0 measurement |
Drugs & pharmacology
Drug and pharmacology data
Is drug target: no
PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)
CTD chemical–gene interactions
25 total (human), top 25 by PubMed support.
| Chemical | Actions (top 5) | PubMed papers |
|---|---|---|
| Valproic Acid | affects expression, decreases expression | 2 |
| GSK-J4 | decreases expression | 1 |
| triphenyl phosphate | affects expression | 1 |
| glycidyl methacrylate | increases expression | 1 |
| sodium arsenite | decreases expression | 1 |
| butyraldehyde | decreases expression | 1 |
| di-n-butylphosphoric acid | affects expression | 1 |
| Sunitinib | decreases expression | 1 |
| Acetaminophen | decreases expression | 1 |
| Air Pollutants | affects expression, increases abundance | 1 |
| Vehicle Emissions | increases expression | 1 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | increases methylation | 1 |
| Doxorubicin | decreases expression | 1 |
| Formaldehyde | decreases expression | 1 |
| Ketoconazole | affects expression | 1 |
| Ozone | increases abundance, affects expression | 1 |
| Phenobarbital | affects expression | 1 |
| Smoke | decreases expression | 1 |
| Tobacco Smoke Pollution | decreases expression | 1 |
| Tretinoin | decreases expression | 1 |
| Urethane | decreases expression | 1 |
| Cyclosporine | decreases expression | 1 |
| Aflatoxin B1 | decreases methylation | 1 |
| Okadaic Acid | decreases expression | 1 |
| Copper Sulfate | decreases expression | 1 |
Clinical trials (associated diseases)
89 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.
| Trial | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01655212 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Congenital Cytomegalovirus: Efficacy of Antiviral Treatment in a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| NCT02005822 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Congenital Cytomegalovirus: Efficacy of Antiviral Treatment |
| NCT03374514 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Cochlear Electrical Impedance and the Effect of Topical Dexamethasone on Cochlear Implant Surgery |
| NCT02497690 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Effectiveness of Therapy Via Telemedicine Following Cochlear Implants |
| NCT03107871 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Randomized Controlled Trial of Valganciclovir for Cytomegalovirus Infected Hearing Impaired Infants |
| NCT04120116 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | FX-322 in Adults With Stable Sensorineural Hearing Loss |
| NCT05061758 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | A Trial of LY3056480 in Patients With SNLH |
| NCT07364747 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Protective Effect of Acetylcysteine Against Cisplatinum-Induced Ototoxicity: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| NCT02259595 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Study to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Profile of HPN-07 and HPN-07 Plus NAC |
| NCT02693704 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of a Binaural Spatialization Method for Hearing Aids |
| NCT02882477 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Treatment of Wolfram Syndrome Type 2 With the Chelator Deferiprone and Incretin Based Therapy |
| NCT01267994 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Clinical Trial of Anakinra for Steroid-Resistant Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease |
| NCT01902914 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Effectiveness of P02 Digital Hearing Aids |
| NCT02038972 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety of Autologous Stem Cell Infusion for Children With Acquired Hearing Loss |
| NCT02616172 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | SUSPENDED | Autologous Bone Marrow Harvest and Transplant for Sensorineural Hearing Loss |
| NCT03616223 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | FX-322 in Sensorineural Hearing Loss |
| NCT04129775 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | OTO-413 in Subjects With Speech-in-Noise Hearing Impairment |
| NCT04462198 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Phase I/IIa Study Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of an Intratympanic Dose of PIPE-505 in Subjects With Hearing Loss |
| NCT07032038 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | First In Human Randomised Trial of Rincell-1 in Adults With a Cochlear Implant |
| NCT06025097 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Intra-Tympanic Steroid With PRP Combination in Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Tinnitus. |
| NCT06707389 | EARLY_PHASE1 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Autologous Blood Monocyte Vesicles for the Treatment of Sudden Deafness |
| NCT07472023 | EARLY_PHASE1 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell-Based Interventions for Inner Ear Trauma, Tinnitus, and Sensorineural Hearing Loss |
| NCT00023036 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts |
| NCT00023049 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Disorders of Hearing and Balance |
| NCT00261768 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Digital Noise Reduction Strategies: A Hearing Aid Trial |
| NCT00589511 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Nucleus Freedom Cochlear Implant System Pediatric Post-approval Study |
| NCT00678899 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation of the Nucleus Hybrid™ L24 Cochlear Implant System |
| NCT00787189 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Study of Low Level Laser Therapy and Word Recognition in Hearing Impaired Individuals |
| NCT01184248 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Effect of Sound Stimulation on Pure-tone Hearing Threshold |
| NCT01434446 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Effect of Sound Stimulation on Hearing Ability |
| NCT01749592 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Single-sided Deafness and Cochlear Implants |
| NCT01781039 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Investigation of Anatomical Correlates of Speech Discrimination |
| NCT02082431 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Determine the Incidence of Long QT Amongst a Large Cohort of Subjects Diagnosed With Unilateral or Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss. |
| NCT02093806 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Clinical Applications of Round Window Imaging Anatomy in Cochlear Implant Surgery |
| NCT02252601 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of the High Frequency Digit Triplet Test in Cystic Fibrosis |
| NCT02584361 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Cochlear Implant and Vestibular Function. |
| NCT02638883 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Implantation of the Cochlear™ Nucleus® Hybrid S Round Window (S-RW) in Adults |
| NCT02689349 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Esteem New Subject Enrollment Post Approval Study |
| NCT02698787 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Fundamental Asynchronous Stimulus Timing Sound Coding Study |
| NCT02798783 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Registry |
Related Atlas pages
- Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): charcot-marie-tooth disease, axonal, type 2MM, mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 25, mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 1, sensorineural hearing loss disorder