CRNN

Summary

CRNN (cornulin, HGNC:1230) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q21.3, encoding Cornulin (Q9UBG3). Promotes cell proliferation, G1/S cell cycle progression and induces expression of the cell cycle regulator CCND1.

This gene encodes a member of the “fused gene” family of proteins, which contain N-terminus EF-hand domains and multiple tandem peptide repeats. The encoded protein contains two EF-hand Ca2+ binding domains in its N-terminus and two glutamine- and threonine-rich 60 amino acid repeats in its C-terminus. This gene, also known as squamous epithelial heat shock protein 53, may play a role in the mucosal/epithelial immune response and epidermal differentiation.

Source: NCBI Gene 49860 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 9
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 85 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_016190

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1230
Approved symbol	CRNN
Name	cornulin
Location	1q21.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	SEP53
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000143536
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611312
Entrez	49860

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000271835

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_016190 NM_016190

CCDS: CCDS1010

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000271835 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000960720	152412096	152412246
ENSE00001177324	152409243	152410943
ENSE00001826834	152414214	152414263

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 157 present calls, max score 99.96.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 9.3022 / max 5484.6232, expressed in 45 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
14563	9.0770	44
14564	0.2063	15
14561	0.0116	4
14562	0.0074	3

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.96	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	99.82	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	99.73	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	99.64	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	99.52	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	99.43	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	99.32	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	99.29	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	99.22	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	99.09	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	99.00	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	98.84	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	98.38	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	98.29	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	97.91	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	96.11	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	90.90	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	88.78	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	84.92	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	83.81	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	83.74	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	82.04	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	81.96	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	81.74	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	77.41	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	75.55	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	75.02	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	73.47	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	72.54	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	71.98	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-1	yes	9811.69
E-ANND-3	yes	11.34

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

18 targeting CRNN, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6755-5P	99.95	65.59	464
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-5004-5P	99.68	66.63	1294
HSA-MIR-4756-3P	99.62	66.30	1319
HSA-MIR-6740-3P	99.48	68.49	1392
HSA-MIR-1224-5P	99.48	65.59	803
HSA-MIR-329-5P	99.27	68.11	1597
HSA-MIR-1286	99.09	66.23	1046
HSA-MIR-5197-3P	98.71	67.05	1905
HSA-MIR-9500	98.62	66.54	1845
HSA-MIR-6841-3P	98.08	66.54	604
HSA-MIR-219B-5P	97.91	65.80	531
HSA-MIR-4638-3P	97.90	65.75	905
HSA-MIR-3187-3P	97.38	65.80	904
HSA-MIR-1243	97.07	65.44	719
HSA-MIR-4448	97.04	66.22	752
HSA-MIR-3654	96.43	66.55	646
HSA-MIR-3675-5P	95.90	65.80	474

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 11)

• SEP53 may be a component of the mucosal/epithelial innate immune response engaged in an ongoing interaction with a pathogen (PMID:17925851)
• Results describe the cloning of porcine SEP53, its homology to the human protein, and its expression in the esophagus and in gastric squamous epithelium. (PMID:18465210)
• CRNN mRNA expression is decreased in eczematous skin (PMID:19133922)
• Negative regulation of SIRT1 by DBC1 may retard tumorigenesis in breast tissue, so the correlation between SIRT1 and DBC1 is a potential prognostic indicator in breast cancer. (PMID:20412117)
• cornulin is an important molecule in normal esophageal pathology and is likely lost during the conversion of normal to neoplastic epithelium (PMID:22560086)
• Findings demonstrate that CRNN is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a critical tumor suppressive role in ESCC. (PMID:23894350)
• Loss of CRNN expression correlated with advanced tumor length, greater tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:24263008)
• This study showed a significant correlation between LOH/MSI at 1q21.3 with clinical outcomes and that downregulation of CRNN gene could be considered as a prognostic marker of OSCC. (PMID:25846277)
• The single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CRNN (rs941934) and RPTN (rs3001978, rs28441202) may contribute to Atopic Dermatitis development, but further studies on a larger group of Atopic Dermatitis patients are needed to verify this assumption. (PMID:28219068)
• knockdown of CRNN by small interfering RNA suppressed G1/S transition and attenuated the M5-induced proliferation. In addition, CRNN overexpression increased the phosphorylation and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt. Inactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt pathways using small interfering RNA or selective inhibitors (LY294002 and MK2206) reduced the proliferative effects of CRNN (PMID:30009832)
• Identification of Down-Expressed CRNN Associated with Cancer Progression and Poor Prognosis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (PMID:38538265)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	s100s	ENSDARG00000036773
danio_rerio	s100a10a	ENSDARG00000037425
danio_rerio	s100t	ENSDARG00000055589
mus_musculus	Crnn	ENSMUSG00000078657
rattus_norvegicus	Crnn	ENSRNOG00000008721

Paralogs (21): S100A8 (ENSG00000143546), S100A7 (ENSG00000143556), S100B (ENSG00000160307), S100A1 (ENSG00000160678), S100A11 (ENSG00000163191), S100A9 (ENSG00000163220), S100A12 (ENSG00000163221), S100P (ENSG00000163993), S100G (ENSG00000169906), S100Z (ENSG00000171643), S100A7A (ENSG00000184330), S100A3 (ENSG00000188015), S100A16 (ENSG00000188643), SNTN (ENSG00000188817), S100A13 (ENSG00000189171), S100A14 (ENSG00000189334), S100A4 (ENSG00000196154), S100A5 (ENSG00000196420), S100A2 (ENSG00000196754), S100A10 (ENSG00000197747), S100A6 (ENSG00000197956)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cornulin — Q9UBG3 (reviewed: Q9UBG3)

Alternative names: 53 kDa putative calcium-binding protein, 53 kDa squamous epithelial-induced stress protein, 58 kDa heat shock protein, Squamous epithelial heat shock protein 53, Tumor-related protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9UBG3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Promotes cell proliferation, G1/S cell cycle progression and induces expression of the cell cycle regulator CCND1. Regulates proliferation induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine response via activation of NFKB1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the basal skin layer (at protein level). Squamous epithelia cell-specific. Expressed in the esophagus (periphery of the cells of the granular and the upper spinous layers), foreskin (granular and lower cornified cells), scalp skin (granular layer), inner root sheath of the hair follicle and in primary keratinocytes (at protein level). Expressed in the squamous epithelium of the cervix, esophagus, foreskin and larynx. Expressed in the fetal bladder and scalp skin. Expressed at very low levels in the lung, kidney, uterus, skeletal muscle, heart and fetal brain. Undetectable or barely detectable in esophageal and oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with the matched adjacent normal esophageal mucosa. Undetectable or barely detectable in larynx and esophagus from patients with pH-documented laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).

Disease relevance. Esophageal cancer (ESCR) [MIM:133239] A malignancy of the esophagus. The most common types are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Cancer of the esophagus remains a devastating disease because it is usually not detected until it has progressed to an advanced incurable stage. Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. CRNN expression is increased in psoriasis patients suggesting a potential role in disease pathogenesis.

Domain organisation. The EF-hand is necessary for the colony survival activity to protect cells from death induced by exposure to DCA.

Induction. Up-regulated after heat shock, ponasterone A and deoxycholic acid. Induced in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Similarity. Belongs to the S100-fused protein family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_057274* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002048	EF_hand_dom	Domain
IPR011992	EF-hand-dom_pair	Homologous_superfamily
IPR013787	S100_Ca-bd_sub	Domain
IPR018247	EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS	Binding_site
IPR034325	S-100_dom	Domain

Pfam: PF01023

UniProt features (24 total): compositionally biased region 12, binding site 5, sequence variant 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UBG3-F1	49.45	0.14

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (5): 62; 64; 66; 68; 73

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 69 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, LFA1_Q6, GOBP_KERATINOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_CELL_CYCLE_PHASE_TRANSITION, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MOLECULAR_FUNCTION, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_3_KINASE_PROTEIN_KINASE_B_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_KERATINOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE_G1_S_PHASE_TRANSITION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE_PROCESS, GOBP_CELL_CYCLE_G1_S_PHASE_TRANSITION, TGANTCA_AP1_C, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ABIOTIC_STIMULUS

GO Biological Process (8): response to heat (GO:0009408), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation (GO:0010838), obsolete positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity (GO:0051092), regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0051896), cellular response to cytokine stimulus (GO:0071345), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609), positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition (GO:1902808)

GO Molecular Function (5): calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), transition metal ion binding (GO:0046914), calcium-dependent protein binding (GO:0048306), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), membrane (GO:0016020), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
metal ion binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
response to stress	1
response to temperature stimulus	1
gene expression	1
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	1
keratinocyte proliferation	1
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1
regulation of intracellular signal transduction	1
response to cytokine	1
cell adhesion	1
cell cycle G1/S phase transition	1
positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition	1
regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition	1
calcium ion binding	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1244 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CRNN	DEPP1	Q9NTK1	952
CRNN	TGM3	Q08188	698
CRNN	CRCT1	Q9UGL9	571
CRNN	KRT4	P19013	521
CRNN	KRTDAP	P60985	516
CRNN	TCHHL1	Q5QJ38	512
CRNN	LORICRIN	P23490	506
CRNN	SCEL	O95171	481
CRNN	KRT32	Q14532	479
CRNN	TMPRSS11B	Q86T26	474
CRNN	KPRP	Q5T749	471
CRNN	FLG	P20930	466
CRNN	SPINK5	Q9NQ38	464
CRNN	SPRR3	Q9UBC9	464
CRNN	DSG1	Q02413	453

IntAct

97 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
NOP10	DKC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.890
STIP1	CCDC117	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.770
COMMD1	VPS26C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
SNW1	AQR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.650
NSL1	NDC80	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
DCTN5	DCTN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RAP1GDS1	DIRAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
LMO4	CRNN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FTH1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FRMD1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
WDR59	EPB41L2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UCP2	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
C1orf162	KIAA1143	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NRM	ZG16B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GPN3	POLR3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KIR2DS2	RHOBTB3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NPB	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SFTA2	TBCE	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CIMAP3	PSMG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SCAMP2	SCAMP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RAG2	CRNN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
SNX15	CRNN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
B3GNT5	CRNN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
NPB	IL16	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (102): CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Synthetic Lethality), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), SSX2IP (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS), CRNN (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2VE23, A6NDE4, A6NEQ0, B3A0P1, P02672, P02674, P04279, P04474, P05995, P07186, P0C7A4, P0C7A5, P0C7P1, P0DJD3, P0DJD4, P11088, P11596, P13428, P20930, P24516, P55704, Q02383, Q10124, Q15415, Q21127, Q23935, Q24669, Q2VIS4, Q4X212, Q54T37, Q5U7M7, Q5U7M8, Q5U7M9, Q5U7N0, Q5U7N1, Q5U7N3, Q5U7N4, Q6AYN3, Q6E0U4, Q6JHY2

Diamond homologs: A6QP92, P20930, P37709, P97347, Q07283, Q2VIS4, Q5D862, Q5QJ38, Q6XPR3, Q9D3P1, Q9UBG3, A7K6Y8, A7K6Y9, O77691, O77791, P02632, P02633, P02634, P02638, P02639, P04271, P04631, P05109, P05942, P05943, P05964, P06702, P06703, P07091, P14069, P22793, P23297, P24479, P24480, P25815, P27004, P27005, P28318, P28782, P28783

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

85 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	75
Likely benign	8
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

213 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:152410941:TTT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:152410942:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:152410942:TTCTG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:152410943:TC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:152410944:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:152410944:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:152410945:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:152412247:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:152410864:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
1:152410939:GGTTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152410940:GTTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152412092:GTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
1:152412093:TA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
1:152412095:CCA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
1:152412141:C:A	donor_gain	0.9900
1:152412242:TCAAC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152412243:CAAC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152412243:CAACC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152412244:AAC:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152412245:AC:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152412245:ACC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:152412246:CC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:152412246:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:152411080:AATTG:A	donor_gain	0.9700
1:152412094:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9700
1:152412095:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9700
1:152414209:CTTA:C	donor_loss	0.9700
1:152414210:TTACC:T	donor_loss	0.9700
1:152414211:TA:T	donor_loss	0.9700
1:152412055:T:A	donor_gain	0.9600

AlphaMissense

3245 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:152412189:G:C	F15L	0.995
1:152412189:G:T	F15L	0.995
1:152412191:A:G	F15L	0.995
1:152410869:G:C	F71L	0.994
1:152410869:G:T	F71L	0.994
1:152410871:A:G	F71L	0.994
1:152410860:G:C	F74L	0.991
1:152410860:G:T	F74L	0.991
1:152410862:A:G	F74L	0.991
1:152410870:A:G	F71S	0.990
1:152412136:A:G	L33P	0.989
1:152410861:A:G	F74S	0.988
1:152412112:A:G	F41S	0.987
1:152412127:A:G	L36P	0.986
1:152410832:C:G	A84P	0.982
1:152412124:A:G	L37S	0.981
1:152412151:A:T	L28H	0.981
1:152410837:G:T	A82D	0.979
1:152412190:A:G	F15S	0.979
1:152410838:C:G	A82P	0.978
1:152410870:A:C	F71C	0.978
1:152410861:A:C	F74C	0.976
1:152410845:A:C	F79L	0.974
1:152410845:A:T	F79L	0.974
1:152410847:A:G	F79L	0.974
1:152412132:T:A	K34N	0.971
1:152412132:T:G	K34N	0.971
1:152412223:A:G	L4S	0.971
1:152410852:A:G	L77S	0.968
1:152412100:A:T	I45N	0.968

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001841905 (1:152412519 C>T), RS1002460077 (1:152413733 T>C), RS1002839986 (1:152414194 T>A), RS1002894393 (1:152414663 G>A,T), RS1002898178 (1:152414219 G>A), RS1003124119 (1:152411067 A>C), RS1003489060 (1:152412669 T>C), RS1003564747 (1:152411366 C>A,T), RS1004227898 (1:152408975 G>A,C), RS1004736408 (1:152415059 C>T), RS1005590598 (1:152412764 C>T), RS1005644332 (1:152410281 C>T), RS1005918438 (1:152414285 C>A,T), RS1006239297 (1:152411656 T>C), RS1006600955 (1:152411385 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611312 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

9 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001960_3	Eating disorders	2.000000e-06
GCST003180_3	Atopic march	9.000000e-11
GCST007563_33	Allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema)	3.000000e-11
GCST007564_24	Asthma or allergic disease (pleiotropy)	5.000000e-12
GCST008916_75	Asthma	2.000000e-08
GCST008916_82	Asthma	5.000000e-27
GCST008916_88	Asthma	1.000000e-25
GCST009798_76	Asthma	1.000000e-22
GCST012462_1	Asthma and eczema	2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007755	atopic march

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, increases expression	2
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
sodium arsenate	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
sodium arsenite	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	increases reaction, affects binding	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Aerosols	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Methotrexate	increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation	1
Asbestos, Crocidolite	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.