CRYBA4

Summary

CRYBA4 (crystallin beta A4, HGNC:2396) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q12.1, encoding Beta-crystallin A4 (P53673). Crystallins are the dominant structural components of the vertebrate eye lens.

Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene, a beta acidic group member, is part of a gene cluster with beta-B1, beta-B2, and beta-B3.

Source: NCBI Gene 1413 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): cataract 23 (Definitive, GenCC) — +2 more curated relationships
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 222 total — 8 pathogenic, 11 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 10
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001886

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2396
Approved symbol	CRYBA4
Name	crystallin beta A4
Location	22q12.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000196431
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	123631
Entrez	1413

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000354760, ENST00000466315

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001886 NM_001886

CCDS: CCDS13841

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000354760 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000651923	26623234	26623352
ENSE00001389287	26621963	26621986
ENSE00001391829	26630340	26630669
ENSE00003601915	26622585	26622635
ENSE00003680206	26625481	26625622
ENSE00003690484	26628288	26628430

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 72 present calls, max score 81.40.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.4367 / max 334.3181, expressed in 54 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
191512	0.4367	54

Top tissues by expression

206 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.40	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	72.82	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	67.98	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	67.65	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	67.59	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	66.79	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	59.40	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	56.47	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	55.75	silver quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	55.07	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	53.02	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	52.95	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	52.71	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	51.99	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	51.19	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	49.89	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	49.50	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	49.29	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	48.89	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	48.88	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	48.62	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	47.79	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	47.60	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	47.45	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	47.14	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	46.71	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	46.37	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	46.27	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	46.06	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	45.55	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8060	yes	339.29
E-ANND-3	no	1.60

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting CRYBA4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6798-5P	100.00	65.77	699
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-4306	99.72	70.50	3630
HSA-MIR-1827	99.63	68.57	3265
HSA-MIR-2113	99.58	71.22	1521
HSA-MIR-185-5P	99.35	68.60	2497
HSA-MIR-4644	99.35	69.12	2514
HSA-MIR-130A-5P	99.33	70.26	2623
HSA-MIR-4717-3P	99.06	66.34	1072
HSA-MIR-5707	96.34	66.10	89
HSA-MIR-1281	92.96	65.73	260

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• first report linking mutations in CRYBA4 to cataractogenesis and microphthalmia (PMID:16960806)
• Novel missense mutation in CRYBA4 expands mutation spectrum of CRYBA4 and provides useful information to study of molecular pathogenesis of cataract and microcornea. (PMID:20577656)
• rs2009066 located in the crystallin beta A4 (CRYBA4) gene was identified to be the most significantly associated with high myopia. (PMID:22792142)
• CRYBA4 duplication and CRYBB1 partial duplication identified in a family with autosomal dominant congenital cataract. (PMID:28272538)
• his study provides important reference value when narrowing down the number of pathogenic CRYBA4 nsSNPs and studying the pathogenesis of congenital cataracts. By using this method, we can easily find 44 high-risk pathogenic nsSNPs out of 157 CRYBA4 nsSNPs (PMID:31935276)
• A novel missense variant c.71G > T (p.Gly24Val) of the CRYBA4 gene contributes to autosomal-dominant congenital cataract in a Chinese family. (PMID:35840783)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cryba4	ENSDARG00000024548
mus_musculus	Cryba4	ENSMUSG00000066975
rattus_norvegicus	Cryba4	ENSRNOG00000049770

Paralogs (14): CRYBG3 (ENSG00000080200), CRYBB3 (ENSG00000100053), CRYBB1 (ENSG00000100122), CRYBA1 (ENSG00000108255), CRYBG1 (ENSG00000112297), CRYGD (ENSG00000118231), CRYGN (ENSG00000127377), CRYGC (ENSG00000163254), CRYBA2 (ENSG00000163499), CRYGA (ENSG00000168582), CRYBG2 (ENSG00000176092), CRYGB (ENSG00000182187), CRYGS (ENSG00000213139), CRYBB2 (ENSG00000244752)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Beta-crystallin A4 — P53673 (reviewed: P53673)

Alternative names: Beta-A4 crystallin

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A097PIJ6, P53673

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Crystallins are the dominant structural components of the vertebrate eye lens.

Subunit / interactions. Homo/heterodimer, or complexes of higher-order. The structure of beta-crystallin oligomers seems to be stabilized through interactions between the N-terminal arms.

Disease relevance. Cataract 23, multiple types (CTRCT23) [MIM:610425] An opacification of the crystalline lens of the eye that frequently results in visual impairment or blindness. Opacities vary in morphology, are often confined to a portion of the lens, and may be static or progressive. In general, the more posteriorly located and dense an opacity, the greater the impact on visual function. CTRCT23 is a zonular cataract. Zonular or lamellar cataracts are opacities, broad or narrow, usually consisting of powdery white dots affecting only certain layers or zones between the cortex and nucleus of an otherwise clear lens. The opacity may be so dense as to render the entire central region of the lens completely opaque, or so translucent that vision is hardly if at all impeded. Zonular cataracts generally do not involve the embryonic nucleus, though sometimes they involve the fetal nucleus. Usually sharply separated from a clear cortex outside them, they may have projections from their outer edges known as riders or spokes. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Domain organisation. Has a two-domain beta-structure, folded into four very similar Greek key motifs.

Similarity. Belongs to the beta/gamma-crystallin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001877* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001064	Beta/gamma_crystallin	Domain
IPR011024	G_crystallin-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050252	Beta/Gamma-Crystallin	Family

Pfam: PF00030

UniProt features (36 total): strand 13, helix 7, sequence variant 5, domain 4, turn 2, region of interest 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3LWK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P53673-F1	91.64	0.84

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-3371453	Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response
R-HSA-3371511	HSF1 activation
R-HSA-3371568	Attenuation phase
R-HSA-3371571	HSF1-dependent transactivation

MSigDB gene sets: 102 (showing top): MORF_RAGE, MODULE_45, MODULE_16, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP, MODULE_205, MORF_FANCG, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_LIGHT_STIMULUS, MORF_PML, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, MORF_IKBKG, GOBP_SENSORY_ORGAN_DEVELOPMENT, MODULE_18, MODULE_60, MORF_MT4, GOBP_LENS_DEVELOPMENT_IN_CAMERA_TYPE_EYE

GO Biological Process (3): lens development in camera-type eye (GO:0002088), visual perception (GO:0007601), camera-type eye development (GO:0043010)

GO Molecular Function (3): structural constituent of eye lens (GO:0005212), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (0):

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Cellular response to heat stress	3
HSF1-dependent transactivation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
camera-type eye development	1
anatomical structure development	1
sensory perception of light stimulus	1
eye development	1
structural molecule activity	1
protein binding	1
binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

503 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CRYBA4	CRYAA	P02489	878
CRYBA4	CRYAB	P02511	808
CRYBA4	GJA3	Q9Y6H8	761
CRYBA4	GJA8	P48165	758
CRYBA4	BFSP1	Q12934	748
CRYBA4	BFSP2	Q13515	734
CRYBA4	LIM2	P55344	675
CRYBA4	TMEM114	B3SHH9	640
CRYBA4	PITX3	O75364	633
CRYBA4	HSF4	Q9ULV5	630
CRYBA4	CHMP4B	Q9H444	626
CRYBA4	GRIFIN	A4D1Z8	625
CRYBA4	FOXE3	Q13461	593
CRYBA4	LGSN	Q5TDP6	586
CRYBA4	MIP	P30301	553

IntAct

56 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CEP76	CRYBA4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
CRYBA4	CEP76	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
CRYBA4	CRYBB1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.730
CRYBA4	CRYBB1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.730
CRYBA4	CRYBB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
CRYBB1	CRYBA4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.730
CRYBA4	CRYBA4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.630
CRYBA4	CRYBA4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.630
CRYBA4	IKZF3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	FHL5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	TRIP6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	C1orf94	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	GLI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	EFEMP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	CCDC33	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	STX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CRYBA4	MIF4GD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (42): CEP76 (Two-hybrid), C1orf94 (Two-hybrid), CCDC33 (Two-hybrid), CEP76 (Two-hybrid), EFEMP1 (Two-hybrid), FHL5 (Two-hybrid), GLI1 (Two-hybrid), IKZF3 (Two-hybrid), MIF4GD (Two-hybrid), PRR22 (Two-hybrid), STX11 (Two-hybrid), TRIP6 (Two-hybrid), EML5 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RBP4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2IBY7, A3RLD7, A3RLD8, A3RLE1, A4L9I8, O35486, P02527, P02528, P02529, P02530, P02531, P04342, P04344, P04345, P06504, P07315, P07316, P07320, P08209, P0C5E9, P10065, P10066, P10067, P10068, P10112, P11844, P22914, P23005, P26444, P48646, P48647, P48649, P49152, P53673, P55164, P55940, P55941, Q03740, Q06254, Q06255

Diamond homologs: A2IBH5, A2IBY7, A2ICR5, A3RLD7, A3RLD8, A3RLE1, A3RLE2, A4L9I8, A4L9I9, A4QNB6, D3ZEG1, F6Q2R9, O35486, P02522, P02523, P02524, P02525, P02526, P02527, P02528, P02529, P02530, P02531, P04342, P04344, P04345, P05813, P06504, P07315, P07316, P07317, P07318, P07320, P07530, P08209, P0C5E9, P10042, P10043, P10065, P10066

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 18 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
visual perception	5	26.5×	5e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

222 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	8
Likely pathogenic	11
Uncertain significance	105
Likely benign	48
Benign	31

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (19)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
16946	NM_001886.3(CRYBA4):c.281T>C (p.Phe94Ser)	Pathogenic
16947	NM_001886.3(CRYBA4):c.206T>C (p.Leu69Pro)	Pathogenic
427575	NM_001886.3(CRYBA4):c.190G>T (p.Gly64Trp)	Pathogenic
427749	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.387C>A (p.Ser129Arg)	Pathogenic
4796486	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.576-637_587del	Pathogenic
4796487	NM_001886.3(CRYBA4):c.220T>C (p.Tyr74His)	Pathogenic
574493	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.585del (p.Tyr196fs)	Pathogenic
8687	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.658G>T (p.Gly220Ter)	Pathogenic
1176010	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.211G>A (p.Gly71Ser)	Likely pathogenic
1343240	NM_001886.3(CRYBA4):c.277T>C (p.Ser93Pro)	Likely pathogenic
1679950	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.419G>C (p.Arg140Pro)	Likely pathogenic
217329	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.368G>A (p.Arg123His)	Likely pathogenic
2737022	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.698G>A (p.Arg233His)	Likely pathogenic
3065113	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.2T>A (p.Met1Lys)	Likely pathogenic
3587868	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.387C>G (p.Ser129Arg)	Likely pathogenic
369847	hg19chr22:g.26995597_27074524dup	Likely pathogenic
3779548	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.482del (p.Gly161fs)	Likely pathogenic
4085351	NM_001887.4(CRYBB1):c.601_604del (p.Tyr201fs)	Likely pathogenic
965311	NM_001886.3(CRYBA4):c.198_200del (p.Gln66_Tyr67delinsHis)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

523 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
22:26623226:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:26623342:C:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26623348:GGAGC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26623349:GAGCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26623351:GC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26623353:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26625623:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628283:TGTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:26628284:GTA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:26628285:TAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:26628286:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:26628287:G:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:26628287:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:26628287:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:26628287:GAAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:26628287:GAACC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:26628347:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628390:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628399:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628402:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628426:GGGGC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628427:GGGC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628427:GGGCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628428:GGC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628428:GGCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628429:GC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628429:GCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26628431:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:26630335:TCCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:26630337:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1283 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
22:26625482:T:A	W54R	0.993
22:26625482:T:C	W54R	0.993
22:26625491:T:C	F57L	0.992
22:26625493:T:A	F57L	0.992
22:26625493:T:G	F57L	0.992
22:26625603:T:C	F94S	0.991
22:26630464:A:C	S190R	0.991
22:26630465:G:T	S190I	0.991
22:26630466:C:A	S190R	0.991
22:26630466:C:G	S190R	0.991
22:26630341:T:A	W149R	0.990
22:26630341:T:C	W149R	0.990
22:26630471:G:C	R192P	0.989
22:26625489:G:A	G56D	0.988
22:26628315:T:C	F110L	0.986
22:26628317:C:A	F110L	0.986
22:26628317:C:G	F110L	0.986
22:26630347:T:C	C151R	0.986
22:26630475:G:C	R193S	0.985
22:26630475:G:T	R193S	0.985
22:26625606:G:C	R95P	0.984
22:26630431:T:A	W179R	0.984
22:26630431:T:C	W179R	0.984
22:26625488:G:C	G56R	0.983
22:26625542:T:G	Y74D	0.983
22:26628418:T:A	V144D	0.983
22:26630349:C:G	C151W	0.982
22:26630372:G:A	G159E	0.981
22:26630474:G:T	R193M	0.981
22:26623330:T:C	S46P	0.980

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000021247 (22:26630371 G>A), RS1000065306 (22:26621333 T>C), RS1000106932 (22:26607990 C>A,G,T), RS1000142670 (22:26589581 C>T), RS1000196878 (22:26589736 C>A), RS1000307065 (22:26612508 CCCA>C), RS1000330419 (22:26595326 C>A,T), RS1000342443 (22:26623624 T>C), RS1000396697 (22:26630436 C>A), RS1000431288 (22:26595533 C>G,T), RS1000473720 (22:26589264 C>T), RS1000489042 (22:26611486 G>T), RS1000612265 (22:26613604 A>G), RS1000643517 (22:26613849 CA>C), RS1000675947 (22:26619852 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:123631 | disease phenotypes: MIM:610425, MIM:611544, MIM:601371

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
cataract 23	Definitive	Autosomal dominant
cataract - microcornea syndrome	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
early-onset lamellar cataract	Supportive	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (5): cataract 23 (MONDO:0012489), cataract 17 multiple types (MONDO:0012688), early-onset non-syndromic cataract (MONDO:0011060), cataract - microcornea syndrome (MONDO:0015300), early-onset lamellar cataract (MONDO:0018611)

Orphanet (1): Early onset non-syndromic cataract (Orphanet:91492)

HPO phenotypes

10 total (10 of 10 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000482	Microcornea
HP:0000518	Cataract
HP:0000545	Myopia
HP:0000612	Iris coloboma
HP:0000639	Nystagmus
HP:0001131	Corneal dystrophy
HP:0007957	Corneal opacity
HP:0007971	Lamellar cataract
HP:0100018	Nuclear cataract

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C538287	Cataract microcornea syndrome (supp.)
C566923	Cataract, Congenital Nuclear, Autosomal Recessive 3 (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

16 total (human), top 16 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression, affects expression, increases methylation	8
mercuric bromide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
belinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Hydralazine	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.