CST4

Summary

CST4 (cystatin S, HGNC:2476) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 20p11.21, encoding Cystatin-S (P01036). This protein strongly inhibits papain and ficin, partially inhibits stem bromelain and bovine cathepsin C, but does not inhibit porcine cathepsin B or clostripain.

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a type 2 salivary cysteine peptidase inhibitor. The protein is an S-type cystatin, based on its high level of expression in saliva, tears and seminal plasma. The specific role in these fluids is unclear but antibacterial and antiviral activity is present, consistent with a protective function.

Source: NCBI Gene 1472 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 40 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001899

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2476
Approved symbol	CST4
Name	cystatin S
Location	20p11.21
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000101441
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	123857
Entrez	1472

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000217423

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001899 NM_001899

CCDS: CCDS13159

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000217423 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001638329	23687088	23687201
ENSE00001651330	23688742	23689038
ENSE00001906687	23685640	23685977

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 76 present calls, max score 95.48.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.8724 / max 1190.2326, expressed in 6 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (10 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
186728	0.2154	4
186723	0.1886	2
186721	0.1185	2
186729	0.1148	2
186724	0.0990	3
186725	0.0649	2
186722	0.0332	3
186727	0.0169	2
186730	0.0118	2
186726	0.0094	2

Top tissues by expression

216 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	95.48	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	94.40	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	92.05	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	87.66	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	82.54	silver quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	81.04	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	80.59	silver quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	77.17	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	74.11	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	72.45	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	71.87	silver quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	71.58	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	71.34	silver quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	71.33	silver quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	71.29	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	70.76	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	70.29	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	70.11	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	70.03	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	69.99	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	69.89	silver quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	69.77	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	69.63	silver quality
sperm	CL:0000019	69.62	silver quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	69.52	silver quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	68.61	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	68.51	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	68.01	silver quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	67.94	silver quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	67.85	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7008	yes	476.58
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CTNNB1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

17 targeting CST4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6825-5P	99.96	69.81	3431
HSA-MIR-4447	99.85	67.81	2900
HSA-MIR-6756-5P	99.82	67.97	2466
HSA-MIR-6842-5P	99.80	67.54	1587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P	99.80	67.84	1712
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-6766-5P	99.68	67.70	2325
HSA-MIR-452-5P	99.65	69.63	1762
HSA-MIR-4676-3P	99.65	69.31	1733
HSA-MIR-892C-3P	99.65	69.38	1745
HSA-MIR-6715B-5P	99.64	69.63	1420
HSA-MIR-4663	99.62	65.33	957
HSA-MIR-4472	99.56	66.08	1478
HSA-MIR-4269	99.55	69.89	1373
HSA-MIR-302F	98.44	69.02	1776
HSA-MIR-4483	98.09	64.12	1642
HSA-MIR-1293	96.16	64.69	916

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• Findings suggest the mechanism of inhibition of SAP-1 (an N-terminal truncated form of cystatin S) for different proteases. (PMID:24261636)
• Prognostic value of immune-related cells and genes in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer, especially CST4. (PMID:33811900)
• The Diagnosis Significance of Serum Cysteine Protease Inhibitors (CST4) in Colorectal Cancer. (PMID:37122229)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	si:busm1-57f23.1	ENSDARG00000074425
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000534
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000535
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00023486

Paralogs (11): CST7 (ENSG00000077984), CST9L (ENSG00000101435), CST3 (ENSG00000101439), CST8 (ENSG00000125815), CSTL1 (ENSG00000125823), CST11 (ENSG00000125831), CST5 (ENSG00000170367), CST2 (ENSG00000170369), CST1 (ENSG00000170373), CST9 (ENSG00000173335), CST6 (ENSG00000175315)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cystatin-S — P01036 (reviewed: P01036)

Alternative names: Cystatin-4, Cystatin-SA-III, Salivary acidic protein 1

All UniProt accessions (1): P01036

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. This protein strongly inhibits papain and ficin, partially inhibits stem bromelain and bovine cathepsin C, but does not inhibit porcine cathepsin B or clostripain. Papain is inhibited non-competitively.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in submandibular and sublingual saliva but not in parotid saliva (at protein level). Expressed in saliva, tears, urine and seminal fluid.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated at both its N- and C-terminal regions.

Similarity. Belongs to the cystatin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001890* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000010	Cystatin_dom	Domain
IPR018073	Prot_inh_cystat_CS	Conserved_site
IPR046350	Cystatin_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00031

UniProt features (11 total): modified residue 2, disulfide bond 2, sequence variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, short sequence motif 1, site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P01036-F1	90.01	0.74

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 32 (reactive site)

Post-translational modifications (2): 21, 23

Disulfide bonds (2): 94–104, 118–138

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 53 (showing top): GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEOLYSIS, DITTMER_PTHLH_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, VETTER_TARGETS_OF_PRKCA_AND_ETS1_DN, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEOLYSIS, VECCHI_GASTRIC_CANCER_ADVANCED_VS_EARLY_UP, GOBP_PROTEOLYSIS, GOMF_PEPTIDASE_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY, chr20p11, GOMF_ENZYME_INHIBITOR_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (2): detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0001580), negative regulation of proteolysis (GO:0045861)

GO Molecular Function (3): cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity (GO:0004869), protein binding (GO:0005515), peptidase inhibitor activity (GO:0030414)

GO Cellular Component (5): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), vesicle (GO:0031982), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste	1
sensory perception of bitter taste	1
proteolysis	1
regulation of proteolysis	1
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	1
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	1
endopeptidase inhibitor activity	1
binding	1
enzyme inhibitor activity	1
peptidase activity	1
peptidase regulator activity	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

767 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CST4	LCN1	P31025	891
CST4	CTSS	P25774	881
CST4	MUC5B	Q9HC84	842
CST4	CTSB	P07858	783
CST4	STATH	P02808	773
CST4	AMY1B	P04745	762
CST4	HTN1	P15515	737
CST4	MUC7	Q8TAX7	724
CST4	CSTB	P04080	712
CST4	PIP	P12273	682
CST4	CA6	P23280	681
CST4	CSTA	P01040	677
CST4	AZGP1	P25311	673
CST4	AMY2B	P19961	640
CST4	AMY2A	P04746	639

IntAct

119 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SNAPC1	SNAPC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.740
TADA3	TADA2A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.740
COMMD1	VPS26C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
UQCRQ	COX7A2L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ACTR3	ARPC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
FKBP5	IKBKB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
CST4	UBQLN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FTH1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FRMD1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DDX31	IGLL5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CST1	CTSV	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HBM	SCGB2A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
B3GALNT1	DUSP14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RHOBTB1	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TSFM	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UCP2	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GTF2B	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PLEKHG6	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZNF491	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UBTD2	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GKN1	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SNRPF	SNRPGP15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KIR2DS2	RHOBTB3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (134): CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0K0IP23, A0A1S3PBB7, B2Z450, E3P6N3, E3P6N4, E3P6N5, E3P6N6, E3P6N7, E3P6N8, E3P6N9, E3P6P0, E3P6P1, E3P6P2, E3P6P3, E3P6P4, J3RYX9, J3SE80, O60676, O88969, O97862, P01036, P01037, P01038, P01048, P08932, P08935, P09228, P19313, P28325, P32766, P33046, P35481, P49928, P49929, P49930, P54229, P54230, P81714, Q15828, Q2XXN5

Diamond homologs: B1P1J3, E3P6N3, E3P6N4, E3P6N5, E3P6N6, E3P6N7, E3P6N8, E3P6N9, E3P6P0, E3P6P1, E3P6P2, E3P6P3, E3P6P4, J3RYX9, J3SE80, O19092, O19093, O97862, P01034, P01035, P01036, P01037, P01038, P08935, P09228, P0DXA0, P14841, P19313, P21460, P28325, P31726, P35481, P81061, P81714, P90698, Q10993, Q15828, Q2XXN5, Q41916, Q6QZV5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

40 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	27
Likely benign	6
Benign	6

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

429 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
20:23685978:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:23685980:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:23688788:T:C	donor_gain	1.0000
20:23685973:TGTTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23685975:TTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23685976:TT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23685977:TC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:23685978:C:CG	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:23685979:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:23685980:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687083:CGTA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
20:23687084:GTACC:G	donor_loss	0.9900
20:23687085:TACCT:T	donor_loss	0.9900
20:23687086:A:T	donor_loss	0.9900
20:23687087:CCT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
20:23687087:CCTT:C	donor_gain	0.9900
20:23687197:AAGGT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687198:AGGT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687199:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687199:GGTC:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:23687200:GT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687201:TCTGC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:23687202:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687202:CTGCA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:23687203:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:23687205:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687207:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687209:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23687210:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:23688737:CCCA:C	donor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

921 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
20:23685960:G:C	F120L	0.961
20:23685960:G:T	F120L	0.961
20:23685962:A:G	F120L	0.961
20:23685961:A:C	F120C	0.959
20:23688820:G:C	F50L	0.959
20:23688820:G:T	F50L	0.959
20:23688822:A:G	F50L	0.959
20:23685939:C:A	W127C	0.951
20:23685939:C:G	W127C	0.951
20:23685967:C:G	C118S	0.950
20:23685968:A:T	C118S	0.950
20:23687149:C:G	C94S	0.940
20:23687150:A:T	C94S	0.940
20:23687113:A:C	F106C	0.939
20:23688818:G:T	A51D	0.933
20:23687155:G:A	T92I	0.931
20:23685907:C:G	C138S	0.929
20:23685908:A:T	C138S	0.929
20:23687112:G:C	F106L	0.912
20:23687112:G:T	F106L	0.912
20:23687114:A:G	F106L	0.912
20:23687150:A:G	C94R	0.912
20:23688802:G:C	N56K	0.908
20:23688802:G:T	N56K	0.908
20:23687149:C:T	C94Y	0.904
20:23688821:A:C	F50C	0.904
20:23688803:T:A	N56I	0.898
20:23687119:C:G	C104S	0.895
20:23687120:A:T	C104S	0.895
20:23685968:A:G	C118R	0.893

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000247380 (20:23687336 C>A,T), RS1001248815 (20:23686615 C>A,T), RS1001314195 (20:23686497 C>A,T), RS1001399541 (20:23690693 T>A,G), RS1001870637 (20:23690537 T>G), RS1002246523 (20:23685818 C>A,T), RS1002318535 (20:23685660 G>C,T), RS1002806742 (20:23689807 T>A), RS1003883641 (20:23688692 C>G,T), RS1004774710 (20:23686087 C>A,G), RS1005371813 (20:23685280 G>A,C), RS1005478482 (20:23689045 C>T), RS1005857196 (20:23685146 G>GTC), RS1005888518 (20:23687957 G>C), RS1006486553 (20:23688210 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:123857 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): primary ovarian failure (MONDO:0005387)

Orphanet (1): NON RARE IN EUROPE: Primary ovarian failure (Orphanet:619)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000649_20	Chronic kidney disease	2.000000e-138
GCST002406_2	Plasma cystastin c levels in acute coronary syndrome	4.000000e-07
GCST006585_2644	Blood protein levels	2.000000e-31

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004617	cystatin C measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D016649	Primary Ovarian Insufficiency	C12.050.351.500.056.630.750; C12.100.250.056.630.750; C19.391.630.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases methylation	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
potassium persulfate	increases expression	1
mercuric bromide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
nutlin 3	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Resveratrol	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Azacitidine	increases expression	1
Camptothecin	increases expression	1
Coal	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Dactinomycin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	increases expression	1
Hydralazine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Progesterone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Smoke	increases abundance, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

75 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00417066	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Flexible GnRH Antagonist vs Flare up GnRH Agonist Protocol in Poor Responders
NCT00732693	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Physiologic and Standard Sex Steroid Replacement Regimens in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00837616	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Estrogen Dosing in Turner Syndrome: Pharmacology and Metabolism
NCT01853501	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of ADSC Therapy in Women With POF
NCT02783937	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Filgrastim for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT03535480	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Ovarian Transplantation to Restore Ovarian Function in Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00140998	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Estrogen Treatment (Oral vs. Patches) in Turner Syndrome
NCT00001951	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Hormone Replacement in Young Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00370019	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Effects of an Estrogen Replacement Therapy Skin Patch on Ovulation in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00429494	PHASE2	COMPLETED	GnRH Analogue for Ovarian Function Preservation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients
NCT03816852	PHASE2	SUSPENDED	The Safety and Efficiency Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (19#iSCLife®-POI) in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT04536467	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure With Goserelin in Premenopausal Lymphoma Patients
NCT06117982	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Impact of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT02912104	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Therapeutic Trial of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Transplantation for Primary Ovarian Failure
NCT03178695	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Inovium Ovarian Rejuvenation Trials
NCT04815213	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Use of Expandeded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) in Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) in Adult Humans
NCT05138367	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Effects of UCA-PSCs in Women With POF
NCT06132542	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Autologous ADMSC Transplantation in Patients With POI
NCT00948857	PHASE2/PHASE3	TERMINATED	Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Treatment and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)
NCT04031456	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Autologous PRP Infusion May Restore Ovarian Function and May Promote Folliculogenesis in POI Patients
NCT02043743	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Autologous Stem Cells Transplantation in Patients With Idiopathic and Drug Induced Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT02062931	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation In Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT02151890	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Pregnancy After Stem Cell Transplantation in Premature Ovarian Failure
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