CTNNA1

Summary

CTNNA1 (catenin alpha 1, HGNC:2509) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q31.2, encoding Catenin alpha-1 (P35221). Associates with the cytoplasmic domain of a variety of cadherins. It is haploinsufficient (ClinGen: sufficient evidence).

This gene encodes a member of the catenin family of proteins that play an important role in cell adhesion process by connecting cadherins located on the plasma membrane to the actin filaments inside the cell. The encoded mechanosensing protein contains three vinculin homology domains and undergoes conformational changes in response to cytoskeletal tension, resulting in the reconfiguration of cadherin-actin filament connections. Certain mutations in this gene cause butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy.

Source: NCBI Gene 1495 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): CTNNA1-related diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome (Definitive, ClinGen) — +3 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 3,635 total — 190 pathogenic, 43 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 8
• Druggable target: yes
• Cancer driver (intOGen): activating (oncogene-like) across 2 cancer types
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency sufficient evidence, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001903

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2509
Approved symbol	CTNNA1
Name	catenin alpha 1
Location	5q31.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CAP102
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000044115
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	116805
Entrez	1495

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 91 — 74 protein_coding, 7 retained_intron, 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 5 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000302763, ENST00000517533, ENST00000517534, ENST00000517656, ENST00000517904, ENST00000517980, ENST00000518263, ENST00000518381, ENST00000518585, ENST00000518825, ENST00000518910, ENST00000518919, ENST00000519113, ENST00000519116, ENST00000519309, ENST00000519489, ENST00000519634, ENST00000519768, ENST00000520158, ENST00000520260, ENST00000520339, ENST00000520400, ENST00000520520, ENST00000520522, ENST00000520865, ENST00000521368, ENST00000521387, ENST00000521640, ENST00000521683, ENST00000521724, ENST00000521941, ENST00000522013, ENST00000522052, ENST00000522227, ENST00000522730, ENST00000522792, ENST00000523275, ENST00000523298, ENST00000523685, ENST00000523912, ENST00000524127, ENST00000524292, ENST00000540387, ENST00000627109, ENST00000889697, ENST00000889698, ENST00000889699, ENST00000889700, ENST00000889701, ENST00000889702, ENST00000889703, ENST00000889704, ENST00000889705, ENST00000889706, ENST00000889707, ENST00000889708, ENST00000889709, ENST00000889710, ENST00000889711, ENST00000889712, ENST00000889713, ENST00000889714, ENST00000889715, ENST00000889716, ENST00000889717, ENST00000889718, ENST00000930309, ENST00000930310, ENST00000930311, ENST00000930312, ENST00000930313, ENST00000930314, ENST00000965845, ENST00000965846, ENST00000965847, ENST00000965848, ENST00000965849, ENST00000965850, ENST00000965851, ENST00000965852, ENST00000965853, ENST00000965854, ENST00000965855, ENST00000965856, ENST00000965857, ENST00000965858, ENST00000965859, ENST00000965860, ENST00000965861, ENST00000965862, ENST00000965863

RefSeq mRNA: 37 — MANE Select: NM_001903 NM_001290307, NM_001290309, NM_001290310, NM_001290312, NM_001323982, NM_001323983, NM_001323984, NM_001323985, NM_001323986, NM_001323987, NM_001323988, NM_001323989, NM_001323990, NM_001323991, NM_001323992, NM_001323993, NM_001323994, NM_001323995, NM_001323996, NM_001323997, NM_001323998, NM_001323999, NM_001324000, NM_001324001, NM_001324002, NM_001324003, NM_001324004, NM_001324005, NM_001324006, NM_001324007, NM_001324008, NM_001324009, NM_001324010, NM_001324011, NM_001324012, NM_001324013, NM_001903

CCDS: CCDS34243, CCDS75315, CCDS78064

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000302763 — 18 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002108433	138753425	138753510
ENSE00002108708	138933802	138935034
ENSE00003475022	138887490	138887642
ENSE00003480945	138781923	138782029
ENSE00003515286	138930473	138930654
ENSE00003527073	138886212	138886292
ENSE00003572213	138812183	138812302
ENSE00003576257	138917742	138917898
ENSE00003596703	138925256	138925407
ENSE00003600527	138783177	138783372
ENSE00003601387	138932578	138932712
ENSE00003613458	138904349	138904441
ENSE00003614555	138827515	138827718
ENSE00003615885	138929246	138929356
ENSE00003620126	138930830	138930935
ENSE00003648114	138924510	138924710
ENSE00003666705	138824530	138824799
ENSE00003784019	138810038	138810204

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 305 present calls, max score 99.38.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 143.4330 / max 1817.1032, expressed in 1815 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
58801	125.6828	1815
58802	15.6424	1681
58805	2.0566	150
58803	0.0298	8
58804	0.0214	5

Top tissues by expression

305 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	99.38	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	99.34	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	99.17	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	99.13	gold quality
peripheral nervous system	UBERON:0000010	99.11	gold quality
nerve	UBERON:0001021	99.11	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	99.11	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	99.11	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	99.09	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	99.06	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	99.02	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.00	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	98.99	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	98.98	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	98.97	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	98.97	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	98.96	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	98.95	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	98.94	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	98.94	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	98.93	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	98.90	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	98.85	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	98.84	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	98.84	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	98.83	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	98.81	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	98.81	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	98.81	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	98.79	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-11	yes	22.64
E-MTAB-5061	yes	6.23
E-MTAB-6058	no	517.23
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPA, EGR1, RCOR2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

73 targeting CTNNA1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-450A-1-3P	100.00	69.33	1837
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-433-3P	99.98	69.37	1203
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-141-3P	99.94	72.79	2421
HSA-MIR-200A-3P	99.94	72.68	2420
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-548E-5P	99.89	72.73	4486
HSA-MIR-6124	99.87	69.78	3551
HSA-MIR-579-3P	99.86	71.66	3628
HSA-MIR-4503	99.85	71.45	1869
HSA-MIR-664B-3P	99.84	71.65	3590
HSA-MIR-4307	99.82	70.45	3374
HSA-MIR-6739-5P	99.80	67.87	2806
HSA-MIR-139-5P	99.80	69.50	1399
HSA-MIR-4668-5P	99.79	70.58	3782
HSA-MIR-548AG	99.77	69.25	1492
HSA-MIR-6733-5P	99.74	67.94	2759
HSA-MIR-4719	99.73	72.10	3329
HSA-MIR-548AI	99.69	69.24	1494
HSA-MIR-548BA	99.69	69.14	1514
HSA-MIR-570-5P	99.69	69.24	1494

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 3 (sufficient evidence), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Abnormal E-cadherin and alpha-catenin and beta-catenin in pancreatic carcinoma tissues. Abnormal E-cadherin and alpha-catenin with differentiation, lymph node and liver metastases. Aberrant beta-catenin with lymph node and liver metastases. (PMID:12532469)
• Pancreatic cancer likely occurs in case of the inactivation of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin genes and abnormal expression of proteins (PMID:14599963)
• alpha-catenin has a role in cell growth control in three-dimensional culture (PMID:14755240)
• Allelic imbalance occurs at two distinct regions of which one includes the CTNNA1 gene in ovarian cancer. (PMID:15297182)
• Our results suggest that alpha-catenin links CCR5 and CXCR4 to the cytoskeleton and is involved in the organization of these receptors at the membrane, thereby possibly affecting HIV-1 infection. (PMID:15541354)
• ubiquitin-independent degradation of alpha-catenin regulates beta-catenin signaling and maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of articular chondrocytes (PMID:15695815)
• Loss of expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth correlated significantly with poor prognosis (PMID:15916880)
• Downregulation of alpha-catenin expression is common in gastric carcinoma (PMID:15948257)
• These results indicate that the interaction of alpha-catenin and actin functions in the assembly of desmosomes in epithelial cells. (PMID:16273278)
• Cdc42 regulates AJ permeability by controlling the binding of alpha-catenin with beta-catenin and the consequent interaction of the VE-cadherin/catenin complex with the actin cytoskeleton. (PMID:16322481)
• Direct attachment of alpha-catenin to F-actin is required to promote cadherin-mediated contact formation and strong cell-cell adhesive states. (PMID:16798615)
• The expression of alpha-catenin was significantly lower in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group of pituitary adenoma. (PMID:16927799)
• we explored the implication of three proteins (E-cadherin, a- and b-catenins) that form the cadherin-catenin complex, a receptorial structure strictly involved in tumoral vascular invasion and embolization in this biologic event (PMID:17576040)
• The previously reported characteristics of this mutation, E-cadherin (V832M) do not apply to human epithelial cells expressing this mutant protein. (PMID:17668349)
• prognostic and chemosensitivity marker for invasive bladder cancer (PMID:17760743)
• removal of N-glycans on E-cadherin resulted in elevated tyrosine phosphorylation level of beta-catenin and reduced beta- and alpha-catenins at adherens junctions (PMID:17979184)
• These results suggest induction of SRF-mediated transcription by alpha(E)-catenin either downstream of RhoA or via a parallel pathway. (PMID:18078809)
• Rsults suggest that the lower epithelial alpha-catenin, E-cadherin and (or) ZO-1 expression in patients with atopic asthma contributes to a defective airway epithelial barrier and a higher influx of eosinophils in the epithelium. (PMID:18418437)
• This study reveals for the first time that alpha-catenin is a key regulator of beta-catenin transcriptional activity and that the status of alpha-catenin expression in tumor tissues might have prognostic value for Src targeted therapy (PMID:18566211)
• The mean values of the percentage of positive cells for the tested proteins between E-AD vs. AD did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference except for alpha-catenin. (PMID:19124205)
• loss of alpha-catenin alone drastically reduces the adhesive force between individual cadherin pairs on adjoining cells, explain the global loss of cell adhesion in human breast cancer cells (PMID:19458087)
• increased E-cadherin and alpha-catenin expression and reduced Wnt signaling might be involved in the mechanisms of tumor suppressor function of BCSC-1. (PMID:19656157)
• This study identifies the E-cadherin/catenin complex as a discriminative, partly polyamine-regulated feature of IL-4/IL-13-exposed alternatively activated macrophages (PMID:19726720)
• Loss of alpha-catenin resulted in increased in vitro tumorigenic characteristics (increased soft agarose colony formation, clonogenic survival after suspension, and survival in suspension). (PMID:19745064)
• 4 biallelic inactivating alpha-catenin mutations were found among 55 human breast cancer cell lines. All caused premature termination. Loss of alpha-catenin protein expression was associated with the lobular subtype in primary breast cancers. (PMID:19763817)
• an interaction of CAR and alpha-catenin mediates the impact of CAR on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and morphology. (PMID:19773761)
• Methylation and inactivation of CTNNA1 is associated with advanced myeloid malignancies. (PMID:19826047)
• results show that the association of alpha-catenin with the cadherin-catenin complex is required for efficient leukocyte transendothelial migration (PMID:19918298)
• The EGFR-ERK-CK2-mediated phosphorylation of alpha-catenin promotes beta-catenin transactivation and tumor cell invasion. (PMID:19941816)
• Data show that actin bundle formation and subsequent linkage between actin bundles and VE-cadherin through alpha- and beta-catenins are important for the stabilization of VE-cadherin at the cell-cell contacts in cAMP-Epac-Rap1 signal-activated cells. (PMID:20032304)
• An evolutionarily conserved PTEN-C/EBPalpha-CTNNA1 axis controls myeloid development and transformation. (PMID:20371743)
• The E-cadherin-catenin complex is the factor indicative of metastasis and disease progression in gastric cancer. (PMID:20529814)
• The study objective was to assess changes in the expressions of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin proteins in pancreatic duct carcinoma in correlation with clinicopathological parameters, lymph node involvement and distant metastases. (PMID:20529828)
• Data show that E-cadherin and alpha-catenin were predominantly expressed in the cell membranes, whereas beta- and gamma-catenin were found both in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. (PMID:20933443)
• These results suggest that JNK affects the association of alpha-catenin with the adherens junction complex and regulates adherens junctions. (PMID:21030692)
• study presents evidence that in the cadherin-catenin complex alpha-catenin contributes to the binding strength of another catenin, p120, to the same complex; data suggest alpha-catenin-p120 contact within the cadherin-catenin complex can regulate cadherin trafficking (PMID:21937720)
• Report loss of CTNNA1 as lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast progresses to more invasive lesions. (PMID:22080244)
• Data demonstrate that the expression of alpha-E-catenin is increased by Sec6 siRNAs, and E-cadherin and beta-catenin localize mainly at the cell-cell contact region in HSC3 cells, which were transfected with Sec6 siRNA. (PMID:22381337)
• A discrete trimeric complex of beta-catenin, alpha-catenin and the tumor suppressor APC, forms in the cytoplasm in response to Wnt signaling. (PMID:22469663)
• binding studies suggest that vinculin must be in an activated state to bind to alpha-catenin and that this interaction is stabilized by the formation of a ternary alpha-catenin-vinculin-F-actin complex, which can be formed via the F-actin binding domain (PMID:22493458)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ctnna1	ENSDARG00000102441
mus_musculus	Ctnna1	ENSMUSG00000037815
rattus_norvegicus	Ctnna1	ENSRNOG00000005796
drosophila_melanogaster	alpha-Cat	FBGN0010215
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001978

Paralogs (4): VCL (ENSG00000035403), CTNNA2 (ENSG00000066032), CTNNAL1 (ENSG00000119326), CTNNA3 (ENSG00000183230)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Catenin alpha-1 — P35221 (reviewed: P35221)

Alternative names: Alpha E-catenin, Cadherin-associated protein, Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-13

All UniProt accessions (30): A0A087WZL6, A0A384MDY0, P35221, E5RFG3, E5RFK9, E5RFM3, E5RFM5, E5RG03, E5RGD2, E5RGG4, E5RGS1, E5RGU3, E5RGY6, E5RGY7, E5RHJ5, E5RHR7, E5RHV7, E5RHY5, E5RIB1, E5RIE0, E5RIT8, E5RJ41, E5RJ43, E5RJC9, E5RJL0, E5RJP7, E5RJZ2, G3XAM7, H0YB54, H0YBB8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Associates with the cytoplasmic domain of a variety of cadherins. The association of catenins to cadherins produces a complex which is linked to the actin filament network, and which seems to be of primary importance for cadherins cell-adhesion properties. Can associate with both E- and N-cadherins. Originally believed to be a stable component of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes and to mediate the linkage of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions. In contrast, cortical actin was found to be much more dynamic than E-cadherin/catenin complexes and CTNNA1 was shown not to bind to F-actin when assembled in the complex suggesting a different linkage between actin and adherens junctions components. The homodimeric form may regulate actin filament assembly and inhibit actin branching by competing with the Arp2/3 complex for binding to actin filaments. Involved in the regulation of WWTR1/TAZ, YAP1 and TGFB1-dependent SMAD2 and SMAD3 nuclear accumulation. May play a crucial role in cell differentiation.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer and homodimer; the monomer preferentially binds to CTNNB1 and the homodimer to actin. Component of an cadherin:catenin adhesion complex composed of at least of CDH26, beta-catenin/CTNNB1, alpha-catenin/CTNNA1 and p120 catenin/CTNND1. Possible component of an E-cadherin/ catenin adhesion complex together with E-cadherin/CDH1 and beta-catenin/CTNNB1 or gamma-catenin/JUP; the complex is located to adherens junctions. The stable association of CTNNA1 is controversial as CTNNA1 was shown not to bind to F-actin when assembled in the complex. Alternatively, the CTNNA1-containing complex may be linked to F-actin by other proteins such as LIMA1. Binds AFDN and F-actin. Interacts with ARHGAP21. Interacts with AJUBA. Interacts with LIMA1. Interacts with vinculin/VCL. Interacts with TJP2/ZO2 (via N-terminus). Interacts with TJP1/ZO1 (via N-terminus).

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Cell junction. Adherens junction. Cell membrane. Nucleus Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues. Abundantly expressed in brain and cerebellum, also expressed in the placenta, liver, lung, colon, heart, pancreas, stomach and thymus.

Post-translational modifications. Sumoylated. Phosphorylation seems to contribute to the strength of cell-cell adhesion rather than to the basic capacity for cell-cell adhesion.

Disease relevance. Germline CTNNA1 truncating mutations have been detected in patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and may play a role in disease susceptibility. Diffuse gastric cancer is a malignant disease characterized by poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions resulting in thickening of the stomach. Malignant tumors start in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. Macular dystrophy, patterned, 2 (MDPT2) [MIM:608970] A form of retinal patterned dystrophy, a heterogeneous group of macular disorders caused by abnormal accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium. Lipofuscin distribution can show various shapes that define different types of macular dystrophy, including reticular (fishnet-like) dystrophy, macroreticular (spider-shaped) dystrophy and butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy. MDPT2 is an autosomal dominant form characterized by bilateral accumulation of pigment in the macular area that resembles the wings of a butterfly. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous. Expressed at high levels in the nervous system. Lacks the beta-catenin interaction domain.

Similarity. Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P35221-1	1, CTNNA1a	yes
P35221-2	2
P35221-3	3, CTNNA1b

RefSeq proteins (37): NP_001277236, NP_001277238, NP_001277239, NP_001277241, NP_001310911, NP_001310912, NP_001310913, NP_001310914, NP_001310915, NP_001310916, NP_001310917, NP_001310918, NP_001310919, NP_001310920, NP_001310921, NP_001310922, NP_001310923, NP_001310924, NP_001310925, NP_001310926, NP_001310927, NP_001310928, NP_001310929, NP_001310930, NP_001310931, NP_001310932, NP_001310933, NP_001310934, NP_001310935, NP_001310936, NP_001310937, NP_001310938, NP_001310939, NP_001310940, NP_001310941, NP_001310942, NP_001894* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000633	Vinculin_CS	Conserved_site
IPR001033	Alpha_catenin	Family
IPR006077	Vinculin/catenin	Family
IPR036723	Alpha-catenin/vinculin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF01044

UniProt features (78 total): helix 22, sequence conflict 14, modified residue 12, sequence variant 6, turn 5, region of interest 4, mutagenesis site 4, strand 3, cross-link 2, splice variant 2, compositionally biased region 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

10 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6V2O	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.27
6V2P	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.3
9BL4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.75
9BL3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
9BL2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
1H6G	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2
4EHP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.66
7UTJ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.77
6UPV	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
4IGG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.66

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P35221-F1	83.01	0.55

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (14): 268, 295, 297, 634, 641, 645, 652, 655, 658, 851, 57, 797, 2, 264

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4):

Position	Phenotype
641	abolishes phosphorylation by ck2. no effect on phosphorylation by ck1.
641	enhances phosphorylation by ck1.
652–658	abolishes phosphorylation by ck1. no effect on phosphorylation by ck2.
652	abolishes phosphorylation by ck1.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

11 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-418990	Adherens junctions interactions
R-HSA-5218920	VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability
R-HSA-525793	Myogenesis
R-HSA-5626467	RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs
R-HSA-9762292	Regulation of CDH11 function
R-HSA-9764302	Regulation of CDH19 Expression and Function
R-HSA-9764561	Regulation of CDH1 Function
R-HSA-9766229	Degradation of CDH1
R-HSA-9833576	CDH11 homotypic and heterotypic interactions
R-HSA-9958810	SRC activates STAT3 in a quantitative manner, through Cadherin-11 (CDH11), RAC1 and gp130 (IL6ST)
R-HSA-9958825	Activation of STAT3 by cadherin engagement

MSigDB gene sets: 476 (showing top): GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OR_MAINTENANCE_OF_CELL_POLARITY, KAAB_FAILED_HEART_ATRIUM_DN, BASSO_B_LYMPHOCYTE_NETWORK, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_APICAL_JUNCTION_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_REGENERATION, GOBP_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, MITSIADES_RESPONSE_TO_APLIDIN_DN, WEIGEL_OXIDATIVE_STRESS_BY_TBH_AND_H2O2, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, KEGG_TIGHT_JUNCTION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_AXON_INJURY

GO Biological Process (29): ovarian follicle development (GO:0001541), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), establishment or maintenance of cell polarity (GO:0007163), smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0007224), integrin-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0007229), neuroblast proliferation (GO:0007405), negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation (GO:0007406), intracellular protein localization (GO:0008104), male gonad development (GO:0008584), gap junction assembly (GO:0016264), cell migration (GO:0016477), axon regeneration (GO:0031103), odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth (GO:0042475), apical junction assembly (GO:0043297), response to estrogen (GO:0043627), positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0045880), cellular response to indole-3-methanol (GO:0071681), epithelial cell-cell adhesion (GO:0090136), extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand (GO:0097192), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609), negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus (GO:1900181), negative regulation of cell motility (GO:2000146), negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway (GO:2001045), negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand (GO:2001240), positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand (GO:2001241), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), cell motility (GO:0048870)

GO Molecular Function (11): RNA binding (GO:0003723), structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013), vinculin binding (GO:0017166), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), gamma-catenin binding (GO:0045295), cadherin binding (GO:0045296), actin filament binding (GO:0051015), protein binding (GO:0005515), cytoskeletal protein binding (GO:0008092), protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877)

GO Cellular Component (23): acrosomal vesicle (GO:0001669), nucleus (GO:0005634), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell-cell junction (GO:0005911), adherens junction (GO:0005912), zonula adherens (GO:0005915), focal adhesion (GO:0005925), intercalated disc (GO:0014704), actin cytoskeleton (GO:0015629), catenin complex (GO:0016342), flotillin complex (GO:0016600), lamellipodium (GO:0030027), cell junction (GO:0030054), sperm midpiece (GO:0097225), sperm principal piece (GO:0097228), sperm head-tail coupling apparatus (GO:0120212), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), membrane (GO:0016020), anchoring junction (GO:0070161), plasma membrane protein complex (GO:0098797)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-11 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Cell-cell junction organization	1
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway	1
Developmental Biology	1
RHO GTPase Effectors	1
Regulation of CDH11 Expression and Function	1
Regulation of Expression and Function of Type II Classical Cadherins	1
Regulation of CDH1 Expression and Function	1
Regulation of CDH1 Function	1
Regulation of CDH11 function	1
Activation of STAT3 by cadherin engagement	1
Adherens junctions interactions	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	6
protein binding	4
cellular process	2
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	2
cell-cell junction assembly	2
binding	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
cytoplasm	2
plasma membrane protein complex	2
sperm flagellum	2
female gonad development	1
anatomical structure development	1
generation of neurons	1
neural precursor cell proliferation	1
neuroblast proliferation	1
negative regulation of neurogenesis	1
regulation of neuroblast proliferation	1
negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	1
macromolecule localization	1
gonad development	1
development of primary male sexual characteristics	1
cell motility	1
neuron projection regeneration	1
response to axon injury	1
axon development	1
odontogenesis	1
response to hormone	1
smoothened signaling pathway	1
regulation of smoothened signaling pathway	1
positive regulation of signal transduction	1
response to indole-3-methanol	1
cellular response to alcohol	1
cellular response to nitrogen compound	1
cell-cell adhesion	1
signal transduction in absence of ligand	1
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	1
cell adhesion	1
nucleic acid binding	1
molecular_function	1
cytoskeletal protein binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2252 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CTNNA1	CTNNB1	P35222	997
CTNNA1	CDH1	P12830	979
CTNNA1	CDH17	Q12864	964
CTNNA1	CTNND1	O60716	964
CTNNA1	CDH2	P19022	801
CTNNA1	TJP1	Q07157	761
CTNNA1	LRRTM2	O43300	730
CTNNA1	CDH6	P55285	720
CTNNA1	IQGAP1	P46940	702
CTNNA1	CDH15	P55291	695
CTNNA1	LRATD2	Q96KN1	693
CTNNA1	CDH3	P22223	692
CTNNA1	AFDN	P55196	691
CTNNA1	LIMA1	Q9UHB6	669
CTNNA1	CTNND2	Q9UQB3	657

IntAct

364 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CTNNB1	CTNNA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.890
CDH1	CTNNA1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.800
CDH1	CTNNA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.800
CTNNA1	CDH1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.800
CTNNBIP1	APC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.740
CDH1	CTNND1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
EGFR	CTNNA1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.730
CTNNA1	EGFR	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.730
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
VCP	UBXN8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.690
TAX1BP3	ARVCF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.690
CTNNA1	JUP	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.640
CTNNA1	APC	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.640
CTNNA1	CTNNA1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.620
CTNNB1	JUP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
CTNNA1	NFKBIA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.580

BioGRID (512): CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Biochemical Activity), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CTNNB1 (Co-fractionation), DMD (Co-fractionation), JUP (Co-fractionation), CTNNA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTNNA1 (Reconstituted Complex), CTNNA1 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A3B6UES5, A0A3G2LGI8, D3ZHV2, G8JYB2, O46037, O60437, P0CE94, P0CE95, P11533, P12003, P18206, P19826, P26039, P26231, P26234, P30427, P33338, P35220, P35221, P54939, P85972, P90947, Q02328, Q03001, Q04615, Q15149, Q17162, Q3MHM6, Q54K81, Q54MH2, Q59I72, Q64727, Q6ZWR6, Q71LX4, Q8MSU4, Q91ZU6, Q95XZ0, Q9ERE8, Q9H1K6, Q9MBF8

Diamond homologs: A4IGI7, B7ZC77, P26231, P26232, P30997, P35220, P35221, P90947, Q04615, Q3MHM6, Q59I72, Q5R416, Q61301, Q65CL1, Q6GLP0, Q9PVF8, Q9UI47, O88327, Q5RC06, Q9UBT7, A0A3B6UES5, O46037, P12003, P18206, P19826, P26234, P85972, Q17162, Q54MH2, Q64727

SIGNOR signaling

5 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
PTPN11	down-regulates	CTNNA1	dephosphorylation
CSNK2A1	down-regulates	CTNNA1	phosphorylation
CTNNA1	down-regulates	YAP1	binding
CDH1	up-regulates	CTNNA1	binding
CDH11	unknown	CTNNA1	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 171 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Adherens junctions interactions	9	17.9×	1e-06
Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants	7	17.8×	3e-05
MAP2K and MAPK activation	7	16.0×	5e-05
Signaling by RAF1 mutants	7	15.6×	5e-05
Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants	7	14.2×	5e-05
Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF	7	14.2×	5e-05
Signaling downstream of RAS mutants	7	14.2×	5e-05
RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs	5	13.8×	1e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
adherens junction organization	7	24.1×	6e-06
cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin	8	22.2×	2e-06
calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion	5	16.3×	2e-03
cell-cell junction assembly	5	15.0×	3e-03
regulation of neuron projection development	5	14.6×	3e-03
cell morphogenesis	10	10.6×	1e-05
canonical Wnt signaling pathway	10	10.3×	1e-05
MAPK cascade	9	9.3×	1e-04

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

From intOGen — cancer-driver classification: activating (oncogene-like) across 2 cancer types — CEAD, COADREAD.

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

3635 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	190
Likely pathogenic	43
Uncertain significance	1738
Likely benign	1065
Benign	80

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1000045	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.2181_2184del (p.Asp728fs)	Pathogenic
1000847	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.100dup (p.Thr34fs)	Pathogenic
1011394	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.919del (p.Glu307fs)	Pathogenic
1013834	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1548del (p.Asn517fs)	Pathogenic
1020564	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.648del (p.Asn217fs)	Pathogenic
1021478	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.511C>T (p.Gln171Ter)	Pathogenic
1022142	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1033C>T (p.Gln345Ter)	Pathogenic
1025313	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.229del (p.Asp77fs)	Pathogenic
1035877	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.737dup (p.Gln247fs)	Pathogenic
1038840	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1969C>T (p.Gln657Ter)	Pathogenic
1042674	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1479del (p.Lys493fs)	Pathogenic
1046228	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1544C>G (p.Ser515Ter)	Pathogenic
1051089	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.292C>T (p.Arg98Ter)	Pathogenic
1059771	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.616C>T (p.Gln206Ter)	Pathogenic
1064101	NC_000005.9:g.(?138253421)(138253597_?)del	Pathogenic
1352946	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.199C>T (p.Gln67Ter)	Pathogenic
1356510	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.479dup (p.Ile161fs)	Pathogenic
1366961	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.2320C>T (p.Gln774Ter)	Pathogenic
1373875	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.313A>T (p.Lys105Ter)	Pathogenic
1393445	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1461dup (p.Lys488Ter)	Pathogenic
1405949	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1441del (p.Gln481fs)	Pathogenic
1416783	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.86del (p.Leu29fs)	Pathogenic
1425345	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.68dup (p.Ala24fs)	Pathogenic
1429789	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1387C>T (p.Gln463Ter)	Pathogenic
1435131	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1117A>T (p.Lys373Ter)	Pathogenic
1441992	NC_000005.9:g.(?138117614)(138119071_?)del	Pathogenic
1469682	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.2186_2187del (p.Phe729fs)	Pathogenic
1472837	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.151_152del (p.Lys51fs)	Pathogenic
1475146	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.531T>G (p.Tyr177Ter)	Pathogenic
1479337	NM_001903.5(CTNNA1):c.1674dup (p.Glu559fs)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

3969 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
5:138781921:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138781922:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138781922:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138781922:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138781922:GAAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138781922:GAAAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138782027:CAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138782027:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
5:138782030:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
5:138782030:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138782031:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
5:138783371:AG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138783372:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138783373:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
5:138783373:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138810031:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810033:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810036:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810036:A:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:138810036:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810036:AGGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810037:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810037:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810037:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810037:GGTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810037:GGTGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:138810200:AAGTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138810202:GTT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138810203:TT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
5:138810205:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5999 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
5:138781961:T:A	W13R	1.000
5:138781961:T:C	W13R	1.000
5:138781983:T:C	I20T	1.000
5:138781983:T:G	I20S	1.000
5:138781989:C:T	T22I	1.000
5:138781998:T:A	V25D	1.000
5:138782007:T:C	L28P	1.000
5:138782010:T:C	L29S	1.000
5:138782010:T:G	L29W	1.000
5:138782019:T:A	L32H	1.000
5:138782019:T:C	L32P	1.000
5:138782022:T:A	V33D	1.000
5:138783187:T:A	L39H	1.000
5:138783187:T:C	L39P	1.000
5:138783265:T:A	V65D	1.000
5:138783273:G:C	A68P	1.000
5:138783286:T:C	F72S	1.000
5:138783297:G:A	G76R	1.000
5:138783297:G:C	G76R	1.000
5:138783297:G:T	G76W	1.000
5:138783298:G:A	G76E	1.000
5:138810067:T:C	F111L	1.000
5:138810068:T:C	F111S	1.000
5:138810068:T:G	F111C	1.000
5:138810069:C:A	F111L	1.000
5:138810069:C:G	F111L	1.000
5:138810118:G:C	A128P	1.000
5:138810119:C:A	A128D	1.000
5:138810131:T:A	L132H	1.000
5:138810131:T:C	L132P	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000014476 (5:138814764 T>G), RS1000048609 (5:138814401 G>A), RS1000081336 (5:138852019 G>A), RS1000132696 (5:138870732 A>G), RS1000138614 (5:138802277 C>T), RS1000140136 (5:138873394 A>G), RS1000171708 (5:138779593 C>T), RS1000175958 (5:138900243 G>A,T), RS1000185378 (5:138871019 G>A,C), RS1000197839 (5:138865419 C>T), RS1000241753 (5:138752555 G>C), RS1000281973 (5:138758131 C>A,T), RS1000287975 (5:138769986 A>T), RS1000292215 (5:138825951 T>C), RS1000295856 (5:138928144 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:116805 | disease phenotypes: MIM:608970, MIM:601228, MIM:120435, MIM:123100, MIM:114500, MIM:181500, MIM:135700

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
patterned macular dystrophy 2	Definitive	Autosomal dominant
CTNNA1-related diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome	Definitive	Autosomal dominant
patterned macular dystrophy	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer	No Known Disease Relationship	Unknown

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (2)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
CTNNA1-related diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome	Definitive	AD
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer	No Known Disease Relationship	AD

Mondo (13): hereditary neoplastic syndrome (MONDO:0015356), patterned macular dystrophy 2 (MONDO:0012162), hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (MONDO:0007648), inherited retinal dystrophy (MONDO:0019118), polyposis syndrome, hereditary mixed, 1 (MONDO:0042486), hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (MONDO:0018630), craniosynostosis (MONDO:0015469), colorectal cancer (MONDO:0005575), schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090), CTNNA1-related diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome (MONDO:0100256), congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (MONDO:0007614), hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome (MONDO:0003582), patterned macular dystrophy (MONDO:0020381)

Orphanet (11): Inherited cancer-predisposing syndrome (Orphanet:140162), Butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy (Orphanet:99001), Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (Orphanet:26106), OBSOLETE: Inherited retinal disorder (Orphanet:71862), Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (Orphanet:157794), Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (Orphanet:443909), Craniosynostosis (Orphanet:1531), Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (Orphanet:45358), Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome (Orphanet:145), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Colorectal cancer (Orphanet:466667), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Schizophrenia (Orphanet:3140)

HPO phenotypes

8 total (10 of 8 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0003596	Middle age onset
HP:0003621	Juvenile onset
HP:0007663	Reduced visual acuity
HP:0007963	Pattern dystrophy of the retina
HP:0008001	Foveal hyperpigmentation
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0011510	Drusen
HP:0000556	Retinal dystrophy
HP:0100753	Schizophrenia

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002539_60	Schizophrenia	5.000000e-09
GCST007325_152	General risk tolerance (MTAG)	6.000000e-12
GCST007325_42	General risk tolerance (MTAG)	5.000000e-08
GCST010725_68	Malaria	4.000000e-07
GCST010725_7	Malaria	2.000000e-06
GCST012490_297	Femur bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction	8.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008579	risk-taking behaviour
EFO:0004531	urate measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (5)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D003398	Craniosynostoses	C05.116.099.370.894.232; C05.660.207.240; C05.660.906.364; C16.131.621.207.240; C16.131.621.906.364
D061325	Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome	C04.588.180.483; C04.588.322.455.431; C04.700.517; C12.050.351.500.056.630.705.431; C12.050.351.937.418.685.431; C12.100.250.056.630.705.431; C12.900.418.685.431; C16.320.700.517; C17.800.090.500.483; C19.344.410.431; C19.391.630.705.431
D009386	Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary	C04.700; C16.320.700
D058499	Retinal Dystrophies	C11.768.585.658
C580012	congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4295748 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
7.28	Kd	52.44	nM	CHEMBL5653589
7.28	ED50	52.77	nM	CHEMBL5653589

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 3 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2148169: Binding affinity to human CTNNA1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	0.0524	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

69 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases methylation, increases expression	4
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation	4
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression	3
sodium bichromate	decreases expression	2
ochratoxin A	increases expression	2
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance	2
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance	2
Methotrexate	increases expression, decreases expression	2
Ozone	increases oxidation, increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Quercetin	decreases phosphorylation, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression, affects expression	2
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
geldanamycin	increases expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide	increases expression	1
deoxynivalenol	decreases expression	1
tributyltin	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	decreases expression	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
methylmercury II	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
taraxasterol	increases expression	1
K 7174	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

2 unique, capped per target: 2 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4119001	Binding	Binding affinity to CTNNA1 in human NCI-H358 cells at 1 uM by mass spectrometry based pull down assay	Studies of TAK1-centered polypharmacology with novel covalent TAK1 inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_1Y05	DLD-1/alpha-cat cell	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D9CL	Ubigene HEK293 CTNNA1 KO	Transformed cell line	Female
CVCL_SK10	HAP1 CTNNA1 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_XN00	HAP1 CTNNA1 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

266 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00722436	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Tranexamic Acid for Craniofacial Surgery
NCT02188576	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Efficacy and Population Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid for Craniosynostosis Surgery
NCT00114829	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Preoperative Assessment of Colon Tumor
NCT00114842	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Magnetic Resonance (MR) Colonography With Fecal Tagging
NCT00114946	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study to Compare Two Avastin-Based Treatment Regimens for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00122720	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Darbepoetin Upon Rehabilitation for Colorectal Cancer Surgery
NCT00129870	PHASE4	TERMINATED	CONCEPT: Comparison of Oxaliplatin vs Conventional Methods With Calcium/Magnesium in First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00138060	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Toxicity/Benefit Ratio Optimization of Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients by Determination of Individual Genotypic Determinants
NCT00216424	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Capecitabine (Xeloda) and Radiation for Patients With Rectosigmoid Carcinoma
NCT00327093	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Elaboration of a Model for Predicting Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies (Cetuximab and Bevacizumab) in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases
NCT00332943	PHASE4	COMPLETED	MR Colonography With Fecal Tagging. Barium vs. BariumFerumoxsil
NCT00441311	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dissemination of Colorectal Cancer Screening to Primary Care Physicians
NCT00460837	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Comparison of Bowel Preparation in Virtual Colonoscopy (VC) - Patient Experience
NCT00473980	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients
NCT00488904	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Postoperative Complications After Colorectal Surgery
NCT00496678	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Trial of Patient Navigation-Activation
NCT00502671	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Xeloda (Capecitabine) as Adjuvant Monotherapy in Patients With Colon Cancer.
NCT00559676	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00577031	PHASE4	COMPLETED	OBELIX Study: A Study of Avastin (Bevacizumab) in Combination With XELOX in Patients With Metastatic Cancer of the Colon or Rectum.
NCT00626054	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Two Methods of Administration of a PEG Solution
NCT00812864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic Study of Capecitabine in Elderly Cancer Patient (≥ 75 Years)
NCT00868569	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Transhepatic Arterial Chemotherapy (TAC) Versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Plus Folfox4 as the Treatment of Unresectable Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer
NCT00868816	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Oxaliplatine Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer: 8 Cycles Versus 12 Cycles
NCT00874406	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Preoperative Transhepatic Arterial Chemotherapy (TAC) in the Treatment of Liver Metastasis of Resectable Colorectal Cancer
NCT00928928	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Oxidative Stress Markers in Open and Laparoscopic Colectomy for Cancer
NCT00942461	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Inflammatory Response in Laparoscopic and Open Colectomy
NCT01023633	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	OPTIMOX1 in Chinese mCRC Patients
NCT01271582	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Investigation of Association Between UGT1A1 Polymorphisms and Irinotecan Toxicity in Korean Patients
NCT01315990	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	FOLFIRI in Combination With Cetuximab in the First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Including a Regular Dermal Prophylaxis to Prevent Acneiforme Follicular Exanthema
NCT01493713	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Correlation Between RECIST, Morphologic Response by CT- Histopathologic Response in Hepatic Metastasis Secondary to Colorectal Cancer
NCT01609660	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Impact of Probiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota
NCT01641458	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacology-driven Dosing of Fluoropyrimidines in Cancer Patients
NCT01689792	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Multi-centre Study Comparing the Polyp Detection Rate of Two Different Types of Bowel Preparation: a 2-litre Solution (MOVIPREP®) Versus a Hyperosmotic and Stimulant Combined Low Volume Bowel Preparation (Sodium Picosulfate and Magnesium Citrate)
NCT01695772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Bevacizumab Plus 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) Based Doublet Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Participants With Previously Untreated Unresectable Liver-Only Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
NCT01695863	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction of Miralax and Gatorade Versus Movi Prep
NCT01706822	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Radial Reload Laparoscopic LAR Case Series
NCT01740947	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Does Administration of Antibiotics in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Result in Less Complications and Better Prognosis?
NCT01831310	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Nutrition for Colorectal Cancer Patients and Neutrophil Functions
NCT01841294	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	NK Activity Modulation Induced by Intravenous Lidocaine During Colorectal Laparoscopic Surgery
NCT01959061	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Raltitrexed-based Transarterial Chemoembolisation(TACE)for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases