CUX1

gene
On this page

Also known as CDPCDP1CUXCUTCloxCDP/CutCDP/CuxCux/CDPCASPGOLIM6

Summary

CUX1 (cut like homeobox 1, HGNC:2557) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q22.1, encoding Homeobox protein cut-like 1 (P39880). Transcription factor involved in the control of neuronal differentiation in the brain.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. It may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation and it may also play a role in the cell cycle progession. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Source: NCBI Gene 1523 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): global developmental delay with or without impaired intellectual development (Definitive, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
  • GWAS associations: 30
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 627 total — 23 pathogenic, 29 likely-pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 27
  • Cancer driver (intOGen): loss-of-function (tumor-suppressor-like) across 7 cancer types
  • Transcription factor: yes — 123 downstream targets (CollecTRI)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_181552

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:2557
Approved symbolCUX1
Namecut like homeobox 1
Location7q22.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesCDP, CDP1, CUX, CUT, Clox, CDP/Cut, CDP/Cux, Cux/CDP, CASP, GOLIM6
Ensembl geneENSG00000257923
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM116896
Entrez1523

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 25 — 17 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000292535, ENST00000292538, ENST00000360264, ENST00000393824, ENST00000425244, ENST00000437600, ENST00000465461, ENST00000485792, ENST00000487284, ENST00000497815, ENST00000546411, ENST00000547394, ENST00000549414, ENST00000550008, ENST00000556210, ENST00000558469, ENST00000558836, ENST00000560541, ENST00000606749, ENST00000607092, ENST00000622516, ENST00000645010, ENST00000646649, ENST00000935679, ENST00000964683

RefSeq mRNA: 7 — MANE Select: NM_181552 NM_001202543, NM_001202544, NM_001202545, NM_001202546, NM_001913, NM_181500, NM_181552

CCDS: CCDS47672, CCDS56498, CCDS56499, CCDS56500, CCDS5720, CCDS5721, CCDS59071

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000292535 — 24 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001332236101817626101817669
ENSE00001878777102248412102258233
ENSE00002332406102234052102234240
ENSE00002342371102200071102200172
ENSE00002345935102227367102227669
ENSE00002374551102205114102205170
ENSE00002376432102239320102239584
ENSE00002380308102196634102197305
ENSE00002405775102198802102198867
ENSE00002411234102204391102204556
ENSE00002420069102201360102202204
ENSE00003696300102070339102070417
ENSE00003696859102178469102178657
ENSE00003697509102158560102158608
ENSE00003698477102193842102193890
ENSE00003698759102189813102189871
ENSE00003698853102104336102104459
ENSE00003698992101916115101916225
ENSE00003699121102115207102115273
ENSE00003700196102028098102028145
ENSE00003700524102170446102170550
ENSE00003701391102097364102097501
ENSE00003701555102111698102111774
ENSE00003701853102195507102195603

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 297 present calls, max score 98.72.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 70.2136 / max 1417.3582, expressed in 1822 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (12 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
8020964.37621821
802084.51451522
802290.4964227
802300.2835126
802100.2719107
802310.174491
802320.038710
802330.02057
802120.00973
802110.00964

Top tissues by expression

300 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
secondary oocyteCL:000065598.72gold quality
buccal mucosa cellCL:000233696.78gold quality
oocyteCL:000002396.28gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225596.03gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402395.91gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489095.73gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224595.65gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212995.64gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162595.63gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548895.56gold quality
myometriumUBERON:000129695.52gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985395.43gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203795.33gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209895.32gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243695.00gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113594.84gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663194.76gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234594.75gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119994.74gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305394.68gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151594.67gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240194.66gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149694.65gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208494.58gold quality
cardiac ventricleUBERON:000208294.56gold quality
cerebellar vermisUBERON:000472094.54gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208194.49gold quality
heartUBERON:000094894.45gold quality
coronary arteryUBERON:000162194.26gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162694.24gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes12.29
E-MTAB-7249no3768.40
E-GEOD-100618no408.83

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

123 targets.

TargetRegulation
ABL1
ADAM2
AGTR1
AKT1
ARHGAP32Repression
ARHGDIBActivation
ATP11C
BCL2
BGLAP
CA9
CAV1
CCN5Activation
CCNA2Activation
CCND2
CCNE2Activation
CD38
CD40
CD44
CD8A
CDH1Repression
CDH13
CDH2Activation
CDK2
CDKN1AUnknown
CDKN1BUnknown
CEBPEUnknown
CEL
CFTRUnknown
CHD4
CNTN2

JASPAR motifs

MotifNameFamily
MA0754.1CUX1HD-CUT
MA0754.2CUX1HD-CUT
MA0754.3CUX1HD-CUT

JASPAR matrix evidence (PMIDs): PMID:7799919

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): E2F1, E2F2, E2F3, E2F4

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

30 targeting CUX1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4283100.0066.422097
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-19A-3P99.9875.332762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P99.9875.442754
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-185-3P99.9567.011743
HSA-MIR-5010-5P99.9464.11705
HSA-MIR-452599.9464.38675
HSA-MIR-6508-5P99.9270.672465
HSA-MIR-806799.8669.592260
HSA-MIR-444799.8567.812900
HSA-MIR-448999.5065.56785
HSA-MIR-127599.4767.902749
HSA-MIR-7109-5P99.1866.131057
HSA-MIR-6846-5P98.8165.861121
HSA-MIR-6848-5P98.8165.491126
HSA-MIR-4664-5P98.1765.071020
HSA-MIR-6819-5P97.9666.591071
HSA-MIR-63797.9164.051517
HSA-MIR-4665-5P97.9167.691536
HSA-MIR-429497.8665.721110
HSA-MIR-6737-5P97.7566.541044
HSA-MIR-6812-5P97.5665.391059
HSA-MIR-606997.4565.88357
HSA-MIR-129196.2865.891224
HSA-MIR-6835-5P95.8164.27500
HSA-MIR-6775-3P95.7665.91982

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • Transfection of keratinocytes with plasmid DNA leads to the loss of detectable DNA-binding activity of CCAAT displacement protein. (PMID:11953010)
  • Analysis of flanking sequences of IgH and Ig kappa V region genes show extensive heterogeneity in frequency and location of CDP binding sites and capability of CDP to bind to the nuclear matrix. (PMID:12193717)
  • Data report the characterization of a mammalian coiled-coil protein, CASP, a Golgi protein that shares with giantin a conserved histidine in its transmembrane domain. (PMID:12429822)
  • Lack of LF expression in the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4 is associated with the persistent binding of the silencer CCAAT displacement protein (CDP/cut) to the LF promoter in these cells. (PMID:12522000)
  • correlation between binding of CDP/Cux to the DNA pol alpha promoter and the stimulation of gene expression (PMID:12665598)
  • CDP, in conjunction with one or more viral proteins, binds to the packaging sequences of Adenovirus type 5 to initiate the encapsidation process (PMID:12743282)
  • our data suggested that somatic mutations in CDP gene were rare in unselected uterine leiomyomas (PMID:12766905)
  • interaction of G9a with a sequence-specific transcription factor that regulates gene repression through CDP/cut. (PMID:15269344)
  • CUTL1 plays a central role in coordinating a gene expression program associated with cell motility and tumor progression. (PMID:15950902)
  • Binding of E2 at the binding sites play an important role in overcoming inhibition of E1 complex formation caused by the binding of CDP to the origin of replication. (PMID:16529788)
  • PKA-induced phosphorylation results in decreased DNA binding affinity of CUTL1 and diminished CUTL1-mediated cell cycle progression and cell motility. (PMID:16574653)
  • Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in CUTL1 is associated with myeloid neoplasias (PMID:17140660)
  • CUTL1 transcriptionally up-regulates WNT5A on RNA, protein and promoter level. (PMID:17227781)
  • Src plays a crucial role in CUTL1-induced tumor cell migration (PMID:17369846)
  • CDP inhibits cytokine-induced NF-kappaB-regulated chemokine transcription in melanoma cells (PMID:17496784)
  • CUX1 C-terminal proteolytic processing by a caspase enables transcriptional activation in proliferating cells (PMID:17681953)
  • Data show that in renal cell carcinoma, the Cut-like homeodomain protein is involved in FIH-1 transcriptional regulation and is controlled by a specific signaling event involving protein kinase C zeta. (PMID:17682059)
  • The data strongly suggest that CDP acts as a major suppressor for Human papillomavirus type 16 P670 transcription by binding to the promoter region in the undifferentiated cells (PMID:17957475)
  • Genome-wide location analysis revealed that targets common to p110 CUX1 and E2F1 included many genes involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA repair. (PMID:18347061)
  • This result revealed a negative feedback loop whereby CUX1 shuts down the expression of the protease that cleaves it. (PMID:18403643)
  • CUX1 showed evidence of association with the HCMV major immediate early regulatory region and inhibited the capacity of the virus to express ie1 and ie2 transcripts, suggesting that this cellular factor regulates MIE gene expression following virus entry. (PMID:18614194)
  • study reports that mitotic complex genes Ect2, RacGAP, and MKLP1 are coordinately induced in S phase in proliferating T lymphocytes as well as in epithelial cells, depending upon activity of the CUX1 and E2F1 transcription factors (PMID:19015243)
  • Activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway by EBV in epithelial cells suggests a novel mechanism of epithelial mesenchymal transition via CUX1 signaling. (PMID:19361498)
  • role of p110 CUX1 in cell motility involves its functions in both activation and repression of transcription (PMID:19635798)
  • data indicate that CUX1 represents an important survival factor downstream of PI3K/Akt, which orchestrates a transcriptional programme mediating resistance to apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. (PMID:20442202)
  • GRIA3 plays a role as a mediator of tumor progression in pancreatic cancer downstream CUX1. (PMID:20689760)
  • findings show that CUTL1 expression is gradually silenced at the posttranscriptional level during liver development; overexpression and knockdown studies that miR-122 repressed CUTL1 protein expression in HCC cell lines (PMID:20842632)
  • Elevated levels of cux1 are associated with inflammatory bowel disease. (PMID:20848487)
  • Transcriptional targets of CUX1 involved in DNA replication and bipolar mitosis defined a gene expression signature that, across 12 breast cancer gene expression datasets, was associated with poor clinical outcome. (PMID:21245318)
  • we identified a novel CUX1-FGFR1 fusion oncogene in a patient with the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome and demonstrated its transforming potential in the Ba/F3 cell line. (PMID:21330321)
  • modifications of CUX1 expression lead to aberrant expression of type I collagen, which may provide a molecular basis for fibrogenesis (PMID:21471005)
  • screening for mutations in CUX1 using 15 secondary acute myeloid leukemia cases with preceding myeloproliferative neoplasms or loss-of-heterozygosity on chromosome 7q (collaborative study in several countries) (PMID:21674579)
  • The data demonstrates that the autism spectrum disorder-associated A-C intronic haplotype of the ENGRAILED2 gene is a transcriptional activator, and both CUX1 and NFIB mediate this activity. (PMID:22180456)
  • cux1 is associated with cell functions and human disease. (PMID:22306263)
  • we find repression of apoptosis regulators by Cux1 in human cancer cells. (PMID:22438831)
  • Our results provide the first evidence that polymorphisms of the CUX1 gene may be associated with response to antidepressant treatment in Japanese patients with MDD. (PMID:22584459)
  • Authors found that both chromosomal inversions target the cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) gene on chromosomal band 7q22.1 in a way which is functionally equivalent to the more frequently observed del(7q) cases. (PMID:22965931)
  • Cutl1 played transcriptional level mediated by signal transduction, translational level mediated by miR122, posttranslational level such as phosphorylation, de-phosphorylation, acetylation and proteolytic cleavage. (PMID:23085261)
  • Data indicate CUX1 as a conserved, haploinsufficient tumor suppressor frequently deleted in myeloid neoplasms. (PMID:23212519)
  • overexpression of active CUTL1 significantly resulted in increased cancer tissue response to chemotherapy and therefore inhibited growth, whereas knockdown of CUTL1 conferred resistance to chemotherapy. (PMID:23255599)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriocux1aENSDARG00000078459
mus_musculusCux1ENSMUSG00000029705
rattus_norvegicusCux1ENSRNOG00000001424
drosophila_melanogasterctFBGN0004198
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00000464

Paralogs (1): CUX2 (ENSG00000111249)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Homeobox protein cut-like 1P39880 (reviewed: P39880, Q13948)

Alternative names: CCAAT displacement protein, CDP/Cux p200, Homeobox protein cux-1

All UniProt accessions (5): P39880, Q13948, A0A2R8Y852, A0A2R8Y8D0, A0A2R8YDI1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Transcription factor involved in the control of neuronal differentiation in the brain. Regulates dendrite development and branching, and dendritic spine formation in cortical layers II-III. Also involved in the control of synaptogenesis. In addition, it has probably a broad role in mammalian development as a repressor of developmentally regulated gene expression. May act by preventing binding of positively-activing CCAAT factors to promoters. Component of nf-munr repressor; binds to the matrix attachment regions (MARs) (5’ and 3’) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. Represses T-cell receptor (TCR) beta enhancer function by binding to MARbeta, an ATC-rich DNA sequence located upstream of the TCR beta enhancer. Binds to the TH enhancer; may require the basic helix-loop-helix protein TCF4 as a coactivator. Plays a role in cell cycle progression, in particular at the G1/S transition. As cells progress into S phase, a fraction of CUX1 molecules is proteolytically processed into N-terminally truncated proteins of 110 kDa. While CUX1 only transiently binds to DNA and carries the CCAAT-displacement activity, CDP/Cux p110 makes a stable interaction with DNA and stimulates expression of genes such as POLA1.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with BANP. Interacts with SATB1 (via DNA-binding domains); the interaction inhibits the attachment of both proteins to DNA.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated by PKA. As cells progress into S phase, a fraction of CUX1 molecules is proteolytically processed into N-terminally truncated proteins of 110 kDa by CTSL. Cell cycle-dependent processing of CUX1 serves to generate a CDP/Cux p110 with distinct DNA binding and transcriptional properties.

Disease relevance. Neurodevelopmental disorder with developmental delay and with or without motor or speech delay (NEDDMS) [MIM:618330] An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by global developmental delay associated with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, hypotonia and short stature in some patients. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous. Asn-1290 may participate in regulating DNA-binding activity by promoting homo- and heterodimerization.

Similarity. Belongs to the CUT homeobox family.

Isoforms (11)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
P39880-11yes
P39880-22
P39880-33
P39880-45
P39880-56
P39880-67
P39880-911
Q13948-14, CASP
Q13948-28
Q13948-99
Q13948-1010

RefSeq proteins (7): NP_001189472, NP_001189473, NP_001189474, NP_001189475, NP_001904, NP_852477, NP_853530* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001356HDDomain
IPR003350CUT_domDomain
IPR009057Homeodomain-like_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR010982Lambda_DNA-bd_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR017970Homeobox_CSConserved_site
IPR057476Cux_NDomain
IPR012955CASP_CDomain

Pfam: PF00046, PF02376, PF08172, PF25398

UniProt features (85 total): compositionally biased region 16, sequence conflict 12, modified residue 11, splice variant 10, region of interest 9, sequence variant 5, DNA-binding region 4, cross-link 4, chain 3, coiled-coil region 3, site 2, topological domain 2, mutagenesis site 2, transmembrane region 1, helix 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
8WQFELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.27
8WQEELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.38
8WQIELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.5

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P39880-F162.840.29
AF-Q13948-F183.040.52

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

P39880 (canonical)

Catalytic / active sites (2): 643–644 (cleavage; by ctsl); 747–755 (cleavage; by ctsl)

Post-translational modifications (14): 763, 909, 1059, 1069, 1270, 1337, 1455, 1486, 1496, 785, 811, 842, 1284, 540

Q13948

Post-translational modifications (1): 586

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

PositionPhenotype
624retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
629no effect on subcellular location.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

6 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-1839117Signaling by cytosolic FGFR1 fusion mutants
R-HSA-5655302Signaling by FGFR1 in disease
R-HSA-6811438Intra-Golgi traffic
R-HSA-199991Membrane Trafficking
R-HSA-5653656Vesicle-mediated transport
R-HSA-6811442Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic

MSigDB gene sets: 451 (showing top): GOBP_DENDRITE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_MORPHOGENESIS, TTTGTAG_MIR520D, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DENDRITE_MORPHOGENESIS, NIKOLSKY_OVERCONNECTED_IN_BREAST_CANCER, MORF_RAD21, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, MEF2_02, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NERVOUS_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, REACTOME_MEMBRANE_TRAFFICKING, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_NERVOUS_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, HUMMERICH_SKIN_CANCER_PROGRESSION_DN, GOBP_INTRA_GOLGI_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP

GO Biological Process (5): negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis (GO:0050775), intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0006891), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)

GO Molecular Function (5): RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565), sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837), DNA binding (GO:0003677)

GO Cellular Component (7): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), cytosol (GO:0005829), Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-5 pathways:

CategoryPathways
FGFR1 mutant receptor activation1
Signaling by FGFR in disease1
Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic1
Vesicle-mediated transport1
Membrane Trafficking1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure4
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II2
transcription by RNA polymerase II2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle2
cytoplasm2
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
positive regulation of cell morphogenesis1
positive regulation of cell projection organization1
dendrite morphogenesis1
regulation of dendrite morphogenesis1
positive regulation of neurogenesis1
Golgi vesicle transport1
DNA-templated transcription1
regulation of gene expression1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process1
transcription cis-regulatory region binding1
chromatin1
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity1
DNA binding1
double-stranded DNA binding1
sequence-specific DNA binding1
nucleic acid binding1
chromosome1
nuclear lumen1
endomembrane system1
Golgi apparatus1
bounding membrane of organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1966 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
CUX1TBR1Q16650849
CUX1EWSR1Q01844832
CUX1BCL11BQ9C0K0819
CUX1EOMESO95936781
CUX1GOLGA5Q8TBA6778
CUX1SPP2Q13103772
CUX1CCNA2P20248770
CUX1CCNA1P78396763
CUX1SATB2Q9UPW6753
CUX1BANPQ8N9N5741
CUX1FOXP2O15409656
CUX1PAX6P26367646
CUX1RB1P06400644
CUX1EMX1Q04741615
CUX1GOLGB1Q14789610

IntAct

124 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
RNF146TNKSpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.790
RB1CUX1psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.610
RB1CUX1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
CUX1RB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
CUX1RB1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.610
CXCR4TMEM120Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
SLC39A4TMEM120Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
C3AR1TMEM120Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MAGEA10POTEFpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
KXD1HIP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
WDR83SH2B2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
NUP62RGPD8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
NDUFB8NDUFS4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
LAMP1FZD7psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
RAB30UBBpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
B4GAT1ADCY6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CHRNA4FZD6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CSGALNACT2TPST1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
GPRC5BSTXBP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
SLC30A2ESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
FMR1ACOT7psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.500
EN1NFIBpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.470
H3C1SMCHD1psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.410
CUX1KRT8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
FOXE1DDX39Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FOXG1DDX39Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FOXJ2TCERG1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (266): CUX1 (Reconstituted Complex), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Co-fractionation), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUX1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JNT9, A0JPP8, A1X157, O15169, O75145, O75335, P39880, P60469, Q07DZ5, Q08CF3, Q08E13, Q09YM8, Q2M1P5, Q2QLG9, Q2VUH7, Q32PN7, Q3TMW1, Q3UHC7, Q3UIL6, Q3UIW5, Q3UJV1, Q5DU25, Q5FWS6, Q5JU85, Q5PRF9, Q5XI59, Q5ZJ07, Q674X7, Q68UI8, Q69ZS8, Q6IPM2, Q6NZT2, Q6P402, Q6P730, Q6ZP65, Q80XS6, Q80Y83, Q8JZP9, Q8K1S6, Q8R4R9

Diamond homologs: O08755, O14529, O95948, P34237, P39880, P39881, P53564, P53565, P70298, P70403, P70512, Q13948, Q5R8V1, Q6XBJ3, Q9NJB5, Q9UBC0, A1YEY5, A1YFI3, A1YG57, A2T733, A2T7P4, O15499, O35652, P09082, P0CJ85, P0CJ86, P0CJ87, P0CJ88, P0CJ89, P0CJ90, P10180, P29454, P37934, P37935, P37936, P53544, P53545, P53546, P55813, P56915

SIGNOR signaling

3 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
CDK1down-regulatesCUX1phosphorylation
CUX1“down-regulates quantity by repression”PIK3IP1“transcriptional regulation”

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 169 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Deactivation of the beta-catenin transactivating complex713.6×3e-04
TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT98.8×3e-04

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
hair follicle development512.2×7e-03
chondrocyte differentiation611.5×3e-03
canonical Wnt signaling pathway76.8×8e-03
brain development105.1×5e-03
transcription by RNA polymerase II104.5×8e-03

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

From intOGen — cancer-driver classification: loss-of-function (tumor-suppressor-like) across 7 cancer types — BRCA, GB, LUAD, LUSC, MEL, PAAD, WDTC.

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

627 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic23
Likely pathogenic29
Uncertain significance357
Likely benign115
Benign24

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1064787NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.1687C>T (p.Gln563Ter)Pathogenic
1213753NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.1834C>T (p.Gln612Ter)Pathogenic
1676077NM_001913.5(CUX1):c.1855_1856del (p.Thr619fs)Pathogenic
1803930NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.190-2A>GPathogenic
1803932NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.3563G>A (p.Trp1188Ter)Pathogenic
1803938NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.538C>T (p.Gln180Ter)Pathogenic
1803942NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.1593del (p.Met532fs)Pathogenic
1804166t(7;10)(q22.1;q26.3)Pathogenic
1805954NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.875T>A (p.Leu292Ter)Pathogenic
1809898NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.3721C>T (p.Gln1241Ter)Pathogenic
2691892NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.3556C>T (p.Gln1186Ter)Pathogenic
3254744NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.2053C>T (p.Gln685Ter)Pathogenic
3257575GRCh37/hg19 7q22.1(chr7:101639800-101926382)x1Pathogenic
3270347NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.1297C>T (p.Gln433Ter)Pathogenic
3366947NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.1289dup (p.Pro431fs)Pathogenic
3382169NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.3201del (p.Lys1068fs)Pathogenic
3498727NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.346C>T (p.Gln116Ter)Pathogenic
3837504NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.1289del (p.Pro430fs)Pathogenic
4008410NM_001202543.1:c.3655+190_*301delPathogenic
4532046NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.466C>T (p.Gln156Ter)Pathogenic
4532047NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.2950C>T (p.Arg984Ter)Pathogenic
618994NC_000007.13:g.(101759560_?)_(?_101893297)delPathogenic
985065NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.1558C>T (p.Gln520Ter)Pathogenic
1324196NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.530+1G>ALikely pathogenic
1690336NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.2986C>T (p.Arg996Ter)Likely pathogenic
1710422NM_001913.5(CUX1):c.1813dup (p.Leu605fs)Likely pathogenic
1803931NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.3500_3503del (p.Arg1167fs)Likely pathogenic
1803934NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.3786del (p.Tyr1263fs)Likely pathogenic
1803939NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.762G>C (p.Arg254Ser)Likely pathogenic
1803940NM_181552.4(CUX1):c.952G>T (p.Glu318Ter)Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

6411 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
7:101817670:G:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:101916101:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916110:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916111:ACAG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916112:CAG:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916112:CAGA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
7:101916112:CAGAG:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916113:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916113:A:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
7:101916113:AGA:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916113:AGAGA:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916114:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916114:G:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916114:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916114:GAGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916114:GAGAG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
7:101916221:CAGAG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:101916222:AGAGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
7:101916223:GAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
7:101916224:AGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
7:101916225:GG:Gdonor_loss1.0000
7:101916226:GT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
7:101916227:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
7:102028062:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
7:102028062:AAAT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:102028062:AAATG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:102028063:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
7:102028063:AAT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:102028063:AATG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:102028064:A:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

9803 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
7:101916185:T:CL34P1.000
7:101916206:T:CF41S1.000
7:101916210:G:CK42N1.000
7:101916210:G:TK42N1.000
7:102028126:T:CL57P1.000
7:102070349:T:CL67P1.000
7:102070369:G:CA74P1.000
7:102070382:T:CF78S1.000
7:102097448:T:CL118P1.000
7:102097460:T:CL122P1.000
7:102104345:T:AI139K1.000
7:102104354:T:CL142P1.000
7:102115240:T:CL214P1.000
7:102158592:T:CL236P1.000
7:102158600:G:CA239P1.000
7:102170449:G:CA243P1.000
7:102189817:T:CL341P1.000
7:102197081:C:AA557D1.000
7:102197090:T:AV560D1.000
7:102197093:A:TK561I1.000
7:102197094:A:CK561N1.000
7:102197094:A:TK561N1.000
7:102197102:T:AL564Q1.000
7:102197102:T:CL564P1.000
7:102197102:T:GL564R1.000
7:102197111:A:CH567P1.000
7:102197117:T:AI569N1.000
7:102197119:G:AG570R1.000
7:102197119:G:CG570R1.000
7:102197120:G:AG570E1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000007831 (7:101951930 G>A), RS1000010221 (7:101996169 G>T), RS1000049436 (7:102212354 C>T), RS1000051880 (7:102262073 C>A), RS1000054437 (7:101837142 A>T), RS1000059114 (7:101878608 A>G), RS1000059323 (7:101951600 G>A,T), RS1000071967 (7:102071037 C>A,G), RS1000093720 (7:102109523 C>G,T), RS1000105639 (7:101876505 G>A), RS1000109387 (7:102182927 G>A), RS1000110664 (7:102153400 C>T), RS1000114005 (7:102252439 C>A), RS1000117200 (7:101834028 C>T), RS1000118900 (7:101990301 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:116896 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618330, MIM:126800, MIM:608636

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
global developmental delay with or without impaired intellectual developmentDefinitiveAutosomal dominant
autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disabilitySupportiveAutosomal dominant

Mondo (7): global developmental delay with or without impaired intellectual development (MONDO:0032680), neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), Duane retraction syndrome (MONDO:0007473), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MONDO:0020076), 15q11q13 microduplication syndrome (MONDO:0012081), intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071), autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability (MONDO:0015802)

Orphanet (4): Duane retraction syndrome (Orphanet:233), Myeloproliferative neoplasm (Orphanet:98274), 15q11q13 microduplication syndrome (Orphanet:238446), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Unexplained intellectual disability (Orphanet:319658)

HPO phenotypes

27 total (27 of 27 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000006Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000047Hypospadias
HP:0000219Thin upper lip vermilion
HP:0000276Long face
HP:0000337Broad forehead
HP:0000369Low-set ears
HP:0000414Bulbous nose
HP:0000601Hypotelorism
HP:0000637Long palpebral fissure
HP:0000677Oligodontia
HP:0000750Delayed speech and language development
HP:0000767Pectus excavatum
HP:0001249Intellectual disability
HP:0001252Hypotonia
HP:0001263Global developmental delay
HP:0001270Motor delay
HP:0001357Plagiocephaly
HP:0001629Ventricular septal defect
HP:0001631Atrial septal defect
HP:0001643Patent ductus arteriosus
HP:0002007Frontal bossing
HP:0003593Infantile onset
HP:0004322Short stature
HP:0006956Lateral ventricle dilatation
HP:0007010Poor fine motor coordination
HP:0012704Widened subarachnoid space
HP:0100632Pulmonary sequestration

GWAS associations

30 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001528_1Response to antidepressants2.000000e-06
GCST003657_7Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score7.000000e-06
GCST003726_24Basal cell carcinoma2.000000e-13
GCST004599_54Mean platelet volume2.000000e-32
GCST004599_55Mean platelet volume1.000000e-09
GCST004607_157Plateletcrit4.000000e-12
GCST004616_188Platelet distribution width7.000000e-34
GCST004619_28Reticulocyte fraction of red cells2.000000e-09
GCST004622_5Reticulocyte count2.000000e-09
GCST004988_663Breast cancer5.000000e-12
GCST005316_8Intelligence (MTAG)3.000000e-09
GCST007565_30Morning person5.000000e-14
GCST007576_426Chronotype5.000000e-14
GCST008870_66Keratinocyte cancer (MTAG)3.000000e-19
GCST008871_61Basal cell carcinoma1.000000e-24
GCST009203_4Cerebellum cortex volume3.000000e-06
GCST009724_11Vertical cup-disc ratio (multi-trait analysis)7.000000e-10
GCST010242_236HDL cholesterol levels1.000000e-08
GCST90002381_457Eosinophil count1.000000e-13
GCST90002382_157Eosinophil percentage of white cells1.000000e-11
GCST90002385_146High light scatter reticulocyte count1.000000e-09
GCST90002386_457High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells9.000000e-10
GCST90002395_694Mean platelet volume1.000000e-66
GCST90002395_695Mean platelet volume1.000000e-17
GCST90002400_45Plateletcrit3.000000e-46
GCST90002400_46Plateletcrit7.000000e-10
GCST90002401_463Platelet distribution width3.000000e-70
GCST90002405_486Reticulocyte count3.000000e-18
GCST90002406_254Reticulocyte fraction of red cells4.000000e-17
GCST90013410_8Basal cell carcinoma5.000000e-17

EFO canonical traits (11, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007860ADHD symptom measurement
EFO:0007985platelet crit
EFO:0007984platelet component distribution width
EFO:0007986reticulocyte count
EFO:0004337intelligence
EFO:0008328chronotype measurement
EFO:0010176keratinocyte carcinoma
EFO:0006939cup-to-disc ratio measurement
EFO:0004612high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004842eosinophil count
EFO:0007991eosinophil percentage of leukocytes

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D004370Duane Retraction SyndromeC10.292.562.700.375.500; C11.270.235; C11.590.436.400.500; C16.320.290.235
D008607Intellectual DisabilityC10.597.606.360; C23.888.592.604.646; F01.700.687; F03.625.539
D065886Neurodevelopmental DisordersF03.625

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

2 variants.

VariantGenesLevelScore#Clin annotsDrugs
rs201522CUX10.000
rs365836CUX10.000

CTD chemical–gene interactions

66 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
trichostatin Aaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression3
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxidedecreases expression3
bisphenol Adecreases expression, decreases methylation2
sodium arseniteaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
Arsenicaffects methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance2
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases expression2
Hydrogen Peroxidedecreases expression, increases expression2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionincreases methylation2
Valproic Aciddecreases expression, increases methylation2
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation, increases methylation2
Cadmium Chlorideincreases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
FR900359affects phosphorylation1
bisphenol Faffects cotreatment, increases methylation1
TAK-243decreases sumoylation1
2,4,6-tribromophenoldecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
glycidyl methacrylatedecreases expression1
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranosidedecreases expression1
decabromobiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
arseniteaffects binding, decreases reaction1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphateincreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
tetrabromobisphenol Adecreases expression1
manganese chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment1
benzo(e)pyrenedecreases methylation1
4-hydroxy-2-nonenaldecreases expression1
aflatoxin B2affects methylation1
coumarinaffects phosphorylation1

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 3 embryonic stem cell, 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_A0V3SEES3-1V human CUX1, clone1Embryonic stem cellMale
CVCL_A0V4SEES3-1V human CUX1, clone2Embryonic stem cellMale
CVCL_A0V5SEES3-1V human CUX1, clone3Embryonic stem cellMale
CVCL_GZ78K562 eGFP-CUX1Cancer cell lineFemale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

202 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT04586348PHASE4UNKNOWNPrenatal Iodine Supplementation and Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
NCT04873115PHASE4UNKNOWNDouble-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Sialanar Plus orAl rehabiLitation Against Placebo Plus Oral Rehabilitation for chIldren and Adolescents With seVere Sialorrhoea and Neurodisabilties,
NCT02559102PHASE3COMPLETEDDexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Infants
NCT02757079PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy of the Efficacy and Safety of NPC-15 for Sleep Disorders of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT06915480PHASE3RECRUITINGReducing Missed Appointments
NCT07377032PHASE3RECRUITINGTAP-GRIN: Interventional Study on Patients With GRIN-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02909959PHASE2COMPLETEDSulforaphane for the Treatment of Young Men With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06081348PHASE2RECRUITINGSertraline vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Anxiety in Children and AdoLescents With NeurodevelopMental Disorders
NCT06352372PHASE2COMPLETEDSafety and Efficacy of tPBM for Epileptiform Activity in Autism
NCT00503191PHASE1COMPLETEDNeuroModulation Technique Treatment of Autism
NCT04475848PHASE1COMPLETEDA Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Food Effect of RO6953958 in Healthy Participants
NCT06300398PHASE1COMPLETEDIAMA-6 Oral Dose Study in Healthy Adults
NCT01783041PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDEffect of Early L-Carnitine Supplementation on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
NCT05767385PHASE2/PHASE3RECRUITINGFetal Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Congenital Heart Disease and Association With Neonatal Neurobehavior
NCT05675098EARLY_PHASE1NOT_YET_RECRUITINGCentral Nervous System Stimulants and Physical Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy
NCT00783783Not specifiedCOMPLETEDCYP2D6 Pharmacogenetics in Risperidone-Treated Children
NCT01778504Not specifiedRECRUITINGStudying Childhood-onset Behavioral, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders
NCT01850784Not specifiedUNKNOWNHigh Energy Formula Feeding in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
NCT01922791Not specifiedCOMPLETEDNutrition and Pregnancy Intervention Study
NCT01942525Not specifiedUNKNOWNInfluence of Intrauterine Growth Restriction on Amplitude-integrated EEG in Preterm Infants
NCT02003170Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEtiology and Early Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02118649Not specifiedACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGEnhancing Behavior and Brain Response to Visual Targets Using a Computer Game
NCT02557191Not specifiedTERMINATEDBiomarkers, Neurodevelopment and Preterm Infants
NCT02690675Not specifiedCOMPLETEDIron Supplement Effect on Child Development
NCT02694003Not specifiedCOMPLETEDBetter Nights, Better Days for Children With Neurodevelopment Disorders
NCT02792894Not specifiedCOMPLETEDFamily Networks (FaNs) for Children With Developmental Disorders and Delays
NCT02871674Not specifiedUNKNOWNGood Night Project: Behavioural Sleep Interventions for Children With ADHD: A Randomised Controlled Trial
NCT02887157Not specifiedCOMPLETEDAnalyzing Retinal Microanatomy in ROP
NCT02898298Not specifiedCOMPLETEDPositive Emotion Regulation Training in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With and Without Developmental Disorder
NCT02912780Not specifiedUNKNOWNIntroduction of Microsystems in a Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NCT03023293Not specifiedCOMPLETEDn-3 PUFAs, Irisin and Maternal Glucose Metabolism From Pregnancy to Postpartum
NCT03023644Not specifiedCOMPLETEDImproving Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: An Intervention Study
NCT03032991Not specifiedUNKNOWNEarly Biomarkers of Neurodevelopment in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers
NCT03088189Not specifiedTERMINATEDEffect of Parental Peri-conceptional Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Infant Neurocognitive Development in Offspring
NCT03096028Not specifiedCOMPLETEDDevelopmental Origins of Mental Health Disorders
NCT03148782Not specifiedCOMPLETEDBrain Plasticity Underlying Acquisition of New Organizational Skills in Children-R61 Phase
NCT03172104Not specifiedCOMPLETEDNeurobehavioural Development of Infants Born <30 Weeks Gestational Age Between Birth and Five Years of Age
NCT03222375Not specifiedRECRUITINGSQUED™ Series 28.1 Home-use and Treatment of Autowave Reverberator of Autism
NCT03229928Not specifiedCOMPLETEDClinical Testing of a Real-Time Behavior Measurement Tool: Measuring Outcomes for CHAnge
NCT03232489Not specifiedUNKNOWNStudy for the Evaluation of the Feasibility of Applying Advanced MRI Scanning in Pediatric Clinical Practice