CYB561

Summary

CYB561 (cytochrome b561, HGNC:2571) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q23.3, encoding Transmembrane ascorbate-dependent reductase CYB561 (P49447). Transmembrane reductase that probably uses ascorbate as an electron donor to reduce Fe(3+) into Fe(2+) and could play a role in iron transport.

Predicted to enable transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity. Predicted to be involved in ascorbate homeostasis. Predicted to be located in chromaffin granule membrane. Predicted to be active in lysosomal membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 1534 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): orthostatic hypotension 2 (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 47 total — 2 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 7
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001915

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2571
Approved symbol	CYB561
Name	cytochrome b561
Location	17q23.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FRRS2, CYB561A1, CGCytb
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000008283
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	600019
Entrez	1534

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 32 — 26 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000360793, ENST00000392975, ENST00000392976, ENST00000448884, ENST00000542042, ENST00000577368, ENST00000577989, ENST00000578016, ENST00000578072, ENST00000580592, ENST00000580691, ENST00000581163, ENST00000581573, ENST00000582034, ENST00000582143, ENST00000582297, ENST00000582997, ENST00000583478, ENST00000584031, ENST00000584291, ENST00000585153, ENST00000886026, ENST00000886027, ENST00000886028, ENST00000886029, ENST00000886030, ENST00000886031, ENST00000886032, ENST00000886033, ENST00000963327, ENST00000963328, ENST00000963329

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001915 NM_001017916, NM_001017917, NM_001330421, NM_001915

CCDS: CCDS11636, CCDS82184

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000360793 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002699266	63432304	63434594
ENSE00002733191	63446245	63446306
ENSE00003577616	63435688	63435791
ENSE00003579311	63436054	63436152
ENSE00003582410	63437346	63437560
ENSE00003609983	63435086	63435243

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 266 present calls, max score 97.39.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.7015 / max 138.7395, expressed in 1698 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (16 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
167463	9.8970	1652
167461	1.0174	248
167458	0.9677	491
167453	0.7729	262
167457	0.5502	307
167460	0.5321	158
167459	0.3974	157
167464	0.2197	95
167462	0.1966	111
167454	0.0764	27

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	97.39	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	97.30	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	96.58	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	96.54	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	96.53	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	96.41	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	96.37	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	96.31	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	96.24	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	96.21	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	95.60	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	94.91	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	94.76	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	94.76	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	94.16	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	93.99	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	93.88	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	93.77	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	93.73	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	93.59	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	93.46	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	93.43	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	93.26	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	93.11	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	92.86	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	92.75	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	92.64	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	92.63	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	92.52	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	92.37	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	14.45
E-GEOD-124858	no	180.33

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

63 targeting CYB561, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805
HSA-MIR-6838-5P	99.89	71.94	2690
HSA-MIR-424-5P	99.89	71.90	2641
HSA-MIR-182-5P	99.87	74.03	2589
HSA-MIR-4420	99.82	70.08	1624
HSA-MIR-181B-2-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-181B-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-6817-3P	99.79	68.35	2126
HSA-MIR-6764-5P	99.75	67.89	2304
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-466	99.67	70.85	2863
HSA-MIR-4470	99.66	69.35	1767

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

• structural features in the cyt b(561) family are well conserved at both the sequence and the protein level (PMID:12768339)
• CYB561 is a senescene-associated gene in normal human oral keratinocytes. (PMID:12837283)
• We studied hereditary control of HR with the twin pair design, at rest and during environmental (cold) stress. Single nucleotide polymorphism disruption of a microribonucleic acid (microRNA) recognition motif in the human CYB561 3’-UTR was identified . (PMID:24140660)
• Mutations in CYB561 cause a novel othostatic hypotension syndrome. (PMID:29343526)
• miR-30e-5p regulates leukemia stem cell self-renewal through the Cyb561/ROS signaling pathway. (PMID:37584287)
• Cytochrome b561 regulates iron metabolism by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway to promote Breast Cancer Cells proliferation. (PMID:37634562)
• Comparison of insect and human cytochrome b561 proteins: Insights into candidate ferric reductases in insects. (PMID:38039324)
• CYB561 is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer and is associated with immune cell infiltration. (PMID:39135107)

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cyb561	ENSDARG00000038176
mus_musculus	Cyb561	ENSMUSG00000019590
rattus_norvegicus	Cyb561	ENSRNOG00000007433
drosophila_melanogaster	nemy	FBGN0261673
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00010131
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018209
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018210

Paralogs (2): CYBRD1 (ENSG00000071967), CYB561A3 (ENSG00000162144)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Transmembrane ascorbate-dependent reductase CYB561 — P49447 (reviewed: P49447)

Alternative names: Cytochrome b-561, Cytochrome b561

All UniProt accessions (10): P49447, F5H757, J3KSL5, J3QKN3, J3QLS0, J3QR25, J3QRF9, J3QRH5, J3QS09, J3QS47

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Transmembrane reductase that probably uses ascorbate as an electron donor to reduce Fe(3+) into Fe(2+) and could play a role in iron transport. It is also able to reduce extracellular monodehydro-L-ascorbate and could be involved in the regeneration and homeostasis within secretory vesicles of ascorbate which in turn provides reducing equivalents needed to support the activity of intravesicular enzymes.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle. Chromaffin granule membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in many tissues, in particular the brain especially in the cortex and hippocampus.

Disease relevance. Orthostatic hypotension 2 (ORTHYP2) [MIM:618182] An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe orthostatic hypotension apparent from infancy or early childhood, low plasma and urinary levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine, and episodic hypoglycemia. Some patients may also have renal dysfunction and reduced life expectancy. Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, is a finding defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure occurring 3 minutes after a person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms include dizziness, blurred vision, and sometimes syncope. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Cofactor. Binds 2 heme b groups non-covalently.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P49447-1	1	yes
P49447-2	2

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001017916, NP_001017917, NP_001317350, NP_001906* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR006593	Cyt_b561/ferric_Rdtase_TM	Domain
IPR043205	CYB561/CYBRD1-like	Family

Pfam: PF03188

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 7.2.1.3 — ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane) (BRENDA: 10 organisms, 25 substrates, 3 inhibitors, 26 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

4 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 4. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
FERRICYTOCHROME B5	0.001–0.009	20
CU(II)-NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID[SIDE 2]	0.0152–0.0231	2
FE(III)-NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID[SIDE 2]	0.074–0.0921	2
L-ASCORBATE	12	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

• Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+) (RHEA:30403)
• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + L-ascorbate(out) (RHEA:66524)

UniProt features (35 total): binding site 12, topological domain 7, transmembrane region 6, sequence conflict 3, modified residue 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1, domain 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P49447-F1	93.13	0.85

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (12): 53 (axial binding residue); 73; 80; 80; 84; 87 (axial binding residue); 116–119; 121 (axial binding residue); 153; 160 (axial binding residue); 181; 225

Post-translational modifications (2): 1, 247

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 189 (showing top): ELVIDGE_HYPOXIA_DN, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, GOCC_VACUOLAR_MEMBRANE, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_DN, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_IRON_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_TGFB1_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_GENERATION_OF_PRECURSOR_METABOLITES_AND_ENERGY, GOBP_ELECTRON_TRANSPORT_CHAIN, ABBUD_LIF_SIGNALING_1_UP, RYTTCCTG_ETS2_B, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, MODULE_11, LEE_AGING_NEOCORTEX_UP, HUANG_DASATINIB_RESISTANCE_DN

GO Biological Process (3): intracellular iron ion homeostasis (GO:0006879), electron transport chain (GO:0022900), ascorbate homeostasis (GO:0140576)

GO Molecular Function (4): oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity (GO:0140575), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (4): lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765), membrane (GO:0016020), chromaffin granule membrane (GO:0042584), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis	1
inorganic ion homeostasis	1
generation of precursor metabolites and energy	1
carbohydrate homeostasis	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
oxidoreductase activity	1
binding	1
lysosome	1
lytic vacuole membrane	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
secretory granule membrane	1
chromaffin granule	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

584 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CYB561	FRRS1	Q6ZNA5	956
CYB561	PAM	P19021	869
CYB561	DBH	P09172	846
CYB561	CPE	P16870	591
CYB561	CYBB	P04839	544
CYB561	CYB561D2	O14569	542
CYB561	STEAP3	Q658P3	528
CYB561	SLC11A2	P49281	474
CYB561	SLC31A1	O15431	433
CYB561	STEAP2	Q8NFT2	427
CYB561	PKDCC	Q504Y2	420
CYB561	CHGB	P05060	400
CYB561	CHGA	P10645	396
CYB561	STEAP1	Q9UHE8	392
CYB561	HEPH	Q9BQS7	391

IntAct

179 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
EDA	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
CYB561	EDA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
PTPRA	LGALS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RNF5	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CYB561	LHFPL5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ANKRD46	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PLP2	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SMIM1	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CYB561	CLDN9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
BET1	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
BNIP1	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CDIPT	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ORMDL2	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
REEP6	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TREX1	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TMEM242	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SYNJ2BP	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TSNARE1	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GOSR2	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TMPPE	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ERG28	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SERP2	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FKBP8	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GIMAP5	CYB561	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (66): EDA (Two-hybrid), RNF5 (Two-hybrid), CYB561 (Two-hybrid), CYB561 (Affinity Capture-MS), CYB561 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CYB561 (Two-hybrid), BEST2 (Two-hybrid), SLC35C2 (Two-hybrid), AQP6 (Two-hybrid), SCD (Two-hybrid), BIK (Two-hybrid), HMOX1 (Two-hybrid), VAPA (Two-hybrid), PLP2 (Two-hybrid), SLC38A7 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AE42, A3A9H6, A5D7C9, A5D9A7, A6NM10, B3SHH9, B5DFH9, B9EJG8, F1NZP5, O14569, P10897, P49447, P82352, Q08DE1, Q14714, Q148G2, Q3ZCD2, Q5E965, Q5ND56, Q5RCZ2, Q5U2W7, Q5ZJX0, Q60720, Q62147, Q641Y1, Q6GPL4, Q6P0C6, Q6P1H1, Q71RH2, Q7TNV1, Q80ZE4, Q86TG1, Q8BMD6, Q8C8S3, Q8IXF9, Q8N8Q1, Q8NBI2, Q8TBR7, Q8VHW3, Q8VHW7

Diamond homologs: A3A9H6, A3KPR5, A5D9A7, C4IYS8, P10897, P34465, P49447, Q503V1, Q5CZL8, Q5RAJ4, Q5RCZ2, Q5RKJ2, Q5U2W7, Q60720, Q67ZF6, Q6DDR3, Q6I681, Q6P1H1, Q7XMK3, Q8L856, Q8NBI2, Q91577, Q925G2, Q95204, Q95245, Q9C540, Q9SWS1, Q53TN4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 60 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	5	13.3×	7e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

47 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	34
Likely benign	6
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
590763	NM_001915.4(CYB561):c.262G>A (p.Gly88Arg)	Pathogenic
590764	NM_001915.4(CYB561):c.131G>A (p.Trp44Ter)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1386 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:63434424:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435081:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:63435082:TCACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:63435083:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:63435084:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435084:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:63435084:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435084:ACC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435085:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435085:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435085:CCC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435085:CCCG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435085:CCCGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435210:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435210:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435242:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435242:CACTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:63435243:ACTA:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:63435244:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435244:CTAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:63435251:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435251:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435685:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:63435686:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:63435687:CCTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
17:63435787:CAAGC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435788:AAGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435790:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435791:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:63435792:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000120366 (17:63435393 G>A), RS1000227198 (17:63446091 C>T), RS1000459879 (17:63447809 C>A,T), RS1000629204 (17:63439135 T>G), RS1000827729 (17:63444689 G>A), RS1000899641 (17:63434096 G>A), RS1000915298 (17:63439392 G>A), RS1001178047 (17:63444971 T>A), RS1001541513 (17:63434219 C>A,T), RS1001696504 (17:63446613 C>A), RS1001983656 (17:63434038 A>C), RS1002028791 (17:63445345 G>A), RS1002147798 (17:63433123 C>T), RS1002503460 (17:63439487 C>T), RS1002546429 (17:63447647 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:600019 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618182

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
orthostatic hypotension 2	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): orthostatic hypotension 2 (MONDO:0020751)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

7 total (7 of 7 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0001278	Orthostatic hypotension
HP:0001903	Anemia
HP:0001943	Hypoglycemia
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0011463	Childhood onset
HP:0012213	Decreased glomerular filtration rate

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002665_1	Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins	4.000000e-12
GCST004777_41	Diastolic blood pressure	2.000000e-07
GCST004777_69	Diastolic blood pressure	2.000000e-14

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0006514	Alzheimer’s disease biomarker measurement
EFO:0006515	angiotensin-converting enzyme measurement
EFO:0006336	diastolic blood pressure

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

34 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, increases methylation	8
Cyclosporine	increases expression	4
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Aldehydes	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Diazinon	increases methylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Mercury	decreases expression	1
Methotrexate	increases expression	1
Niclosamide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Testosterone	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.