CYP39A1

Summary

CYP39A1 (cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily A member 1, HGNC:17449) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p12.3, encoding 24-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (Q9NYL5). A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in neural cholesterol clearance through bile acid synthesis.

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This endoplasmic reticulum protein is involved in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. Its substrates include the oxysterols 25-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol and 24-hydroxycholesterol. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 51302 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 77 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_016593

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17449
Approved symbol	CYP39A1
Name	cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily A member 1
Location	6p12.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000146233
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605994
Entrez	51302

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 9 — 6 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000275016, ENST00000476076, ENST00000480804, ENST00000489657, ENST00000619708, ENST00000889607, ENST00000889608, ENST00000889609, ENST00000889610

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_016593 NM_001278738, NM_001278739, NM_016593

CCDS: CCDS4916, CCDS75465

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000275016 — 12 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000974599	46639494	46639668
ENSE00000974600	46637829	46637978
ENSE00000974602	46630963	46631070
ENSE00000974605	46588034	46588129
ENSE00000974606	46587077	46587165
ENSE00000974607	46553767	46553854
ENSE00001085542	46652406	46652818
ENSE00001085545	46642163	46642298
ENSE00003623898	46595987	46596120
ENSE00003630506	46625418	46625508
ENSE00003634943	46636389	46636482
ENSE00003744930	46549580	46550437

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 218 present calls, max score 92.84.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 1.2141 / max 65.6152, expressed in 461 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
73848	0.5643	310
73845	0.4233	125
73849	0.0919	38
73846	0.0846	31
73847	0.0500	21

Top tissues by expression

282 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	92.84	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	90.69	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	90.01	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	85.57	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	84.78	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	83.39	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	83.32	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	83.15	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	83.14	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	82.96	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	82.90	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	82.41	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	82.31	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	81.12	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	81.08	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	80.52	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	79.68	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	79.37	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	78.82	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	78.81	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	78.75	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	78.32	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	78.05	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	76.56	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	76.14	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	76.09	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	76.06	gold quality
retina	UBERON:0000966	76.05	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	75.52	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	75.30	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	5.15

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

53 targeting CYP39A1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-128-3P	99.95	71.17	2484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P	99.95	71.19	2505
HSA-MIR-767-5P	99.95	70.85	993
HSA-MIR-5680	99.91	69.83	3421
HSA-MIR-3681-3P	99.88	70.46	2254
HSA-MIR-106B-5P	99.88	74.72	2795
HSA-MIR-20A-5P	99.88	74.76	2769
HSA-MIR-5003-3P	99.85	69.29	2517
HSA-MIR-944	99.82	70.85	3042
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-374C-5P	99.80	72.06	2910
HSA-MIR-655-3P	99.80	72.19	2909
HSA-MIR-33A-3P	99.70	70.27	3362
HSA-MIR-586	99.65	70.40	2051
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P	99.52	69.73	2626
HSA-MIR-3609	99.52	69.89	2587
HSA-MIR-7159-3P	99.51	70.17	1920
HSA-MIR-12132	99.47	68.90	1341
HSA-MIR-582-5P	99.47	70.79	2635

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• The rs754203 SNP in CYP46A1 was associated with a risk for POAG. This polymorphism was not associated with changes in plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol. (PMID:19553612)
• GSTA1 and CYP39A1 were found to be associated with busulfan clearance. When combined, the two haplotypes explained 17% of the variability in busulfan clearance. (PMID:24192117)
• The CYP39A1 polymorphism rs7761731 may help to identify patients at high risk for treatment related toxicity. (PMID:26475344)
• Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORalpha Regulates Enzymatic Metabolism of Cerebral 24S-Hydroxycholesterol through CYP39A1 Intronic Response Element Activation. (PMID:32392803)
• Association of Rare CYP39A1 Variants With Exfoliation Syndrome Involving the Anterior Chamber of the Eye. (PMID:33620406)
• Association of the CYP39A1 G204E Genetic Variant with Increased Risk of Glaucoma and Blindness in Patients with Exfoliation Syndrome. (PMID:34763023)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	cyp39a1	ENSDARG00000017982
mus_musculus	Cyp39a1	ENSMUSG00000023963
rattus_norvegicus	Cyp39a1	ENSRNOG00000010519

Paralogs (2): CYP7A1 (ENSG00000167910), CYP7B1 (ENSG00000172817)

Protein

Protein identifiers

24-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase — Q9NYL5 (reviewed: Q9NYL5)

Alternative names: Cytochrome P450 39A1, Oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9NYL5, A0A087WTD2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in neural cholesterol clearance through bile acid synthesis. Catalyzes 7-alpha hydroxylation of (24S)-hydroxycholesterol, a neural oxysterol that is metabolized to bile acids in the liver. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase).

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Microsome membrane.

Tissue specificity. Liver specific.

Pathway. Steroid metabolism; cholesterol degradation. Lipid metabolism; bile acid biosynthesis.

Polymorphism. Variations in CYP39A1 are associated with elevated serum (24S)-hydroxycholesterol levels among a cohort of American residents.

Similarity. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001265667, NP_001265668, NP_057677* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001128	Cyt_P450	Family
IPR002403	Cyt_P450_E_grp-IV	Family
IPR024204	Cyt_P450_CYP7A1-type	Family
IPR036396	Cyt_P450_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050529	CYP51A1-like	Family

Pfam: PF00067

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + reduced [NADPH–hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (24S)-7alpha-dihydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH–hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+) (RHEA:46124)

UniProt features (11 total): sequence variant 5, transmembrane region 3, signal peptide 1, chain 1, binding site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NYL5-F1	92.06	0.78

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 414 (axial binding residue)

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-193775	Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol
R-HSA-211976	Endogenous sterols

MSigDB gene sets: 164 (showing top): GOBP_DIGESTION, REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOMF_OXIDOREDUCTASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_PAIRED_DONORS_WITH_INCORPORATION_OR_REDUCTION_OF_MOLECULAR_OXYGEN, GOBP_STEROL_HOMEOSTASIS, RORA1_01, YANG_BREAST_CANCER_ESR1_LASER_DN, ACEVEDO_NORMAL_TISSUE_ADJACENT_TO_LIVER_TUMOR_DN, REACTOME_ENDOGENOUS_STEROLS, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_BILE_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_LIPID_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (9): bile acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006699), cholesterol catabolic process (GO:0006707), digestion (GO:0007586), sterol metabolic process (GO:0016125), cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), steroid metabolic process (GO:0008202), cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203), small molecule biosynthetic process (GO:0044283)

GO Molecular Function (11): iron ion binding (GO:0005506), steroid hydroxylase activity (GO:0008395), oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity (GO:0008396), heme binding (GO:0020037), 24S-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity (GO:0033782), monooxygenase activity (GO:0004497), protein binding (GO:0005515), steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity (GO:0008387), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (GO:0016705), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (4): endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), intracellular membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043231), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts	1
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity	2
oxidoreductase activity	2
bile acid metabolic process	1
monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process	1
cholesterol metabolic process	1
sterol catabolic process	1
alcohol catabolic process	1
multicellular organismal process	1
steroid metabolic process	1
sterol homeostasis	1
primary metabolic process	1
lipid metabolic process	1
sterol metabolic process	1
secondary alcohol metabolic process	1
biosynthetic process	1
small molecule metabolic process	1
transition metal ion binding	1
monooxygenase activity	1
tetrapyrrole binding	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	1
binding	1
steroid hydroxylase activity	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
organelle membrane	1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network	1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular organelle	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1690 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
CYP39A1	NR1H4	Q96RI1	783
CYP39A1	CYP46A1	Q9Y6A2	676
CYP39A1	HSD3B7	Q9H2F3	636
CYP39A1	CH25H	O95992	568
CYP39A1	BAAT	Q14032	548
CYP39A1	CYP20A1	Q6UW02	532
CYP39A1	PPARA	Q07869	525
CYP39A1	SLC10A2	Q12908	497
CYP39A1	HMGCR	P04035	482
CYP39A1	ABCB11	O95342	462
CYP39A1	AKR1D1	P51857	460
CYP39A1	SLC51A	Q86UW1	449
CYP39A1	GPBAR1	Q8TDU6	442
CYP39A1	ESR1	P03372	441
CYP39A1	SLC10A1	Q14973	436

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CYP39A1	HERC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
CYP39A1	GLUL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CYP39A1	ORM2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CYP39A1	SERINC1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CYP39A1	SMYD3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (7): HERC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), HERC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CYP39A1 (Positive Genetic), SERINC1 (Two-hybrid), ORM2 (Two-hybrid), GLUL (Two-hybrid), SMYD3 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: B2RXA7, E1BHJ4, F1RE08, G3V7X8, O02766, O35074, O35084, O43174, O46491, O46515, O75881, O88962, O93323, P00189, P05108, P0DOX0, P10612, P14137, P15393, P17177, P17178, P18125, P22680, P46634, P51542, P79153, P79202, P97720, Q08D50, Q16647, Q28827, Q29626, Q2XV99, Q4G0S4, Q60991, Q62969, Q63688, Q64408, Q64505, Q6EIG3

Diamond homologs: A0A017SFB8, A0A017SR40, A0A068A9T2, A0A068AA98, A0A068ACU3, A0A084API1, A0A0F7U0K0, A0A0P0ZEA9, A0A1B4XBH0, A0A1B4XBH8, A0A1E3B0R7, A0A1L7VEQ6, A0A1L9WQK2, A0A1R3RGJ7, A0A1V1FNM9, A0A2P1DPA5, A0A397HSG2, A0A3S9NM20, A0A411KUQ5, A0A455ZIK8, A0A481WPJ6, A0A4P8DJC8, A0A831A9C9, A0A8K1AW54, A1C8C2, A2R6G9, A8C7R4, B6HFX9, B8NHD9, B8NM64, C8V7P3, C8VJR0, C9K1X6, D1MX85, E9KMQ3, G0KYB2, G1XU01, G3Y420, I7C6E8, K2RLM2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

77 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	53
Likely benign	10
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2408 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:46583418:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46583419:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46587073:TGAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46587075:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46587076:CCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46587096:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46591978:T:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636385:TTACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46636386:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46636387:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636387:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636387:ACCAT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46636388:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46636388:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636388:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636388:CCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636388:CCAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636388:CCATG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46636478:AGTTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46636479:GTTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46636480:TTT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46636481:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46636481:TTC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:46636483:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46636483:CTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:46636484:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:46636486:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46636487:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46636487:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46637823:TGTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3099 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:46596051:T:A	E334V	0.991
6:46587159:A:G	W390R	0.983
6:46587159:A:T	W390R	0.983
6:46587106:A:C	F407L	0.982
6:46587106:A:T	F407L	0.982
6:46587108:A:G	F407L	0.982
6:46596043:G:T	R337S	0.982
6:46587157:C:A	W390C	0.977
6:46587157:C:G	W390C	0.977
6:46642284:A:C	F64L	0.974
6:46642284:A:T	F64L	0.974
6:46642286:A:G	F64L	0.974
6:46588058:A:C	F379L	0.973
6:46588058:A:T	F379L	0.973
6:46588060:A:G	F379L	0.973
6:46642251:A:C	F75L	0.973
6:46642251:A:T	F75L	0.973
6:46642253:A:G	F75L	0.973
6:46596050:T:A	E334D	0.970
6:46596050:T:G	E334D	0.970
6:46596042:C:G	R337P	0.967
6:46596051:T:G	E334A	0.967
6:46642279:A:T	V66D	0.964
6:46596043:G:C	R337G	0.963
6:46596061:A:G	C331R	0.962
6:46588101:A:G	L365S	0.961
6:46636464:T:A	K219N	0.961
6:46636464:T:G	K219N	0.961
6:46642252:A:G	F75S	0.961
6:46587158:C:G	W390S	0.960

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000036463 (6:46632950 T>C), RS1000055341 (6:46609913 T>C), RS1000058560 (6:46618170 T>A), RS1000121095 (6:46608802 C>T), RS1000168292 (6:46567927 G>A), RS1000173815 (6:46608574 C>T), RS1000175868 (6:46621349 T>G), RS1000252495 (6:46559035 G>T), RS1000274025 (6:46615528 G>A), RS1000310421 (6:46639000 C>A), RS1000310449 (6:46633552 A>T), RS1000344599 (6:46602241 G>A,C), RS1000399610 (6:46644804 T>C), RS1000480268 (6:46565361 G>A), RS1000517231 (6:46557325 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605994 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST007450_5	Normal facial asymmetry (deformation magnitude)	7.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009751	facial asymmetry measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

2 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs3757241	CYP39A1, SLC25A27		0.00	0
rs10807344	CYP39A1, SLC25A27		0.00	0

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — CYP39, CYP46 and CYP51 families

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	7
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation	3
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression	3
trichostatin A	decreases expression, increases expression	2
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, increases activity, increases expression	1
sulforaphane	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	1
ochratoxin A	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
obeticholic acid	decreases expression	1
belinostat	increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	increases methylation	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Carbamazepine	increases expression	1
Niclosamide	increases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	1
Thimerosal	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.