CYTOR

Summary

CYTOR (cytoskeleton regulator RNA, HGNC:28717) is a long non-coding RNA gene on chromosome 2p11.2.

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that is overexpressed in cancer cells and promotes cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This RNA may bind enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and participate in the transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes. It may act as a sponge for microRNAs. Alternatively spliced variants have been observed.

Source: NCBI Gene 112597 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (lncRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:28717
Approved symbol	CYTOR
Name	cytoskeleton regulator RNA
Location	2p11.2
Locus type	RNA, long non-coding
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC4677
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000222041
Ensembl biotype	lncRNA
Entrez	112597
RNAcentral	URS0000BC44BB — lncRNA, 852 nt, 1 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 39 — 39 lncRNA

ENST00000331944, ENST00000409054, ENST00000409139, ENST00000409898, ENST00000413202, ENST00000414030, ENST00000414584, ENST00000419680, ENST00000423846, ENST00000437561, ENST00000455131, ENST00000603948, ENST00000612724, ENST00000629257, ENST00000642293, ENST00000642451, ENST00000642796, ENST00000642872, ENST00000643070, ENST00000643321, ENST00000643509, ENST00000643589, ENST00000643743, ENST00000644040, ENST00000644125, ENST00000644478, ENST00000644552, ENST00000644577, ENST00000644938, ENST00000644976, ENST00000645138, ENST00000645257, ENST00000645707, ENST00000645729, ENST00000646386, ENST00000646578, ENST00000646636, ENST00000646865, ENST00000703011

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000331944 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001587103	87455429	87455645
ENSE00002438200	87521207	87521518

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 97.89.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 25.6610 / max 343.1546, expressed in 1770 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
21325	17.3207	1741
21326	2.8120	839
21327	2.5318	966
21330	1.6636	311
21324	0.9524	485
21335	0.2339	48
21333	0.0966	35
21328	0.0501	11

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	97.89	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	97.24	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	97.03	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	96.28	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	96.21	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	95.05	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	94.32	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	94.00	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	93.64	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	93.36	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	93.21	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	93.03	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	92.86	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	92.45	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	91.88	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	91.87	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	91.42	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	90.09	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	90.03	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	90.03	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	89.94	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	89.89	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	89.74	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	89.63	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	89.44	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	89.42	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	89.22	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	89.07	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	88.68	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	88.52	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	30.07

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• LINC00152 was highly expressed in gastric cancer. Its level was associated with depth of invasion in patients with gastric cancer. (PMID:24523021)
• six novel lncRNAs (CDKN2B-AS1, MIR22HG, GABPB1-AS1, FLJ33630, LINC00152, and LINC0541471_v2) that respond to model chemical stresses (cycloheximide, hydrogen peroxide, cadmium, or arsenic) in hiPSCs. (PMID:25171338)
• Long non-coding RNA Linc00152 is involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer (PMID:26237576)
• Results show circulating HULC and Linc00152 were significantly up-regulated in plasma samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and suggest they may act as novel biomarkers for HCC. (PMID:26356260)
• Linc00152 could promote tumor growth through EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway which may serve as potential targets for therapy in the future. (PMID:26538117)
• LINC00152 might be involved in the oncogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:26540343)
• The findings suggest that LINC00152 may play contribute to the progression of gastric cancer and may be an effective therapeutic target. (PMID:26799422)
• Results show that Linc00152 is up-regulated in colon cancer and confers resistance to oxaliplatin. (PMID:27633443)
• increased Linc00152, CFLAR-AS1 and POU3F3 might be potential biomarkers for predicting the early progress of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:27855375)
• LINC00152 expression is significantly upregulated in human masticatory mucosa during wound healing (PMID:28005267)
• LINC00152 expression is upregulated in LAD tissues and cells, and that its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and may be a prognostic factor for LAD patients. (PMID:28109288)
• Linc00152 was up-regulated in Huh-7. (PMID:28343069)
• we provide new insights into the properties and biological function of LINC00152 suggesting that this transcript is crucial for cell cycle progression through mitosis and thus, could act as a non-coding oncogene. (PMID:28536419)
• Our study indicates LINC00152 plays an important role in lung tumor growth and is potentially a diagnostic/prognostic marker. Further characterization of LINC00152 in regulating its target proteins may provide a novel therapeutic target of lung cancer. (PMID:28592840)
• lncRNA LINC00152 of non-small cell lung cancer tissues were significantly up-regulated compared with adjacent normal tissues and positively correlated with EGPR; Linc00152 knockdown had anti-tumor effects via EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway (PMID:28787699)
• Linc00152 was highly expressed in triple negative breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues; linc00152 knockdown significantly inhibited invasion, migration, and colony growth in vitro. (PMID:29156515)
• Our results indicate that LINC00152/miR-139-5p facilitates gastric cancer cell glycolysis by regulating PRKAA1 expression. (PMID:29156518)
• Linc00152 is upregulated in breast cancer. linc00152 was confirmed to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231, SGC-7901 and 786-O cells. (PMID:29268251)
• Linc00152 may serve as a potential indicator in predicting poor outcomes and metastases of diverse cancers. (PMID:29285514)
• High LINC00152 expression were associated with a worsened survival rate in colorectal cancer. LINC00152 is localized in the cytoplasm of the colorectal cancer cells under hypoxia conditions. (PMID:29345294)
• The results of this study indicate that knockdown of LINC00152 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. LINC00152 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with high-grade glioma. (PMID:29577647)
• Our findings suggest that CYTOR promotes colon cancer EMT and metastasis by interacting with beta-catenin, and the positive feed-forward circuit of CYTOR-beta-catenin might be a useful therapeutic target in antimetastatic strategy. (PMID:29606502)
• Long noncoding RNA LINC00152 as a novel predictor of lymph node metastasis and survival in human cancer (PMID:29617624)
• LINC00152 binds to miR-16 in a sequence-specific manner and suppresses its expression and knockdown of LINC00152 suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. (PMID:29669323)
• Review: CYTOR may serve as a prognostic biomarker for cancer patients during the follow-up. (PMID:29750962)
• LINC00152 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-193a/b-3p to modulate its target gene, CCND1. (PMID:29895195)
• these data reveal that LINC00152 and its homolog MIR4435-2HG associate with aggressive tumors and promote cellular invasion through a mechanism that requires the structural integrity of a hairpin structure (PMID:29991527)
• we demonstrated for the first time the oncogenic role of LINC00152 in ovarian cancer. An increased LINC00152 level is associated with poor prognosis for ovarian cancer patients. Silencing of LINC00152 dramatically declined ovarian cancer cell growth and caused apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by acting as a ceRNA target of miR-125b to downregulate MCL-1 expression and induce mitochondrial-dependent cell death inhibition. (PMID:30030896)
• CYTOR was significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and associated with poor prognosis, promoting proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, EXON1 was the key functional site mediating the interaction of CYTOR with NCL and Sam68. Further results confirmed that the heterotrimeric complex of CYTOR, NCL and Sam68 activated the NF-kappaB pathway and EMT to contribute to CRC progression. (PMID:30064438)
• LINC00152 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by regulating BCL2. (PMID:30304559)
• YY1-regulated LINC00152 promotes triple negative breast cancer progression by affecting the stability of PTEN protein. (PMID:30594392)
• this study revealed the mechanism and function of LINC00152 in osteosarcoma progression. (PMID:30600185)
• LINC00152 expression was up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and was associated with poor prognosis. (PMID:30784933)
• Thestudy suggested that lncRNA-CYTOR played an important role in tumorigenesis and development through the CYTOR/miR-3679-5p/MACC1 axis in Colorectal Cancer. (PMID:31144988)
• Improved characterization of the relationship between long intergenic non-coding RNA Linc00152 and the occurrence and development of malignancies. (PMID:31270960)
• Insight into the molecular mechanism of LINC00152/miR-215/CDK13 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma progression. (PMID:31297882)
• LINC00152 is highly expressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (PMID:31446726)
• Downregulation of linc00152 restrains the aggressiveness of hemangioma cells in vitro and in vivo by interacting with miR-139-5p and modulating the expression of TPD52. (PMID:31542613)
• We identified that lncRNA SNHG12 and LINC00152 might act as independent indicators were associated with the occurrence and progression for PTC (PMID:31773972)
• Long non-coding RNA LINC00152 is up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and regulates proliferation and cell cycle of SKOV3 cells. (PMID:31799647)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.