DAND5

Summary

DAND5 (DAN domain BMP antagonist family member 5, HGNC:26780) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19p13.13, encoding DAN domain family member 5 (Q8N907). Antagonist of the extracellular signaling protein NODAL, which is required for correct left-right patterning during embryonic development.

This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to bind Nodal and to inhibit the Nodal signaling pathway which patterns left/right body asymmetry.

Source: NCBI Gene 199699 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): congenital heart disease (Disputed, ClinGen)
• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 31 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_152654

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:26780
Approved symbol	DAND5
Name	DAN domain BMP antagonist family member 5
Location	19p13.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ38607, CKTSF1B3, DANTE, GREM3, CER2, DTE, Coco
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000179284
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609068
Entrez	199699

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000317060, ENST00000585548, ENST00000873880

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_152654 NM_152654

CCDS: CCDS12291

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000317060 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001256536	12973389	12974760
ENSE00002943658	12969576	12969984

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 99 present calls, max score 92.58.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0928 / max 21.4340, expressed in 34 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
174075	0.0509	20
174074	0.0420	18

Top tissues by expression

213 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	92.58	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	89.01	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	83.64	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	82.27	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	79.71	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	75.70	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	75.44	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	74.75	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	74.45	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	70.70	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	63.76	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	62.15	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	61.74	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	60.21	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	59.54	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	58.55	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	58.00	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	57.73	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	57.67	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	57.60	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	57.42	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	56.62	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	56.37	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	55.72	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	55.05	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	54.77	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	53.35	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	53.30	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	52.98	silver quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	52.89	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	2.40

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

45 targeting DAND5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-3120-5P	100.00	65.56	965
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-3065-3P	99.87	70.25	1407
HSA-MIR-221-5P	99.86	65.45	1052
HSA-MIR-8073	99.86	65.21	1118
HSA-MIR-4524A-3P	99.72	66.85	2406
HSA-MIR-1827	99.63	68.57	3265
HSA-MIR-4753-5P	99.54	68.51	1356
HSA-MIR-766-3P	99.47	65.24	1811
HSA-MIR-508-5P	99.41	64.25	1248
HSA-MIR-6839-3P	99.39	68.86	1301
HSA-MIR-580-5P	99.28	70.94	1776
HSA-MIR-7160-5P	99.11	67.17	2207
HSA-MIR-4478	99.07	65.16	2320
HSA-MIR-4711-3P	98.97	66.87	1020
HSA-MIR-4755-3P	98.77	65.59	1915
HSA-MIR-4763-5P	98.75	63.89	854
HSA-MIR-7977	98.65	66.18	2590
HSA-MIR-4700-5P	98.63	67.43	1915
HSA-MIR-6830-3P	98.62	68.07	1760
HSA-MIR-6755-3P	98.61	66.90	834
HSA-MIR-7114-5P	98.51	67.87	1349
HSA-MIR-3187-5P	98.36	65.74	1776
HSA-MIR-6732-3P	98.17	67.52	802
HSA-MIR-4768-3P	98.16	66.02	2330
HSA-MIR-8089	97.74	66.21	1698

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• A gain-of-function cDNA screen reveals that Coco, a secreted antagonist of TGF-beta ligands, induces dormant breast cancer cells to undergo reactivation in the lung. (PMID:22901808)
• High DAND5 expression is associated with tumor growth and angiogenesis in breast cancer. (PMID:26908452)
• In this work, we report two patients with a DAND5 heterozygous non-synonymous variant (c.455G > A) in the functional domain of the DAND5 protein (p.R152H), a master regulator of Nodal signaling. Patient 1 presents left isomerism, ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta and pulmonary atresia, while patient 2 presents ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy (PMID:28738792)
• Coco may be a player in the bone morphogenetic protein dysregulation and the tissue repair failure in multiple sclerosis (PMID:30685069)
• Generation of a gene-corrected human induced pluripotent stem cell line derived from a patient with laterality defects and congenital heart anomalies with a c.455G > A alteration in DAND5. (PMID:31869685)
• A novel biallelic loss-of-function variant in DAND5 causes heterotaxy syndrome. (PMID:36316122)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	dand5	ENSDARG00000036471
mus_musculus	Dand5	ENSMUSG00000053226

Paralogs (1): CER1 (ENSG00000147869)

Protein

Protein identifiers

DAN domain family member 5 — Q8N907 (reviewed: Q8N907)

Alternative names: Cerberus-like protein 2, Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 3, Gremlin-3

All UniProt accessions (2): Q8N907, K7EQF6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Antagonist of the extracellular signaling protein NODAL, which is required for correct left-right patterning during embryonic development. Antagonist of BMP and TGF-beta signaling. Independently of its role in left-right axis establishment, plays a role during heart development, possibly through the regulation of TGF-beta/Nodal signaling pathway. Displays anti-angiogenic activity by inhibiting endothelial sprouting, migration, and proliferation. Once internalized by endothelial cells, may alter their redox and glycolytic balance.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the retina, in inner segments of photoreceptors, at or close to the outer plexiform layer and in the ganglion cell layer (at protein level).

Disease relevance. Heterotaxy, visceral, 13, autosomal (HTX13) [MIM:621079] A form of visceral heterotaxy, a complex disorder due to disruption of the normal left-right asymmetry of the thoracoabdominal organs. Visceral heterotaxy or situs ambiguus results in randomization of the placement of visceral organs, including the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and stomach. The organs are oriented randomly with respect to the left-right axis and with respect to one another. It can be associated with a variety of congenital defects including cardiac malformations. HTX13 inheritance is autosomal recessive. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Induction. Down-regulation during the establishment of embryonic left-right axis could be due to translation repression, involving BICC1 and possibly DICER1, and/or transcript degradation, involving BICC1 and the CCR4-NOT complex. Attenuated DAND5 expression lifts repression of NODAL and defines leftness by induction of the left lateral plate mesoderm NODAL signaling cascade.

Similarity. Belongs to the DAN family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_689867* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004133	DAN_dom	Domain
IPR016860	Cerberus	Family
IPR029034	Cystine-knot_cytokine	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF03045

UniProt features (8 total): disulfide bond 4, signal peptide 1, chain 1, domain 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8N907-F1	70.04	0.35

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (4): 101–148, 115–162, 125–183, 129–185

Glycosylation sites (1): 38

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1181150	Signaling by NODAL
R-HSA-1433617	Regulation of signaling by NODAL

MSigDB gene sets: 92 (showing top): GOBP_CARDIAC_CHAMBER_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_GROWTH_FACTOR_STIMULUS, GOBP_CARDIAC_SEPTUM_DEVELOPMENT, TERAMOTO_OPN_TARGETS_CLUSTER_6, GOBP_SPECIFICATION_OF_SYMMETRY, GOBP_LATERAL_MESODERM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_CARDIAC_ATRIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_GROWTH_FACTOR_STIMULUS, GOBP_ATRIAL_SEPTUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_MAINTENANCE_OF_LOCATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_TRANSMEMBRANE_RECEPTOR_PROTEIN_SERINE_THREONINE_KINASE_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_TRANSFORMING_GROWTH_FACTOR_BETA, GOBP_EXTRACELLULAR_REGULATION_OF_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_BMP_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_CARDIAC_VENTRICLE_DEVELOPMENT

GO Biological Process (14): determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm (GO:0003140), ventricular septum development (GO:0003281), atrial septum development (GO:0003283), determination of left/right symmetry (GO:0007368), signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression (GO:0023019), negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030512), negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway (GO:0030514), obsolete sequestering of BMP in extracellular matrix (GO:0035582), nodal signaling pathway (GO:0038092), obsolete sequestering of nodal from receptor via nodal binding (GO:0038101), determination of heart left/right asymmetry (GO:0061371), negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway (GO:1900108), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway (GO:0017015)

GO Molecular Function (1): morphogen activity (GO:0016015)

GO Cellular Component (2): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Developmental Biology	1
Signaling by NODAL	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
determination of left/right symmetry	2
cardiac septum development	2
signal transduction	2
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	2
negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway	2
lateral mesoderm development	1
cardiac ventricle development	1
cardiac atrium development	1
determination of bilateral symmetry	1
left/right pattern formation	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	1
BMP signaling pathway	1
regulation of BMP signaling pathway	1
negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus	1
activin receptor signaling pathway	1
heart development	1
negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway	1
nodal signaling pathway	1
regulation of nodal signaling pathway	1
regulation of cell communication	1
regulation of signaling	1
regulation of response to stimulus	1
regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway	1
regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	1
receptor ligand activity	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

466 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
DAND5	PKD1L1	Q8TDX9	581
DAND5	GREM2	Q9H772	558
DAND5	CERS6	Q6ZMG9	550
DAND5	PITX2	Q99697	539
DAND5	LEFTY2	O00292	529
DAND5	GDF1	P27539	512
DAND5	SOSTDC1	Q6X4U4	478
DAND5	GALNT11	Q8NCW6	477
DAND5	LEFTY1	O75610	474
DAND5	FOXH1	O75593	440
DAND5	PIERCE1	Q5BN46	438
DAND5	SMARCA5	O60264	435
DAND5	GREM1	O60565	434
DAND5	CHRD	Q9H2X0	396
DAND5	NODAL	Q96S42	375

IntAct

2 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

ESM2 similar proteins: D3YZZ2, O00292, O43508, O54907, O55237, O75610, O75888, P09225, P0C6B2, P10154, P26445, P32970, P41155, P41273, P52798, P61125, P70225, Q06332, Q06600, Q13477, Q14626, Q3ZDR4, Q5E9Z9, Q5RF19, Q5T7M4, Q5TM20, Q5WR07, Q63148, Q64280, Q64385, Q6BAA4, Q6UWL6, Q86UR1, Q8BHA1, Q8N1F8, Q8N2A8, Q8N907, Q8NAC3, Q8NFR9, Q8R2Z0

Diamond homologs: O35793, O55233, O60565, O70326, O73754, O73755, O95813, P70041, Q07G34, Q76LW6, Q8N907, Q8WNY1, Q9PWB0, O73753, O88273, P41271, Q06880, Q61477, Q6DF53, Q6NZ13, Q90YC9, Q9H772, Q28H35, Q800X4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

31 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	23
Likely benign	4
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

229 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:12969943:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
19:12969982:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:12969983:AG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:12969984:GG:G	donor_loss	0.9900
19:12969957:G:T	donor_gain	0.9600
19:12969955:GGGA:G	donor_gain	0.9400
19:12969987:GA:G	donor_loss	0.9400
19:12969957:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9300
19:12969962:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9300
19:12969957:GATGT:G	donor_gain	0.9100
19:12969961:T:TG	donor_gain	0.9100
19:12969965:AGGCT:A	donor_gain	0.9100
19:12969966:GGCTG:G	donor_gain	0.9100
19:12969985:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9100
19:12969960:GT:G	donor_gain	0.9000
19:12973469:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9000
19:12969943:G:T	donor_gain	0.8800
19:12969967:G:GT	donor_gain	0.8800
19:12971013:GATT:G	donor_gain	0.8600
19:12969726:G:T	donor_gain	0.8500
19:12973463:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.8200
19:12969967:G:T	donor_gain	0.8100
19:12973881:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.7500
19:12973465:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.7400
19:12969725:G:GT	donor_gain	0.7300
19:12969676:C:G	donor_gain	0.7100
19:12969557:TTCAG:T	donor_gain	0.7000
19:12969944:A:T	donor_gain	0.7000
19:12970536:GT:G	donor_gain	0.7000
19:12973470:G:A	acceptor_gain	0.7000

AlphaMissense

1188 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:12969961:T:A	C101S	0.977
19:12969962:G:C	C101S	0.977
19:12969976:T:C	F106L	0.971
19:12969978:C:A	F106L	0.971
19:12969978:C:G	F106L	0.971
19:12973429:A:T	N122I	0.971
19:12973437:T:A	C125S	0.971
19:12973438:G:C	C125S	0.971
19:12973440:T:C	F126L	0.968
19:12973442:T:A	F126L	0.968
19:12973442:T:G	F126L	0.968
19:12969977:T:G	F106C	0.967
19:12973441:T:G	F126C	0.965
19:12973430:T:A	N122K	0.961
19:12973430:T:G	N122K	0.961
19:12973407:T:A	C115S	0.959
19:12973408:G:C	C115S	0.959
19:12969847:T:C	F63L	0.955
19:12969849:C:A	F63L	0.955
19:12969849:C:G	F63L	0.955
19:12973444:G:T	G127V	0.954
19:12973611:T:A	C183S	0.954
19:12973612:G:C	C183S	0.954
19:12973443:G:T	G127C	0.953
19:12973449:T:A	C129S	0.948
19:12973450:G:C	C129S	0.948
19:12969962:G:A	C101Y	0.946
19:12973437:T:C	C125R	0.946
19:12969840:G:C	W60C	0.945
19:12969840:G:T	W60C	0.945

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000082370 (19:12972676 G>T), RS1000851120 (19:12970971 C>A,T), RS1001918994 (19:12973988 G>A,T), RS1002371729 (19:12970657 CTTTCCTTT>C), RS1003076646 (19:12971871 G>A,T), RS1003198219 (19:12973943 A>G), RS1003326605 (19:12971833 C>A), RS1003436789 (19:12974053 A>G), RS1003488342 (19:12974986 C>G,T), RS1004702396 (19:12972825 G>C), RS1004885657 (19:12968575 A>G), RS1005197294 (19:12969833 G>A), RS1006201383 (19:12968039 C>T), RS1006255287 (19:12968325 C>T), RS1006426980 (19:12973329 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609068 | disease phenotypes: MIM:621079

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital heart disease	Disputed Evidence	Unknown

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital heart disease	Disputed	UD

Mondo (2): heterotaxy, visceral, 13, autosomal (MONDO:0976134), congenital heart disease (MONDO:0005453)

Orphanet (1): Situs ambiguus (Orphanet:157769)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002595_9	Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis	1.000000e-06
GCST007923_12	Medication use (drugs used in diabetes)	4.000000e-08
GCST010703_320	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	2.000000e-21
GCST90002390_528	Mean corpuscular hemoglobin	4.000000e-15

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009924	Drugs used in diabetes use measurement
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0004527	mean corpuscular hemoglobin

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D006330	Heart Defects, Congenital	C14.240.400; C14.280.400; C16.131.240.400

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

17 total (human), top 17 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate	affects expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	decreases methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation, decreases methylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Drugs, Chinese Herbal	increases expression	1
Naphthoquinones	increases expression	1
Nickel	decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Thiram	increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	increases expression	1
S-Nitrosoglutathione	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 induced pluripotent stem cell

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_QY85	NMSUNLi001-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_YM55	NMSUNLi001-A-1	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00668824	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Improved Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Vasovist
NCT01368705	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Nitrogen Balance in Infants After Post Cardiothoracic Surgery
NCT01619982	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pre-operative Prophylaxis With Vancomycin and Cefazolin in Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Patients
NCT02122679	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Tranexamic Acid Effect on Platelet Aggregation Following Infant Cardiopulmonary Bypass
NCT02527811	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Ulinastatin Injection in in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery
NCT03014700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Fibrinogen Concentrate vs Cryoprecipitate
NCT03408340	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Paravertebral Nerve Blocks in Neonates
NCT03630796	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effect of Sevoflurane in Postoperative Troponin I Levels in Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Defects Surgery
NCT03667703	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Versus Placebo in Critically Ill Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
NCT04453761	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Thiamine Influenced on Substrate Energy Effectiveness in Indonesian Children Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass
NCT06668389	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Patients for Enhancement of Cardio-Pulmonary Status Trial
NCT07499154	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Perioperative Lidocaine for Lung Protection in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
NCT00000470	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest
NCT00000494	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Management of Patent Ductus in Premature Infants
NCT01134302	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Hybrid Versus Norwood Management Strategies in Infants Undergoing Single Ventricle Palliation
NCT01607983	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Effects of Pulmonary Vasodilation Upon VA Coupling in Fontan Patients
NCT01662011	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Application of Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist to Children After Congenital Cardiac Surgery
NCT02320669	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase 3 Triiodothyronine Supplementation for Infants After Cardiopulmonary Bypass
NCT02615262	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Intraoperative Dexamethasone in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT03153137	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Macitentan in Fontan-palliated Subjects
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