DBP

Summary

DBP (D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor, HGNC:2697) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.33, encoding D site-binding protein (Q10586). This transcriptional activator recognizes and binds to the sequence 5’-RTTAYGTAAY-3’ found in the promoter of genes such as albumin, CYP2A4 and CYP2A5.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PAR bZIP transcription factor family and binds to specific sequences in the promoters of several genes, such as albumin, CYP2A4, and CYP2A5. The encoded protein can bind DNA as a homo- or heterodimer and is involved in the regulation of some circadian rhythm genes.

Source: NCBI Gene 1628 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 7
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 57 total
• Transcription factor: yes — 37 downstream targets (CollecTRI)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001352

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2697
Approved symbol	DBP
Name	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor
Location	19q13.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	DABP
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000105516
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	124097
Entrez	1628

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 4 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000222122, ENST00000593500, ENST00000594723, ENST00000599385, ENST00000601104

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001352 NM_001352

CCDS: CCDS12728

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000222122 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000953168	48635580	48635990
ENSE00003158078	48636856	48637379
ENSE00003190131	48630030	48631052
ENSE00003683424	48633444	48633655

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 267 present calls, max score 95.07.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.8334 / max 141.1626, expressed in 1590 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (13 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
181890	8.9479	1318
181888	1.3106	621
181889	0.9638	517
181882	0.8831	486
181884	0.6890	343
181881	0.6719	337
181883	0.3740	199
181891	0.2500	137
181892	0.1670	67
181880	0.1664	58

Top tissues by expression

294 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	95.07	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	94.43	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	94.38	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	93.25	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	93.18	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	93.15	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	92.86	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	92.84	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	92.45	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	92.07	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	92.05	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	91.97	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	91.11	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	90.46	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	90.11	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	90.04	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	89.94	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	89.80	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	89.51	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	89.42	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	89.15	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	88.97	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	88.96	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	88.96	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	88.84	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	88.55	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	88.42	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	88.23	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	88.17	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	87.79	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-137537	yes	13.72
E-ANND-3	yes	3.89

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

37 targets.

Target	Regulation
ACKR1	Unknown
ADH1A	Activation
ADH1B	Activation
ADH1C	Activation
AFP
AGT	Unknown
ALB
ALDOB	Activation
ANGPT1
ARNT
BMAL1
C7
CDKN2A
CISH
CREBBP
CYP2A13
CYP2E1
CYP3A4	Activation
CYP7A1	Activation
EP300	Unknown
ESR1
FGF2
HP
IGFBP1
IGKV2D-26
JTB
PAPSS2
PCK1
PER1
PER2

JASPAR motifs

Motif	Name	Family
MA0639.1	DBP	CEBP-related
MA0639.2	DBP	CEBP-related

JASPAR matrix evidence (PMIDs): PMID:21458520

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): BHLHE41, BMAL1, CEBPA, CLOCK, HLF, HNF1A, NR1I2, TEF

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

19 targeting DBP, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-6883-5P	99.69	68.05	3785
HSA-MIR-7106-5P	99.53	67.47	3574
HSA-MIR-12123	99.52	71.79	2990
HSA-MIR-513C-5P	99.50	68.42	1730
HSA-MIR-514B-5P	99.50	68.19	1766
HSA-MIR-20A-3P	99.44	69.10	1575
HSA-MIR-302A-5P	99.39	68.21	1913
HSA-MIR-520E-5P	99.27	68.90	1513
HSA-MIR-892C-5P	99.16	70.56	2116
HSA-MIR-4292	99.16	65.57	1767
HSA-MIR-6791-5P	99.16	65.92	1844
HSA-MIR-506-5P	98.02	67.41	1065
HSA-MIR-597-3P	96.46	68.03	1035

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• Lean individuals exhibited significant (P < 0.05) temporal changes of core clock (PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY2, BMAL1, and DBP) and metabolic (REVERBalpha, RIP140, and PGC1alpha) genes. (PMID:21411511)
• the expression of DBP and MAPK in epilepsy patients was upregulated, suggesting a possible pathogenetic role in IE. (PMID:25503293)
• Vitamin D binding protein and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. (PMID:31659740)
• The Association Between VDR and GC Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PMID:32255717)
• Expression of clock gene Dbp in omental and mesenteric adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes. (PMID:32816832)
• Opposing functions of circadian protein DBP and atypical E2F family E2F8 in anti-tumor Th9 cell differentiation. (PMID:36241625)
• N6-methyladenosine-modified DBT alleviates lipid accumulation and inhibits tumor progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through the ANXA2/YAP axis-regulated Hippo pathway. (PMID:36860124)

Cross-species orthologs

8 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	dbpb	ENSDARG00000057652
danio_rerio	dbpa	ENSDARG00000063014
mus_musculus	Dbp	ENSMUSG00000059824
rattus_norvegicus	Dbp	ENSRNOG00000021027
drosophila_melanogaster	Pdp1	FBGN0016694
drosophila_melanogaster	CG7786	FBGN0034096
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00011130
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017535

Paralogs (2): HLF (ENSG00000108924), TEF (ENSG00000167074)

Protein

Protein identifiers

D site-binding protein — Q10586 (reviewed: Q10586)

Alternative names: Albumin D box-binding protein, Albumin D-element-binding protein, Tax-responsive enhancer element-binding protein 302

All UniProt accessions (3): Q10586, M0QXP1, M0QXW3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. This transcriptional activator recognizes and binds to the sequence 5’-RTTAYGTAAY-3’ found in the promoter of genes such as albumin, CYP2A4 and CYP2A5. It is not essential for circadian rhythm generation, but modulates important clock output genes. May be a direct target for regulation by the circadian pacemaker component clock. May affect circadian period and sleep regulation.

Subunit / interactions. Binds DNA as a homodimer or a heterodimer. Can form a heterodimer with TEF.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and in most peripheral tissues, with a strong circadian rhythmicity.

Similarity. Belongs to the bZIP family. PAR subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001343* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004827	bZIP	Domain
IPR040223	PAR_bZIP	Family
IPR046347	bZIP_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF07716

UniProt features (15 total): compositionally biased region 5, region of interest 5, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, domain 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q10586-F1	71.35	0.36

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 86

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9931510	Phosphorylated BMAL1:CLOCK (ARNTL:CLOCK) activates expression of core clock genes

MSigDB gene sets: 279 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, GOBP_HEPATICOBILIARY_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, MYOGENIN_Q6, RORA1_01, YAO_HOXA10_TARGETS_VIA_PROGESTERONE_UP, MODULE_66, MODULE_118, CAIRO_HEPATOBLASTOMA_CLASSES_DN, GERY_CEBP_TARGETS, HOWLIN_PUBERTAL_MAMMARY_GLAND, SHETH_LIVER_CANCER_VS_TXNIP_LOSS_PAM6, MODULE_171, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_BREAST_3_4WK_UP, MODULE_301

GO Biological Process (5): liver development (GO:0001889), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), rhythmic process (GO:0048511), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)

GO Molecular Function (8): RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977), RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228), sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837), DNA binding (GO:0003677), DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex (GO:0090575)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Circadian clock	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	3
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	2
transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	2
gland development	1
hepaticobiliary system development	1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
biological_process	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	1
chromatin	1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	1
DNA-binding transcription activator activity	1
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
double-stranded DNA binding	1
sequence-specific DNA binding	1
nucleic acid binding	1
transcription regulator activity	1
binding	1
chromosome	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
transcription regulator complex	1
nuclear protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

738 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
DBP	BMAL1	O00327	716
DBP	PDXK	O00764	714
DBP	NR1D1	P20393	696
DBP	CRY1	Q16526	687
DBP	TSHB	P01222	680
DBP	SRPX2	O60687	640
DBP	PER2	O15055	632
DBP	CRY2	Q49AN0	627
DBP	CLOCK	O15516	609
DBP	ALB	P02768	597
DBP	PER3	P56645	593
DBP	TLE6	Q9H808	588
DBP	TLE2	Q04725	586
DBP	A0A087WTN9	A0A087WTN9	584
DBP	NPAS2	Q99743	573

IntAct

21 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DBP	DDIT3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.650
DDIT3	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.650
DDIT3	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.650
DBP	DDIT3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.650
HLF	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.590
DBP	HLF	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.590
HLF	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
DBP	CEBPG	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
CEBPA	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
DBP	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
BATF	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
BATF3	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
DBP	ATF3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
DBP	BATF	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
DBP	BATF2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
DBP	BATF3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
	DBP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	CEBPG	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	JUN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
DBP	Clock	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (18): DBP (Two-hybrid), DBP (Affinity Capture-MS), DBP (Affinity Capture-RNA), DBP (Affinity Capture-RNA), DBP (FRET), DBP (FRET), DBP (FRET), BATF3 (FRET), BATF2 (FRET), BATF (FRET), ATF3 (FRET), EPAS1 (FRET), CEBPA (FRET), CEBPG (FRET), DDIT3 (FRET)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1W2PPE3, A0A2R8Y2Y2, A0A494C0N9, A0A494C0Y3, A0A7I2V3R4, A0JNN8, A2VDX9, A5A769, A5PJP1, A6QPM6, A8MTW9, C9JTQ0, O15370, O35182, O43541, O70218, O75474, O89113, O94850, P0C7X2, P0DPE3, P28283, P37318, P37319, P70339, Q04890, Q10586, Q32PF6, Q5BLP8, Q5T230, Q5U5M8, Q5VY09, Q60925, Q6IQX8, Q6NZ36, Q6NZY7, Q6QNY0, Q6ZSJ8, Q7TNS8, Q80WY3

Diamond homologs: A0A5F9ZHS7, O08750, P16443, P41224, P97516, Q08D88, Q10586, Q10587, Q16534, Q16649, Q32PF6, Q5FW38, Q60925, Q64709, Q66J36, Q68EL6, Q6IMZ0, Q8BW74, Q90Z72, Q92172, Q94126, Q9JLC6

SIGNOR signaling

6 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
DBP	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ALDOB	“transcriptional regulation”
DBP	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	CYP3A4	“transcriptional regulation”
DBP	up-regulates	Gluconeogenesis
DBP	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	Aldolase	“transcriptional regulation”
CLOCK/BMAL1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	DBP	“transcriptional regulation”
DBP	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	CYP7A1	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

57 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	42
Likely benign	3
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

567 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:48631048:TCATC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631049:CATC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631049:CATCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631050:ATC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631051:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631052:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631052:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:48631053:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:48631053:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631053:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631056:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631057:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48633440:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:48633441:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:48633443:CCTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
19:48633655:CC:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:48633655:CCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48633656:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48633656:C:CG	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:48633657:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48633657:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:48631054:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:48633442:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
19:48633443:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
19:48633475:G:A	donor_gain	0.9900
19:48633651:CAGGC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:48633652:AGGC:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:48633653:GGC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:48633654:GC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:48633656:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

2033 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:48630925:A:G	L297P	1.000
19:48630935:T:C	N294D	1.000
19:48630946:A:G	L290P	1.000
19:48630946:A:T	L290Q	1.000
19:48630948:G:C	F289L	1.000
19:48630948:G:T	F289L	1.000
19:48630949:A:G	F289S	1.000
19:48630950:A:G	F289L	1.000
19:48630956:C:G	A287P	1.000
19:48630958:C:G	R286P	1.000
19:48630967:A:C	I283R	1.000
19:48630967:A:G	I283T	1.000
19:48630967:A:T	I283K	1.000
19:48630969:C:A	Q282H	1.000
19:48630969:C:G	Q282H	1.000
19:48630970:T:G	Q282P	1.000
19:48630972:G:C	N281K	1.000
19:48630972:G:T	N281K	1.000
19:48630973:T:A	N281I	1.000
19:48630975:C:A	E280D	1.000
19:48630975:C:G	E280D	1.000
19:48630976:T:A	E280V	1.000
19:48630976:T:G	E280A	1.000
19:48630977:C:T	E280K	1.000
19:48630978:C:A	K279N	1.000
19:48630978:C:G	K279N	1.000
19:48630980:T:C	K279E	1.000
19:48630982:A:G	L278P	1.000
19:48630985:C:G	R277P	1.000
19:48630989:G:C	R276G	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000184091 (19:48635832 A>G), RS1000188827 (19:48636088 G>A,T), RS1000393717 (19:48630499 G>T), RS1000474293 (19:48634608 C>A,G,T), RS1000524671 (19:48634747 G>A), RS1000743617 (19:48630144 T>C,G), RS1000762813 (19:48634639 CG>C), RS1001582568 (19:48629877 G>A,C,T), RS1001687773 (19:48635533 G>C), RS1001741857 (19:48635693 C>A,T), RS1002026500 (19:48634289 G>A), RS1002078688 (19:48634569 G>A,C), RS1002174230 (19:48637741 T>A,C,G), RS1002509892 (19:48636347 G>T), RS1003145124 (19:48631108 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:124097 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

7 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001241_6	Bipolar disorder	3.000000e-06
GCST001729_25	Crohn’s disease	1.000000e-15
GCST002485_1	Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels	2.000000e-12
GCST010134_4	Non-oily fish consumption	3.000000e-16
GCST010135_4	Oily fish consumption	2.000000e-16
GCST010140_48	Pork consumption	2.000000e-16
GCST90002388_377	Lymphocyte count	4.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005760	serum carcinoembryonic antigen measurement
EFO:0008111	diet measurement
EFO:0004587	lymphocyte count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

36 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	2
afuresertib	increases expression	1
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
avobenzone	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	decreases expression	1
entinostat	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
KL001	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	1
Lead	affects expression	1
Methapyrilene	increases methylation	1
Niclosamide	increases expression	1
Prednisolone	decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.